1, Creation Theory
The concept of creation holds that the world came into being only recently. How recently? In 4004 BC to be precise.
The world created by God is stable, unchanging, and inherently harmonious... There is "natural theology" in British universities. The famous Oxford University Zoo collected all the animals from around the world that could be collected at that time, but it was only used to prove God's wisdom - "Suddenly being able to reproduce millions of animals is certainly a miracle. This undoubtedly proves the power of the omnipotent wisdom of the Creator."
If you ask where everything in the world comes from? This was not a problem at all in medieval Europe. The reason is simple. " Bible " tells you everything. The book records that God created the world in six days.
“God created the great fish and every living thing that moves in the water, according to their kind. And God created every kind of bird, according to its kind.”
“God created the wild beasts according to their kinds, the cattle according to their kinds, and every creeping thing on the earth according to its kind.”
Finally, “God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created he; male and female he created he.”
2, Charles Robert Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 in Shrewsbury, England. In 1825, he entered the University of Edinburgh to study medicine; in 1828, he entered the University of Cambridge to study theology. His father hoped that he would become a "distinguished priest" in the future. In 1831, Darwin Darwin graduated from Cambridge University. His teacher Henslow recommended him to participate in the scientific expedition voyage of the British Navy "HMS Beagle" around the world as a "naturalist" on December 27 of the same year. Darwin first inspected Brazil, Argentina and other places on the east coast of South America, the west coast and adjacent islands, then crossed the Pacific Ocean to Oceania, then crossed the Indian Ocean to South Africa, then returned to Brazil around the Cape of Good Hope via the Atlantic Ocean, and finally returned to the United Kingdom on October 2, 1836. Five years of travel and investigation prompted Darwin to think about the origin of species. He studied a large amount of evidence from all aspects and gradually realized that all kinds of species actually evolved from a common ancestor. Through the examples of plant cultivation and domestication of domestic animals, he felt that the reason for evolution may be that nature adopts a similar selection method for living things-eliminating the bad and retaining the good. Darwin got inspiration from T.R. Malthus's "On Population": Each species has huge reproductive power, but only a very small number of survivors exist. This shows that there is fierce competition for survival in nature, which causes a large number of deaths and thus maintains the relative stability of the population.
3, Theory of Evolution
In 1859, "On the Origin of Species by the Method of Natural Selection" was first published in England. Twelve years later, Darwin published The Descent of Man and Sexual Selection. The book reports evidence of human evolution from lower life forms, evidence of similarities in mental processes between animals and humans, and evidence of natural selection in the process of evolution. "The difference between humans and animals is only in degree, not in kind; humans are related to apes."
The emergence of the theory of evolution has given a unified explanation to various phenomena in the biological world: the consistency of organisms can be explained by common ancestors; the diversity of species is entirely the result of evolutionary adaptation. Species are mutable, organisms evolve. Natural selection is the driving force of biological evolution. All living things have a tendency to reproduce excessively, but living space and food are limited, and living things must "struggle for survival." Variations exist among individuals in the same population. Those individuals with favorable mutations that can adapt to the environment will survive and reproduce, while those without favorable mutations will be eliminated.The emergence of the theory of evolution also had a great impact in the fields of philosophy and social sciences. Engels listed the "theory of evolution" as one of the three major discoveries of natural science in the 19th century; it violently impacted the theological concepts that dominated the ideological field at that time, and realized the ideological revolution of science getting rid of theology, thereby destroying various idealistic theories of divine creation and species immutability.
4. The road of science is not smooth
When the theory of evolution came out, it experienced various criticisms. Today, after the publication of "On the Origin of Species," Darwin has been under attack. This attack comes from Christian preachers, not from within the biological community. Looking back at history, no other theory has faced so much opposition and gone through such a long debate as Darwin's theory of evolution.
Among them, the most fierce opponent was Roy, the captain of the USS Beagle. Captain Roy blamed himself very much. After five years of investigation with Darwin, he actually came up with such a set of fallacies. How can I be worthy of God in the future? He held up the Bible at the venue and shouted: "This book, this book!" Five years later, Captain Roy felt so guilty that his heart was filled with a sense of atonement for God: "How could I release a devil like Darwin?" He committed suicide with a gun. Before Darwin married him, his wife wrote him a letter: "I love you very much, but your theory has completely offended God. After I marry you, can we meet again in heaven after a lifetime of love?"
After the publication of "The Origin of Species", religious people insisted on the narrative of the "Bible Genesis". If God had not created the world, would he still exist? If the Genesis account at the beginning of the Bible is incorrect and the Bible is built on a false foundation, how can the church continue to preach to its believers? Bishop Wilberforce of the Diocese of Oxford asked the biologist Huxley : "Which side of your father or mother comes from the ancestor of monkeys?" Huxley replied: "I am not ashamed that either father or mother comes from monkey ancestors. On the contrary, those who lack real understanding of the problem and still make ignorant remarks should be ashamed!"
