As we all know, during the Warring States Period was a very long battle during the war, which lasted 8 years. At that time, Qin State, which had the most comprehensive strength at the time, was also unable to lay down Zhao State in a short period of time. Even from 236 BC to 232 BC, Qin State was Zhao Guo completely resisted and could not start the strategic pace of eastward advancement at all. In addition, Qin State rested for 3 years, and finally took advantage of anti-intervention tactics to capture Zhao State in one fell swoop. The reason why Zhao Guo, who has experienced the Battle of Changping, has been able to contend with it for so many years cannot be ignored.
▲Zhao's territory during the Warring States Period
Zhao's underestimated political and economic power
For Qin's , Shangyang Reform has its own unique characteristics, and most people are familiar with it. The industrial development model emphasizes the law, protects the monarchy through the law, and implements the monarchy and centralization. But before Qin State implemented Shang Yang Reform, Zhao State already had a similar political management system. Zhao's general, , Zhao Yang reformed within his fief. In politics, Zhao Yang vigorously selects virtuous and talented people, treats them with courtesy and honors them; and Zhao Yang is good at listening. The opinions and suggestions of various wise ministers made Zhao Guo gradually become a gathering place for wise talents. He also reused various talents, such as , Dong Anyu, Yin Duo, etc.; and later Zhao Liehou’s reforms: Pay attention to benevolence and righteousness for politics; delay recruiting talents to serve as officials; save money and save money; conduct assessment and supervision of officials." Pay attention to the personal integrity of officials, pay attention to abiding by morality and justice, and those who are in politics in the DPRK must be honest and self-disciplined, and guard their own affairs. At that time, the State of Zhao already had a complete political system. Moreover, the scale of the iron smelting industry in the State of Zhao was huge, and the famous "king of steel" Zhuo Shi was also a native of the State of Zhao. At that time, the State of Zhao was the "economic and trade center",This is also the key reason why Zhao's cavalry was able to be so strong and defeated the Qin army several times.
▲Zhao Guo's iron smelting technology
Zhao Guo has very rich economic types and land resources. In terms of agricultural land, Zhao State has excellent topographical conditions such as Hetao Plain , North China Plain , and Taiyuan Basin . These places have flat terrain and abundant water resources, which are especially suitable for the growth of crops. The abundance of grain, silk and hemp can provide logistical support for the army, and there are pastures in the north, which enable the nomads of Zhao to develop, especially the war horses abound, and the animal husbandry is unmatched by all countries. This is also the king of Zhao Wuling. can reform an important factor for success. In addition, Zhao is located in a fortress. The surrounding countries rely on Zhao for ironware, horses, and all kinds of goods. There are many merchants in Zhao. The merchants of the Warring States period have high value. They shuttled in various countries and used their own Industrial advantages and geographical advantages have strengthened their own industries and provided important support and material guarantee for social development. All of these laid a solid foundation for being able to contend with Qin for many years and be undefeated for a long time.
▲Horse
Then move the capital to Handan. Zhao Jinghou just ascended the throne. With his vision, he advocated moving the capital to Handan, and also carried out a large-scale eastward expansion movement, so he launched a series of aggressive wars with Weiguo and Wei, the purpose of which was to consolidate the status and strength of the Zhao Kingdom after the capital was moved. . Handan was the first choice for Zhao Jinghou to move his capital at that time. For Zhao, it was a very wise choice. Handan is located on the plain, with many neighboring countries, and it is also an important transportation road, which is conducive to the strengthening of the ties between the state of Zhao and the princes and the establishment of friendly relations; and Handan has a developed economy and is a rare and fertile land. Another is that Handan is far away from nomads and is relatively safer. As early as the spring and autumn period of had the slogan "respect the king and fight against the barbarians".Especially Xirong Beidi, Nanman Dongyi , etc. It can be seen that nomadic people pose a great threat to Zhao State and even the entire Central Plains. The most important point in the relocation of the capital is that Handan is the overall direction of the Central Plains' struggle for hegemony and expansion. Almost all wars are territorial struggles. This is not only the most advantageous way to grow one's own country, but also an inevitable condition for historical development.
▲Handan in the Zhao Kingdom period
Finally, the capital of Bie Lixin. For the ancients, especially the Chinese, they were proud of keeping their promises, and Zhao Guoxin also played his role. It is recorded in "Hanshu·Geography" that Xindu existed when the three Jins were divided into Jin. Letters are an important strategic measure for a country to collect intelligence, which is particularly important because it is related to the victory or defeat of a war. In order to please Zhao Guo, the defeated Wei Guo sent people to send the best timber. In order to maintain his image of "words must be done, actions must be resolute", and to establish the status of Zhao in the eyes of the surrounding countries, and to establish the prestige of the country, he used the "good talents and rafters" offered by Wei to build Tantai in the penalty area. Therefore, Xingdi gained fame because of Xindu. And this move actually followed the Western Zhou Xinghou's emperor to make the princes in order to establish power, and Zhao Chenghou is notoriously good at conquering, so this approach also forced the princes to conquer. In addition, the later King Zhao Wuling issued a national policy of "Hufuqi Shooting" in Xindu, and carried out political and military reforms in Zhao's state, which further demonstrated the importance of Xindu's politics in Zhao's state.
