In June 1935, the Hongyi and the Fourth Front Army met in Maogong County, northwest Sichuan Province. Maogong County has now been renamed Xiaojin County , and is affiliated to Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. Red Army The three snow-capped mountains, the Jinshan Mountain, the Mengbishan Mountain, and the Balangshan Mountain, and the Balangshan Mountain, were all within Maogong territory. Shortly after the meeting between Maogong, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a meeting to decide that the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army were divided into two routes across the grassland and heading north, and mixed the Red One and Red Fourth Front Army into the right and left armies.
Right Route Army includes the 1st and 3rd Army of the Red First Front Army in Maoergai area, the 4th and 30th Army of the Red Fourth Front Army, most of the Military Commission Column and the newly established Red Army University, led by Xu Xiangqian, Chen Changhao, and Ye Jianying to gather northward and go to Banyou through grassland. Chairman Mao, Zhang Wentian, Zhou Enlai and other central leaders followed the Right Route Army.
Left Route Army includes the 9th Army, 31st Army and 33rd Army of the Red Fourth Front Army in Zhuokeji and the south of the Red Fourth Front Army, the 5th Army, 32nd Army and a small part of the Military Commission Column. They were led by Zhu De, Zhang Guotao and Liu Bocheng to gather northward, and went to Aba through grassland, and then to Banyou to meet with the Right Route Army.
Because Zhang Guotao had ulterior motives and was self-respecting, he insisted on going south and refused to go north, trying to compete with the Party Central Committee and issued a threat, which led to a regrettable incident of division of troops on grassland, which was September 9 of that year.
Forced by helplessness, Chairman Mao made a quick decision and resolutely decided to lead the troops of the First Red Front Army and the troops directly under the Military Commission to advance north quickly.
The troops of the Central Plains Red Fourth Front Army of the Right Army were all set off and went south according to Zhang Guotao's opinion. These people walked away cleanly, not even a single groom was left.
The Red Army, which had been in the process of joining the army, once again caused a split.
Chairman Mao said many times at that time: Going south is a dead end. The facts later fully proved a correct conclusion. After the Red Fourth Front Army was led by Zhang Guotao, it was severely defeated by the Sichuan Army and failed to enter the Chengdu Plain . It was Qinghai-Tibet Plateau . There was only one road north left, and later it had to go north.
Xu Xiangqian, commander-in-chief of the Red Fourth Front Army who followed Zhang Guotao to the south, sighed in his memoir "Review of History": "My lofty strategic vision and extraordinary spirit of Chairman Mao were truly recognized after the twists and turns of the south."
Chairman Mao's great foresight is beyond the imagination. After the grassland division, Chairman Mao led the 1st Army and the 3rd Army of the Red Front Army in the former right-wing army and the troops directly under the Military Commission to fight every second, and decisively head north and escape from danger. The next day, on September 11, we arrived in Gaoji Village, Dala Township, Diebu County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province.
On September 12, the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Party Central Committee was held in Gaoji Village, and extensive discussions were held on a series of issues such as Zhang Guotao's mistakes in splitting the party and splitting the Red Army and reorganizing the troops. The meeting decided that in order to narrow the goals and facilitate action, the main force of the Red First Front Army and the troops directly under the Military Commission were reorganized into the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, with three columns under its jurisdiction and more than 7,000 people. Peng Dehuai was appointed commander, Chairman Mao was appointed political commissar, Lin Biao was appointed deputy commander and commander of the first column, and Wang Jiaxiang was appointed director of the political department.
On the fourth day after the meeting, I captured the natural barrier Lazikou in the northeast of Diebu County , and opened a further northward passage.
htmlOn September 20, Chairman Mao led the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment to Hadapu in the northwest of Dangchang County, Longnan, Gansu. From the newspapers collected here, we learned about the Red Army activities in northern Shaanxi, and Liu Zhidan was the leader.Chairman Mao was overjoyed, and he immediately presided over a meeting of cadres at the League and above, and clearly stated: Go to northern Shaanxi!
troops continued to advance and arrived at Liupanshan in Guyuan, Ningxia.
The enemy is catching up.