5, Darwin's Tomb
Charles Darwin died in , Kent, on April 19, 1882. As a great scientist, he was buried in the northeast corner of the nave of the famous Westminster Abbey in London. The neighbor who is buried with Darwin is the tomb of Newton. A week before his death, the latter was still recalculating the time of the end of the world in the Bible. The conclusion he left us is 2060.
6, Social Darwin
Thomas Robert Malthus (Thomas Robert Malthus, 1766-1834) proposed the famous "Malthusian Trap" in the book "Principles of Population"-the growth of population is exponential, while the increase in food production is linear. For a period of time when the world is peaceful and everyone is trying their best to have children, the population may exceed the ceiling of food supply, leading to disasters such as famine, plague, and war. Darwin was inspired by the ideas of Malthus and proposed the concepts of competition for survival and natural selection.
(Malthusian missionary)
Darwin's theory of biological evolution thought was used by Spencer (Herbert Spencer) to explain the human world.
The white race is regarded as the greatest race because they have advanced culture. The white race can conquer the barbarians or simply exterminate them. The poor are the "unfit" in the competition for survival and should not be helped; the weak should be eliminated, and the strong should survive. In the struggle for survival, the amount of wealth is the criterion for success. Hitler was a believer in this set of social Darwinism , believing that there is a so-called evolutionary or progressive trend that dominates human history. Only the strong can survive, while the weak can only suffer the fate of destruction.The white race is regarded as the greatest race, and the Aryans species are the best of the best. Because they have advanced culture, it is only natural that the white race can conquer the barbarians or simply exterminate them.
(Taken in 1895, by Horatio Gordon Robley, a British general.)
(The head is from a New Zealand Maori)
Darwin's cousin Francis Galton developed eugenics . Galton believed that human physiological characteristics are obviously passed down from generation to generation. Therefore, society should make a conscious decision about inheritance, that is, to avoid over-reproduction of "unfit" people and under-reproduction of "adapted" people.
During World War II , Germany's systematic genocide against Jews and other "inferior ethnic groups" was the implementation of this idea.
White people deserve to live. However, human history is a long river, and it only comes sooner or later. According to the "survival of the fittest" law, the yellow and brown races in Asia are constantly accumulating strength to prepare to overthrow the white people's global control. It is only a matter of time before the white race and Western civilization are eventually squeezed out by "inferior" races and cultures.
At that time, Chiang Kai-shek reminded the Japanese militarists not to regard temporary differences as eternal, and not to attack China when China was poor and weak, so as to prevent China and Japan from becoming feuding countries. However, the Japanese militarists followed the idea of survival of the fittest and continued to advance westward.
After the end of World War II, social Darwinism was gradually spurned and criticized by various countries, and it faded out of human thought.
7. How does the contemporary Pope view the theory of evolution? “The Bible itself tells us the origin and composition of the universe, not to provide us with a scientific paper, but to show the correct relationship between man and God, and man and the universe. The Bible simply states that the world was created by God, and in order to teach this truth it does so in the terms of the cosmology used in the author's day. Any other teaching about the origin and composition of the universe is contrary to the intent of the Bible, which is not to teach people how heaven came to be, but how to get to heaven. "On October 23, 1996, more than 130 years after Darwin published "The Origin of Species", Pope John Paul II, in a written speech to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, the scientific advisory body of the Vatican, officially admitted for the first time that new scientific knowledge has confirmed Darwin's theory of evolution as "more than a hypothesis."
The pope has repeatedly mentioned the scientific consensus on evolution over the years and suggested that evolution does not conflict with Christian teachings, but this is the first time he has expressed the Vatican's acceptance of evolution so clearly and comprehensively. The pope stated: "The 1950 encyclical of Pope Pierce XII regarded the theory of evolution as a serious hypothesis, deserving of closer study and comparison with competing hypotheses." “Today, more than half a century after the publication of this encyclical, new knowledge has led us to realize that ‘evolution’ is more than just a hypothesis. "Indeed, it is very remarkable that after a series of discoveries in different fields of knowledge, this theory has gradually taken root in the minds of researchers." ”
Catholic Pope Francis stated on October 27, 2014 that scientific views such as the Big Bang and the theory of evolution do not conflict with Catholic teachings, because the Big Bang and the evolution of life are both from the hand of God and are part of God’s plan to create the world and life.
Francis pointed out at a meeting of the Vatican Academy of Sciences that the idea that the Big Bang is the origin of the world does not conflict with the Catholic view that God created the world, because God required a Big Bang when he created the world. However, he pointed out that believers should not support the idea that "the world appeared randomly" because evolution is part of God's plan.
Francis also talked about the theory of evolution of life. He pointed out that the development of each kind of life over the past thousands of years does not conflict with the creation of life by God, because "the theory of evolution presupposes that the created beings will evolve."He also said that God created life and allowed life to develop in accordance with the natural laws He set.