▲Tantai Ruins
Therefore, the political and economic strength of Zhao is not as weak as people think. On the contrary, Zhao is actually ahead of other princes in political and economic aspects. An important reason for contending with Qin for many years.
Super military capabilities and team
Zhao’s military capabilities are beyond doubt. During the Warring States Period, the army that Zhao was first proud of was infantry.Known as "belt armor", this was a symbol of the military strength of the early Zhao State. In Zhaopo's Battle of the Huns , Li Mu and formed 50,000 infantrymen in the corps, and then defeated the Huns, making them afraid to enter the border of Zhao for more than 10 years. And this battle had a profound impact on future generations of infantry cavalry. The infantry of the State of Zhao is still so, and the combat power of the "Hufu Cavalry and Shooting" after the reform of King Zhao Wuling is even more brave. In the history book " Zizhi Tongjian ", there is a detailed record of the story of "Zhao Wuling King Hufu riding and shooting". King Zhao Wuling implemented the Hufu riding and shooting system and learned riding and shooting combat techniques from the Hus. Not only did Zhao's military strength be greatly improved, on the other hand, it was also to win the hearts of the nomads, reduce hostile forces, and strengthen the nomads. The sense of belonging of the nation. So under the leadership of King Zhao Wuling, he defeated Zhongshan Kingdom in one fell swoop, connected Zhao Kingdom into a whole, and then encircled and suppressed the nomads such as Donghu, Linhu, Loufan, etc. and won victory. . Since then, Zhao's comprehensive national strength has been greatly enhanced, and its military strength has grown rapidly, showing its mighty power.
▲Hu suit riding and shooting
Let me talk about Zhao's military team. Many historical books have recorded the peculiarities of Li Mu Lianpo 's military use. He was brave and invincible and defeated the enemy many times. Therefore, among the four famous generals in the Warring States period, Lianpo and Li Mu of the State of Zhao should be very brave and proficient military wizards. Speaking of Li Mu: Li Mu is a very famous general in history who has never lost. Not only does he have a good character, he is also comprehensive in dealing with interpersonal relationships, and he has shown his resourcefulness in the use of troops when fighting against the enemy. In the face of the relationship between the monarch and the minister, he emphasizes his independence as a general and his right to act quickly and conveniently. During the battle, the battle situation changes rapidly. A little carelessness is prone to major mistakes. You must respond in a timely manner to win the battle. As for the military-civilian relationship, He asked to do not disturb the people,Trying our best to win the support and cooperation of the people for the country's military activities is also an important reason why the people of Zhao State vigorously support the army. When dealing with the relationship between officers and soldiers, he treats his soldiers favorably. Whenever the war breaks, Li Mu will treat him with good wine and meat, in order to boost morale, not to let the soldiers and generals become discredited, and pay close attention to the relationship between officers and soldiers.
▲ Portrait of Li Mu
Li Mu spent almost his entire life on the battlefield. At first he guarded the border in the northern part of Zhao State to resist the Huns. Later, he went south to resist the Qin army’s eastward advance, and Li Mu gradually became the god of war. . His combat strategy is also praised by the world. First of all, we strive to strengthen our own strength. Only when we become stronger can we have the strength to resist foreign enemies. The second is to try to weaken and paralyze the enemy. This is Li Mu's usual tactic and an effective measure to defeat the enemy. Then, we strive to keep informed, understand the enemy's situation, and know ourselves and the enemy before we can win every battle. Second, we should strive to grasp the opportunity, which is particularly important in war. Finally, he believed that single-arm combat had its shortcomings, and all arms should work together. Li Hua in the Tang Dynasty once said in "An Ancient Battlefield Article": "What I heard: Shepherd Zhao's soldiers, breaks forests and hus, and opens thousands of miles. Flee the Huns". This is one of the victorious battles carried out by Li Mu taking full advantage of different arms. In the battle with the Huns, he wiped out hundreds of thousands of Huns cavalry in one fell swoop in just a few years. Qin’s Wang Jian also repeatedly defeated Li Mu and annihilated the Qin army more than 200,000. At that time, the fierce Qin army was unable to break through Li Mu’s tactical defenses. Li Mu was once the biggest obstacle to the unification of the six nations. It is enough to show his superb military command art, to have such a genius, to be familiar with history books, to study the art of war thoroughly, to know how to use the time and place to benefit people, and to be very good at weapons and machinery. This is the glory of Zhao Guo and the people of Zhao Liming.
