As one of several major therapeutic theoretical orientations, cognitive therapy (sometimes called cognitive behavioral therapy) is an orientation that has attracted many consultants in the contemporary era. There are not only psychologists who have made important contributions to the success of this orientation, nor are they a group of people working together in concert, but many have developed their own systems relatively independently. As these systems mature, they are found to have the same or similar orientations. It is generally believed that the "interaction analysis" (TA) of Eric Bourne, Mechinbaum's " cognitive behavior correction ", Baker's "cognitive therapy" of , Ellis's "rational-emotion therapy" (RET), and Grasser's "reality therapy".
We are in
Therefore, RET puts the direct target of counseling and treatment on cognitive, emotional and behavioral changes . To put it more specifically, what RET directly pursues is:
1, correcting irrational thoughts, beliefs, and irrational way of thinking; helping visitors establish positive value orientations, pursuits, goals and ideals that can bring happiness of survival, and learn to think about problems in scientific, rational, realistic and flexible ways. way of thinking is a more basic thing. RET assumes that scientific and rational way of thinking is an effective tool for most people to achieve the former.
2. Correct inappropriate emotions and help clients get appropriate emotional experiences. Ellis distinguishes emotions from appropriate and inappropriate, which is quite unique. Emotions are originally divided into affirmative emotions and negative emotions, but whether they are appropriate or not is not consistent with the classification criteria for affirmative and negative. There are both positive and negative emotions; the same is true for inappropriate emotions. Suitable affirmative emotions are the experiences that a person's goals, wishes are achieved and satisfied, such as love, happiness, pleasure, etc.; Suitable negative emotions are the experiences that a person's wishes are setbacks and his goals are blocked from action, such as regret, guilt, anger, disappointment, etc.; inappropriate affirmative emotions are emotions that make people feel good temporarily but lead to greater pain and frustration in the future, such as arrogance, hostility, and delusion; inappropriate negative emotions are emotions that make people worse and make their frustration heavier, rather than emotions that help people improve and overcome adverse situations, such as depression, anxiety, despair, inferiority complex, etc.
3. Correct inappropriate behavior and enhance appropriate behavior. Ellis calls forced impulses, bad behaviors, stereotyped reactions, as well as retreat, terror, etc. as self-damage behaviors, because they unnecessarily hinder people's lives and happiness and prevent people from achieving short-term and long-term goals.
Next, let’s talk about the remaining four points of basic theoretical concepts.
