In 12 months, the helicopter factory of the Rostov Helicopter Joint Company in Rostov-on-Don completed and delivered 15 Mi-28N attack helicopters to the Russian Air Force. Therefore, the "Havoc" helicopter became the first helicopter model put into mass production in the post-Soviet era for local operations.
▲ The assembly workshop of the Rostov Helicopter Joint Company. The foreground is 2 Mi-28N helicopters, and the background is several roughly completed Mi-35 helicopters.
Mi-28N helicopter is a type of Mi-28 attack helicopter capable of night combat (hence the suffix N stands for nochnoy-night). Its research and development began as early as the 1980s and has continued quite a bit. Long time. The Mi-28N prototype, code-named "White Contour 014", was put into flight test on November 14, 1996. Although it chose to produce the basic type "Havoc" helicopters that are only used in the daytime, the Mi-28N helicopters are designed to search and destroy armored vehicles, low-speed aerial targets (such as helicopters), and under any weather conditions day and night. Helicopter of enemy personnel.
Its night vision goggles (NVG) compatibility allows it to be used even at night when there is no starlight, hence the unofficial nickname "Night Hunter". The Mi-28N helicopter has a carrying capacity of 2400 kg (5290 pounds), a maximum flight speed of 305 km/h (189 mph), a practical ceiling of 5700 meters (no ground effect), and a range of 1,000 kilometers (621 miles) ). The power plant is two Klimov TV3-117VMA turboshaft engines with 2200 equivalent shaft horsepower.
▲ The "Blue 02" helicopter is the second Mi-28N attack helicopter in service in the front line.
In the past decades of local warfare, the experience of combat aircraft has shown that in most cases, when combat helicopters are exposed to the enemy, they will be hit by enemy air defense fire. This means that in order to survive, a combat helicopter needs to fly in a "underground nap (NOE)" style, using terrain features to stealth, jumping out of stealth at the last minute to attack, so as not to give the enemy time to engage in combat.
Although the range of visual information provided by various systems is increasing, it is difficult for a single pilot to cope with the task, but in the early 1990s, the single-seater Ka-50 "black The "Shark" (Blitter-A) helicopter still defeated the competition of the two-seater Mi-28 unsuffixed helicopter and was selected as the new attack helicopter of the Russian Army Aviation. The reason behind this decision is not fully understood. Some behind-the-scenes tricks may be tipping to support Kamov’s bid, but the military strongly opposes the Ka-50 helicopter — one of the reasons is that the aircraft is a single Another reason is that the aircraft uses an unconventional layout of reverse rotors (that is, although it is unconventional for a military helicopter, it is conventional for Kamov). They think this arrangement is dangerous because they feel that this arrangement will cause the risk of blade collision during severe maneuvers.
Finally, the military used their method to press the government to cancel the production of the Ka-50 helicopter (which is progressing at a "snail" pace); some completed "Black Shark" helicopters were delivered to Torzhok's 344th TsBPiPLS. At the turn of the century, when the Russian government officially adopted the task of reorganizing the armed forces, the results of the bidding were re-evaluated and finally decided to support the bidding plan of the Miri Design Bureau. The reason is "two-seater" and "single-seater", rather than "conventional" and "coaxial layout"-they realized that if a pilot is used to control the helicopter, the workload of the combat helicopter crew is simply too great. . The Mi-28 helicopter follows the traditional design concept of combat helicopters-"back seat driving, front seat shooting", and the weapon system operator detects, marks and destroys the target.
▲ This Ka-50 "Yellow 25" helicopter with paint scheme is one of several Ka-50 helicopters used by Torzhok's 344th TsBPiPLSA helicopter.
▲ The picture shows the origin of the model commonly known as "Black Shark". This Ka-50 "Yellow 26" helicopter is flying over the countryside near Torzhok . The helicopter is painted with a new badge and the logo of the Russian Air Force.
Kamov company has been mentally prepared for such an ending. Therefore, as early as 1994, the company had begun to develop the two-seater Ka-50 model, namely the Ka-52 "crocodile" Helicopter. Its combat capabilities are comparable to Mi-28N helicopters. The Russian government decided to order a small amount of "crocodile" helicopters as a professional observation and strike helicopter to support the special forces operations of the Ministry of the Interior, the Federal Security Bureau (FSB) and the Army .
▲ The second prototype Ka-52 "Alligator" ("Yellow 062") and the third pre-production helicopter ("Yellow 53") are taking pictures The carrier aircraft flies in formation, which carries the auxiliary fuel tank and the flat double-sided test equipment pod.