Chasing the enemy is the 37th Army of the Kuomintang Army. The former army was He Yaozu's unit of the Hunan Army. In August 1926, He Yaozu led the 1st Division of the Hunan Army to break up with Zhao Hengti, commander-in-chief of the Hunan Army. His troops were organized into the 2nd Independent Division, which was expanded into the 8th Division a few months later.In August 1932, in order to strengthen the encirclement and suppression of the Central Soviet Area and the Red Army, Chiang Kai-shek expanded the 8th Division into the 37th Army, and Mao Bingwen served as the commander. After the Central Red Army's Long March, the army was transferred to the northwest region to continue to encircle and suppress the Red Army during the Long March.
At this time, Li Ying's troops from the 24th Division of the 37th Army of the Kuomintang had already reached the front lines of Jingning and Longde . The 22nd Brigade of Tao Zhiyue's troops of the 8th Division had chased to the west side of Liupanshan, and followed closely behind the Red Army. Chiang Kai-shek also urgently ordered the Seventh Cavalry Division of the Northeast Army, Menshangpu, Qingshizui and Kaicheng, on the eastern foot of Liupan Mountain, to guard and intercept the Red Army. There are also cavalry troops of He Zhuguo
stationed north of Liupan Mountain, and one of the 35th Division of Ma Hongbin is stationed on the Third Battalion and Heicheng.The Red Army obtained intelligence and said that two cavalry companies of the 19th Regiment of the 7th Division of the 37th Army of the Kuomintang advanced from the east side of Liupanshan to Qingshizui, Kaicheng Township, Guyuan County.
must not be lost! Chairman Mao judged the situation and believed that it was difficult to move eastward to northern Shaanxi, and that persimmons must be picked up and pinched. The enemy forces in the Qingshizui area were relatively weak, and the Red Army could only break out of the enemy's encirclement by fighting from here.
On October 7, Chairman Mao presided over a combat meeting and decided to eat and eliminate the two cavalry companies that destroyed Qingshizui. He personally deployed: the first and fifth brigades of the first column attacked from both wings, with the fourth brigade being the main attack and the guards of the thirteenth brigade covering them, and must wipe out the enemy completely.
The commander of the first column of the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment is Lin Biao (also served as deputy commander of the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment), and the political commissar is Nie Rongzhen; the captain of the first brigade is Yang Dezhi, and the political commissar is Xiao Hua ; the captain of the fourth brigade is Huang Kaixiang , and the political commissar is Yang Chengwu ; the captain of the fifth brigade is Zhang Zhenshan, and the political commissar is Lai Chuanzhu. The captain of the 13th Brigade is Chen Geng and the political commissar is Deng Fei.
These brigades of the first column of the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment are very powerful. Under the specific command of Lin Biao, they quickly arranged troops to form a force of transforming into a clamp-shaped encirclement of the Kuomintang cavalry that had reached Qingshizui.
This battle was done beautifully. The enemy who was throwing his armor was beaten to the ground for teeth, and both cavalry companies were annihilated, and our army won completely.
The defending enemy north of Liupanshan He Zhuguo's troops sent a cavalry regiment to reinforce, and were blocked by the 13th Battalion, which was the guard cover mission. The enemy retreated and the road was cleared. The Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment rushed to the east and finally arrived in northern Shaanxi.
Liupan Mountain is the last mountain that the Red Army crossed during the Long March.
The battle of Qingshizui completely shattered the Kuomintang's plan to encircle and suppress the Red Army in the Liupanshan area. It is one of the important examples of the Red Army's entire war of annihilation of the Kuomintang cavalry in the history of the Red Army. It was a battle with the largest number of horses, the most materials, and no casualties captured on the Long March. It was also the beginning of the Red Army's formation of cavalry units. In this battle, more than 400 enemy troops were wiped out and more than 200 war horses were seized. Chairman Mao decided to use the seized war horses to form the first cavalry reconnaissance company of the Central Red Army.
After the end of this battle, Chairman Mao, Zhang Wentian, Wang Jiaxiang and others visited the towering Liupan Mountains together. There are three provinces here, but northern Shaanxi is not in sight.
Chairman Mao was excited about his poems and then recited the poem " Long March Ballad ": "The sky is high and the clouds are light. I hope that the geese return to the south will be broken. I will not be a hero until the Great Wall! Comrades, I have already traveled 20,000! Comrades, I have already traveled 20,000! Liupan Mountain is high and the red flag is swept the west wind. Today I have long tassels. When will I bind the Canglong? Comrades, when will I bind the Canglong?"
