After the summer solstice, many places across the country turned on high temperature mode, and the temperature in some areas even reached 40 degrees Celsius. Along with the rolling heat wave, there are also rumors, including "the bigger the mosquito bag, the more toxic the mosquito is", "dishes cooked with air fryer cause cancer" and "wearing a mask for a long time can cause lung nodules to increase" "The weather will get colder when the earth reaches aphelion"...
Recently, the "Internet Joint Rumor Refutation Platform" hosted by the Illegal and Bad Information Reporting Center of the Cyberspace Administration of China has taken stock of the new rumors that have emerged this month one by one, hoping to clear away the fog and find the truth. .
01
The larger the mosquito bag, the more toxic the mosquito is?
Truth: Mainly related to mosquito species and personal sensitivity
In addition to high temperatures in summer, mosquitoes are also annoying. Some people may get a small red envelope after being bitten by a mosquito, while some people may become miserable after being bitten - turning into " wind ears ", "sausage mouth" and "pig's trotters" due to mosquito bites. "Hand" news has been reported frequently.
was also bitten by a mosquito. Why are the "models" of the packages so different? There is a rumor on that "the bigger the mosquito bag, the more poisonous the mosquito is." Many people believe this statement, so what is the truth?
"After being bitten by a mosquito, symptoms such as wheals, papules, and itching will appear on the skin. What we often call mosquito bites is a local allergic reaction on the skin." Liu Ruiling, deputy chief physician of the Allergy Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, told Science and Technology Daily reporter said in an interview.
When a mosquito bites a person, it will pierce the piercing and sucking mouthparts into the human skin and cause damage. It will "poison" the human body while sucking blood, that is, secretes saliva to prevent blood coagulation and block its mouthparts. At the same time, the saliva can also have a paralyzing effect, making it difficult for people to notice. After senses the invasion of mosquito "saliva", the human body's immune system will be activated. The secreted histamine and cytokine will dilate blood vessels, increase blood vessel permeability, and cause local tissue edema, thereby causing skin itching and localized edema. Inflammation.
"The degree of inflammatory reaction of each person after being bitten by a mosquito is mainly related to the type of mosquito and personal sensitivity." Liu Ruiling explained that when people with allergies are bitten by mosquitoes, their bodies will secrete a large amount of histamine and cytokines. This can lead to allergic reactions. In mild cases, wheals, papules, angioedema may occur, and in severe cases, systemic reactions may occur.
In addition, the size of the mosquito bag is also related to the bite site. Eyelids, lips, backs of hands, children's foreskin and other loose connective tissue areas are prone to edema after being bitten, and mosquito bites will also appear larger.
After being bitten by a mosquito, do not scratch it desperately. Scratching will exert mechanical pressure on the local skin and speed up the blood flow. These will aggravate the inflammatory reaction and cause the mosquito bite to become larger.
02
Does food cooked in an air fryer cause cancer?
The truth: There is no clear experimental evidence of carcinogenesis
Some time ago, many people were brainwashed by the catchphrase "If I had an air fryer" on a short video platform. The multiple delicacies shown in the short video are cooked using the air fryer, which are not only easy to make but also use less oil. Therefore, some people "plant" the air fryer and regard it as an "artifact" for fat-reducing cooking.
However, it has recently been reported on the Internet that food cooked in air fryers can cause cancer because it produces acrylamide , and acrylamide is a carcinogen.
"Whether carcinogens will be produced during the cooking process is mainly related to the ingredients, cooking temperature and cooking time." Wang Hao, a professor at the School of Food Science and Engineering at Tianjin University of Science and Technology, said in an interview with a reporter from Science and Technology Daily that no matter what pot is used When cooking, as long as the food is overheated, carcinogens may be produced.
"The air fryer is like a simple oven with a fan." Wang Hao introduced that it generates hot air through a built-in heat pipe, and then uses a fan to blow the high-temperature air around, allowing the hot air to circulate in the closed space, thus Heat dehydrates food.
Acrylamide is produced by starch under high temperature and low water content conditions. Generally speaking, when the temperature exceeds 120 degrees Celsius, a small amount of acrylamide will be produced. When the temperature is between 160 and 180 degrees Celsius, its output reaches its peak. And this temperature is the right temperature for grilled and fried foods. In addition, the more starchy the food, the more acrylamide is produced at high temperatures.
"However, you don't have to worry too much." Wang Hao said that first of all, acrylamide is a type 2A carcinogen. There is sufficient evidence of its carcinogenicity in animals. Whether it can cause cancer in humans is still lacking enough experimental results. evidence. Secondly, when cooking ingredients rich in carbohydrates by frying or grilling, if the temperature exceeds 120 degrees Celsius, acrylamide may be produced, and the longer the cooking time and the less water content of the ingredients, the more acrylamide will be produced. many. Moreover, in terms of quantity comparison of , the heating efficiency of the air fryer is higher, the food is kept at high temperature for a shorter time, and it may even produce less acrylamide than other high-temperature cooking methods.
