After the "September 18th" Incident in Beizhenchengmen
in the 1930s, Jinzhou area fell into the hands of the Japanese. The puppet Manchukuo government established Jinzhou Province in 1934 and Jinzhou City in 1937. There is a place called Beizhen in the Jinzhou area, known as the "important town in Youzhou". It is located at the eastern end of western Liaoning, 200 kilometers east of Shenyang and 120 kilometers southwest of Jinzhou. The picture shows the Beizhen City Gate in the 1930s. [Appendix] After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, in May of the 25th year of Hongwu (AD 1390), Guangning Guards were established and commander Wang Xiong was assigned to rebuild a rectangular earthen city on the site of the ancient city, which was larger than the ancient city of Liao. Its circumference is nine miles and thirteen steps. There are five city gates. It is called Yong'an in the east, Gongzhen in the west, Tai'an in the southeast, Ying'en in the south, and Jingyuan in the north. Later, the governor Liu Zhen built the urn city with bricks. In the 30th year of Hongwu (AD 1395), the commander-in-chief Yang Wen was ordered to supervise the guards of Liaodong to further repair the Guangning Acropolis and add battlements to prevent the border guards. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, Liu Jiang, the chief military officer, visited Southeast Pass to grant residences to the people.
during the Hongzhi period. Be prepared to guard Hu Zhongzhan in the west corner. In the 14th year of Zhengde (AD 1519), Li Qin prepared to guard the southern pass of the city for 546 feet. The pool was one and a half feet deep, two feet wide, and the perimeter of the city was ten miles and forty-five steps long. In the 16th year of Jiajing reign in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1537), Wang Yong, the young eunuch from the left, Ren Luo, the imperial envoy, and Ma Yong, the chief military officer, rebuilt the ancient city with six gates and an earthen fortress on the west gate. The names of the five gates remained the same as before. There are four archery towers built on the city, namely Zhenshuo in the north, Rouyuan in the southeast, Wangjing in the south, and Zhanxiu in the west. Jiajing In the thirty-fourth year of Yimao (1555 AD), the imperial envoy Su Zhigao expanded the new city, also known as Nanguan. There are three gates: Gonghu Shenjing in the south, Zhenwu in the west, and Xuanhua in the east. Together with the old city, the total circumference is seventeen miles.
In the thirty-fifth year of Jiajing (1556 AD), the autumn floods destroyed Nanguan. Su Zhigao, the imperial envoy of the capital at that time, and Luo Wenzhi, the chief military officer, supervised the reconstruction and built the South Pass outside Yingen Gate. In the 42nd year of Jiajing's reign (AD 1563), the imperial envoy Wang Zhigao built the inner city, making the perimeter of the city wall 17 miles longer. The acropolis was extended to the north bank of the Erdao River in the city, and the Erdao River became the moat at that time. There are six gates in the city. In addition to the original five gates, a small west gate has been added, which is quite grand. And all the second floors of the north bell and drum of Tongji Bridge in the city were restored.
After the founding of the Qing Dynasty, in the third year of Kangxi (AD 1664), due to war, the perimeter of the ancient city wall was reduced to ten miles and 280 paces, with a height of three feet and a half and a thickness of one foot and a half. Except for the Gonghu Jing Gate in Nanguan which was changed to Yingen Gate, the names of the other gates remained the same. By the time of Qianlong's reign, the city tower and the three gates of Nanguanxiang were destroyed, and the moat and ditch were flooded.
Qianlong Forty-three years (AD 1778), the east patrol passed by Guangning County. Seeing that the wall was damaged and in disrepair for many years, he ordered the reconstruction of Guangning City. Because the Nanguanxiang was in dilapidated condition, it was not repaired. After reconstruction, there were a total of 12 miles and 210 steps around the city, with five city gates. Four archery towers were built on the city, namely Wangjing in the south, Rouyuan in the small south gate, Zhanxiu in the west, Zhenshuo in the north, and Kuixing tower in the southeast corner. After this repair, the scale of Guangning Ancient City was fixed and remained unchanged for the next two hundred years.
The Drum Tower of Central Cross Street, Yi County, Jinzhou Province in the 1930s
The Bell and Drum Tower in the center of Yizhou Acropolis Cross Street was built in the first year of Xuande in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1426). The building is 17.2 meters high and divided into three floors. The base is square in plane, as high as a city wall, with cross-shaped holes leading to four streets underneath, all made of large green bricks. Arched passages are built in the east, west, south and north, and there are stone ladders to go upstairs. The second-floor platform is an observation deck, and there are 30 crenellations on the surrounding walls. Above the platform is a two-story pavilion, both of brick and wood structure. A large bell hangs on the wooden frame in the southeast corner of the second floor, so it is called the bell tower. There is a wooden staircase in the middle room leading to the third level. There is a giant cowhide drum set up on the third floor, so it is called the Drum Tower.
However, the ancient city of Yi County , which has a history of more than 600 years and was not destroyed by war, was destroyed in peacetime. In 1953, a foolish local governor ordered all the city walls, city towers, temples and bell and drum towers to be demolished. Only Fengguo Temple , Guangsheng Temple Tower, Antai Gate and a few temples were spared.
Yixian Railway Station
Yixian Railway Station
Yixian Railway Station
Jinzhou Provincial Office
Jinzhou Province is the old name of the province. It was a province during the puppet Manchukuo period. It existed from 1934 to 1945. The provincial capital was Jinzhou City. It was named Jinzhou Province because of its location in Jinzhou City. It encompasses 2 cities, 10 counties and 3 banners, and the province is roughly the same area as Jinzhou City in Liaoning Province today.
Jinzhou Province was divided from Fengtian Province on December 1, 1934 (the first year of Kangde) to include Jinxian, Jinxi, Xingcheng, Suizhong, Yijin, Beizhen, Panshan, Taian, Heishan, Zhangwu 10 County and Rehe Province were separated from Chaoyang and Fuxin 42 counties. The first governor of Jinzhou Province was Xu Hanqing. On July 1, 1937, Shengjin County was transformed into Jinzhou City, and the puppet provincial, city, and county offices were all located in Jinzhou. [1] On August 20, 1945, the puppet Manchukuo was destroyed, and Jinzhou Province was abolished.