As mentioned above, the Mi-28N helicopter is based on the daytime Mi-28 unsuffixed helicopter (this type is sometimes called Mi-28A helicopter). But in any case, the difference between these two models is quite obvious. Not to mention the new mission avionics kit, the Mi-28N helicopter also uses a different powertrain (with a new final drive), as well as many details of the fuselage and system components.
The effective armor protection and heavy equipment of the Mi-28 unsuffixed helicopter are retained. The Mi-28N helicopter uses a 30mm 2A42 cannon that can optionally fire high-explosive shells/fragment shells or armor-piercing shells. The cannon is installed in a lower nose turret controlled by a photoelectric sighting system. Although the cannon is generally operated by the weapon system operator, the pilot can also operate it through the helmet sight (HMS) if necessary.
The important thing is that the 2A42 cannon is the same weapon as the cannons installed on the Russian Army’s BMP-2 and BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicles. This means that there is no problem with ammunition supply. Missile weapons include 9M39 Igla-V (Igla-V) air-to-air missile, 9M120V Ataka-V (Ataka-V) anti-tank missile (ATGM) and its predecessor, 9M114 Shtoorm-V missile (which was widely used in Mi- 24V/Mi-24P and Ka-29TB attack helicopters). The supersonic Higuera-V air-to-air missile is used for self-defense against enemy aircraft and helicopters. All these missiles can be used within a radius of 6 kilometers (3.72 miles).
When flying over the battlefield with intensive anti-aircraft fire, the helicopter is in danger of being hit every time; this leads designers to pay attention to the survivability and functional design of the aircraft. Its engines are installed on both sides of the fuselage, that is, on both sides of the final drive, which avoids the risk of simultaneous damage to the two engines in a single blow.
This engine has automatic power reserve. If one engine fails, the other good engine will continue to work; in addition, if the main reducer and tail rotor reducer are severely damaged in a blow, they can be without lubrication Operate safely for a few minutes with oil. The cockpit has a full range of armor protection, and key system components are backed up to improve survivability and provide mutual protection arrangements. All these designs allow the Mi-28N helicopter to exit the "kill zone" safely.
The protection of air-to-air missiles and surface-to-air missiles is provided by the following systems:
●Active electronic countermeasures (ECM) and infrared countermeasures (IRCM) jammers;
●Missile warning system ( Radar warning receiver and laser beam detector);
●UV-26 infrared countermeasure tracer dispenser.
Mi-28N helicopter system and equipment control have been integrated into a common system, so the number of switches and buttons is kept to a minimum. All relevant parameters (system status, weapon status, navigation data, etc.) are displayedOn the 3 multi-function LCD displays in each cockpit, mechanical instruments are reserved for use as a backup system. Mi-28N helicopter has an integrated data processing system with 3 large computers and some peripheral processors; all processors are compatible with IBM PC, so it is easy to develop corresponding software for it.
The system utilizes a modern processor with an open architecture, making it easy to upgrade to cope with new tasks or to cope with specific conditions required by a given battlefield. In order to reduce the fatigue of the crew members and allow them to work effectively at night, a non-active light-emitting display was used; more attention was paid to the human-machine function of the cockpit.
▲ The weapon system operator's dashboard of a Mi-28N helicopter, which is equipped with 3 multi-function displays and some mechanical instruments, including an aviation horizon.
Mi-28N helicopter's integrated avionics package can realize manual and automatic "underground nap (NOE)" flight during the mission. The Phazotron-NIIR "Arbalet" mast radar that is ready to be installed can detect obstacles, including individual trees and high-voltage power lines, even in harsh weather conditions at 5 meters to 15 meters (16 feet to 50 feet). Feet); however, all the latest production Mi-28N helicopters still lack this feature. The Mi-28N helicopter is equipped with NVG and a built-in thermal imaging system that can scan the airspace ahead and on both sides.
▲ The "Blue 17" helicopter, the latest "Holocaust" helicopter delivered to the Budjunovsk troops.
The helicopter is equipped with a high-definition surveying and mapping system and a digital terrain database covering the theater. Using this database, the data processing system can generate a three-dimensional map of the terrain ahead, which can be correlated with satellite navigation data. The avionics kit also includes a magnetic compass system, a communication system, etc. Once the target has been determined, if necessary, the division of labor between the two helicopters of an attack combination can also be carried out. The Mi-28N helicopter will concealedly jump out of stealth and attack the selected target or instruct other aircraft or helicopters to attack aims.
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