"We cannot talk about toxicity regardless of dose." Wang Hao said that for ordinary people, they will not consume large amounts of acrylamide in their daily diet in a short period of time. As long as is consumed normally, it does not reach dangerous intake levels. However, he suggested that when using an air fryer to cook starchy ingredients, it is best to do some pretreatment in advance, such as rinsing the starch on the surface of the potatoes with water before frying the fries. At the same time, control the cooking time reasonably and do not cook at high temperature for too long.
03
Can wearing a mask for a long time cause pulmonary nodules to increase?
Truth: Normal use will not cause harm to the lungs
Currently, as the COVID-19 epidemic becomes normalized, masks are still a "must-wear item" for everyone every day. Not long ago, there was a statement on the Internet that "wearing a mask for a long time can cause the growth of pulmonary nodules." It was said that the melt-blown cloth in the middle layer of the mask is a petroleum product, and the fine particles in it will enter the human lungs through the respiratory tract. Long-term wearing will cause Pulmonary nodules enlarge.
In this regard, Qian Xiaoming, a professor at the School of Textile Science and Engineering of Tianjin University of Technology, said in an interview with a reporter from Science and Technology Daily that wearing a mask within the normal range of use will not produce fine particles, let alone enter the lungs. .
"In addition to textile materials such as cotton, wool, linen, silk, regenerated cellulose fiber, many synthetic fibers including melt-blown cloth are made of petroleum-based materials." Qian Xiaoming introduced, poly As the main petroleum-based material, acrylic has a wide range of applications. The meltblown cloth used to make masks is a superfine fiber nonwoven material processed from polypropylene polymer material.
"After being processed into melt-blown cloth, this polymer material has a certain strength and very good filtering performance. Within the normal use time limit, it is impossible to produce small molecular substances." Qian Xiaoming said, however, polypropylene materials It is not resistant to ultraviolet rays. After long-term sunlight exposure, it will become brittle and weaken in strength. It may also turn into powder particles under the action of external forces, such as twisting and rubbing with hands.
However, Qian Xiaoming emphasized that the powder particles are in the form of large particles and are difficult to be inhaled into the lungs.
"As long as meltblown cloth masks are not exposed to the sun and do not exceed the use period, they will not produce fine particles. generally has no problem if it is stored in a backlit place for two years." Qian Xiaoming added.
04
Will the weather become colder when the earth reaches aphelion?
Truth: The hot and cold weather is related to the angle of the sun.
Recently, a piece of news came out on the Internet: Starting from May 22 this year, the sun will move away from the earth and gradually reach the aphelion. At this time, the weather will become colder. , this phenomenon will continue until August this year.
At present, the high temperature in many places across the country has made the rumors self-defeating. However, some people are still worried that the current high temperature is just a "flash in the pan" this summer, and the temperature will continue to drop in the future. Is this really the case?
" The earth's orbit around the sun is roughly elliptical, but its long axis and short axis are not much different, so it can basically be regarded as a circle." Yan Weiguo, executive vice chairman of the Tianjin Astronomical Society, told a reporter from Science and Technology Daily During the interview, it was introduced that when the earth moves in its orbit, the distance from the sun is sometimes close and sometimes far. The closest position to the sun is perihelion, and the farthest position from the sun is , aphelion .
Image source: Beijing Planetarium official Weibo
"Whether it is at perihelion or aphelion, the distance between the earth and the sun is almost the same." Yan Weiguo said that when the earth is at perihelion, it is 147.1 million kilometers away from the sun; When the Earth is at aphelion, it is approximately 152.1 million kilometers away from the Sun. The difference between the two is 0.05 billion kilometers, which only accounts for 3.3% of the average distance between the earth and the sun, which is almost negligible. Therefore, the difference in heat received by the Earth at perihelion and aphelion is very small.
The temperature changes that people feel on the earth are mainly related to the angle of the sun. "There is an angle between the earth's orbital plane and the equatorial plane. Every year around June 22, which is the summer solstice in the northern hemisphere, the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Cancer. At this time, the northern hemisphere (most areas) is closest to the direct point. There is more heat, so the weather is hotter; on the other hand, around December 22, which is the winter solstice in the northern hemisphere, the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Capricorn, so the northern hemisphere gets less heat and the weather is cooler," Yan Weiguo explained.
"In fact, in early January every year, the earth is exactly at perihelion, which happens to be winter in the northern hemisphere, and the weather is relatively cold. But in early July, when the earth turns to aphelion, it is summer in the northern hemisphere, and the weather is relatively cold. "Hot." Yan Weiguo said that it can be said that the hot and cold weather of has little to do with perihelion and aphelion. (Detailed stamp: There is a rumor on the Internet that "the weather will become severely cold due to the aphelion phenomenon"? Fake!)
Source: Internet Joint Rumor Refuting Platform
Editor: Yang Guangxiao
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