▲Fighting on the battlefield
And the great general Lian, Zhao Zhiliang also. When the Five Nations Allied Forces defeated the Qi army, Le Yi cooperated with the famous general Le Yi back and forth to lead the army commander of the State of Zhao to go deep into the Qi territory and capture the Yangjin and Megatron princes. Then he moved to the Quartet,He successively attacked Qi State , Wei State and other places, and they all won a great victory. The most praised by later generations of Lian Po was his brave character, and his heroic deeds on the battlefield were also admired by the princes. And Zhao Guo not only has famous generals such as Li Mu and Lian Po, but also Pang Nuan, Le Cheng, Tian Dan, etc. as the leaders of the Zhao Kingdom, and has repeatedly defended Zhao against foreign enemies and blocked the enemy’s arrival. Commit.
▲Lianpo portrait
Now that there are so many generals and famous people who will stand by the defense line of Zhao Guo, the people's heart of holding the army and the heart of the soldiers are also guaranteed. On the battlefield, Zhao’s morale is very strong. It is not only the resentment from the bottom of his heart against Qin, but also his own integrity. Zhao and Qin have always been at odds, and they have gone through the battle of Changping Zhao. The country was defeated. At that time, the country of Zhao had already been weakened by a large amount of national power, and it had been fighting all the time. Everyone thought that the country of Zhao was already incomplete at this time and had no strength to fight back. But in fact, the strength of Zhao State had a certain foundation in the early stage. During the Battle of Changping, he could maintain a certain military strength against the surrounding Hu and Yan. This shows that Zhao State is not as dilapidated as people think. . Therefore, the Qin State's eastward movement was able to contain each other, and the Qin State was helpless. With a strong military capability and an elite military team, it can remain invincible for many years. Zhao Guo is a very powerful existence. Even if it is facing a strong opponent like Qin, it is not difficult to stalemate for several years. This is Zhao Guo. Demonstrated rich heritage and capabilities in the military.
Social Inclusiveness in the Zhao Kingdom
In the battle between nations, not only the military strength and the correct political orientation, but also the social tolerance of a country and the cohesion of the people , These are all necessary conditions for victory. The king of the Kingdom of Zhao originated from Shang Dynasty The aristocratic Ying surnamed Zhao. He was the descendant of the second son Ji Sheng, the second son of Fei Lian (蜚 Lian), a famous Shang dynasty, and was originally Zhao Hou. Later, Zhao failure was rescued by Chonger ,Returning to the state capital of Zhao State, Zhao Shuai served as the king of Zhao State and ruled the government until Han, Zhao, and Wei were divided into Jin. King Zhou Weilie ordered Zhao Liehou to Zhao Ji as the Hou, which can be seen. , The split of Zhao State gradually complicated the ethnic categories. In "Han Feizi: First Meeting with Qin", it is recorded: "The Zhao family is the country of the central government, and it is also home to many people. Its people are light and difficult to use." Many people say that Zhao has a variety of ethnic groups, and ethnic integration has always been It is a big problem, and this is also one of the important reasons that led to the destruction of the state of Zhao.
▲Human image
Actually otherwise, Zhao has various ethnic groups, which means that the country has a large population. This is the result of the eastward expansion movement and the reform of the "Hufu riding and shooting" The more the population, the higher the economic strength under the conditions of abundant economy and natural environment, and the more troops can be mobilized in wartime. This is the power of Zhao State. From Wang Wuling Zhao’s " Hufu riding and shooting", it is not difficult to see that, in order to better solve the problem of the Huns around Zhao Kingdom, Wang Wuling compulsory reform, wear Hufu for combat readiness exercises, win over ethnic minorities, and reduce hostility. , Finally conquered the neighboring countries of ethnic minorities and increased a lot of combat power. In addition, the difficult rise of the State of Zhao was brought about by reforms and reforms. In fact, it can be seen from this that the social tolerance of the State of Zhao is the right choice.
Summary
The battle of the Qin State to destroy Zhao can be said to be the most difficult. Some people say that the main reason why Qin destroyed Zhao for eight years is due to Li Mu. Don’t comment, Li Mu is indeed very important. factor. But the most important thing is that Zhao has a deep and strong foundation in terms of political and economic strength, military strength and military team, or in terms of humanities and society. The people of the State of Zhao are very united and hate the State of Qin. Therefore, the State of Qin is struggling to attack the State of Zhao. Not only must the army of the State of Zhao be defeated, but the people of the State of Zhao must be attacked one by one, and the people of the country are extremely unified. It is even more difficult to defeat him completely. So the battle between Qin and Zhao,It’s not unreasonable that it took such a long time.
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