This catchy "Long March Ballad" was later revised by Chairman Mao 8 times and became his proud work in his poems - " Qingpingle·Liupan Mountain ". The content is what people read today: the sky is high and the clouds are light, and I hope that the geese fly south will be broken. Not a hero is not a man, but he is just a short trip of 20,000. The peaks on Liupan Mountain are rising, and the red flags are swept with the west wind. Today, the long tassels are in your hand, when will the blue dragon be bound?
has a broad artistic conception and rich meaning, with ups and downs, and can be regarded as a masterpiece of eternal sings.
Liupan Mountain is also known as the "mountain of victory dawn" of the Red Army's Long March because of this poem by Chairman Mao.
days will cause unexpected events, and people will have good fortune and good fortune at any time.What is little known is that on the night of the battle of Qingshizui, a major tragedy in the history of the Red Army occurred - more than 300 Red Army commanders and fighters stationed in a camp outside Gengwan Town, Liupanshan District died mysteriously!
The next day, on the morning of October 8, Chairman Mao was shocked by the report of the bad news that was urgently sent. He strictly ordered the Security Bureau to investigate the murderer quickly.
The direct reason for the death of these commanders and soldiers was because they drank spring water in the wild.
If the spring water itself is poisonous, why hasn’t the local people been poisoned to death for many years? At that time, everyone thought that the enemy's special forces poisoned these Red Army soldiers, but after the organization's forces solved the case, there was no progress in the slightest progress and became a unsolved case.
Peng Dehuai, who was the commander of the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment at the time, later talked about this matter in his self-report and was still heartbroken: more than 300 people did not fall down during the enemy's siege, but fell silently at the moment when the Long March was about to end. Why isn't it extremely heartbreaking!
After arriving in northern Shaanxi, Chairman Mao sent a special person to Gengwan Town to solve the case again, but there was still no result.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Chairman Mao has not forgotten about this matter and has arranged for Zhou Enlai to investigate the matter. Premier Zhou Enlai has investigated important spy cases and spy cases across the country, but still has no clue.
This case has been solved by the Ministry of Public Security as the top priority, but in the end there was no progress because no clues or strong evidence were found.
This mystery was not solved until 1989, 54 years later.
In the autumn of 1989, a regiment of the People's Liberation Army stationed in Ningxia was ordered to go to the eastern foot of Liupan Mountain to conduct geological surveys to help local people solve their water draw difficulties.
is like this. In order to complete this task, the regiment's hydrogeological engineers Wang Senlin and Wang Xueyin came to Gengwan Town.
Gengwan Town is the place where more than 300 Red Army commanders and fighters died unexpectedly that year.
Wang Senlin and Wang Xueyin are determined to find out the "real murderer".
After in-depth investigation, they found that the content of potassium ions and sodium ions in the springs and ditches in Gengwan Town is ridiculously high. This water is bitter and salty, but it is not fatal after drinking.
The two also found that some bubbles would pop up from time to time in the spring near the Red Army soldiers' death site. After extraction, they found that the gas was cyanogas .
cyanide is an inorganic compound , which is composed of two elements: carbon and nitrogen. Under standard conditions, cyanide is a colorless gas with bitter almond flavor. When cyanide is combined with potassium, it becomes potassium cyanide, which combines with sodium to produce sodium cyanide. These two compounds are highly toxic. Once the human body consumes more than 50 micrograms, it will cause blocking death in the central nervous system of .
cyanide is one of the strongest and fastest-acting toxic drugs known to people.
, these two cyanides should be the culprits that killed Red Army commanders and soldiers. In the spirit of science, the two of them used the retrieved samples to go through dozens of tests in the laboratory, and finally confirmed that the Red Army commanders and soldiers inhaled excessive cyanide gas and drank spring water, and eventually died of poisoning.
After further investigation, it was found that geological activities here are not frequent, and cyanide overflow is relatively rare, and it happened to be encountered by the Red Army commanders and soldiers. This explains why very few local people have died.
The truth is revealed at this point! This conclusion can comfort the spirit of the more than 300 Red Army commanders and fighters in heaven. (Liu Jixing)
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