In China, we cannot easily draw conclusions on many things, because not only outsiders do not know, but we don’t even know how much energy we have. For example, thirteen years ago, the then US Defense Secretary Gates said that we would not have a fourth-generation aircraft within ten years. As a result, the 2001 verification aircraft of the J-20 soared into the sky. After five years of test flights, the new generation J-20, equipped with domestic engines, is now being mass-produced, and is being mass-produced. The scale of the J-20 has exceeded the F-22.
new batch of turbofan-10C engines equipped with J-20
will turn its attention to a higher space. Ten years ago, we could predict that we can implement major aerospace projects simultaneously in low-Earth orbit, the moon, and the Mars ?
multiple lines and
Although we cannot predict the future, we set ambition half a century ago "must catch up with and exceed the world's advanced level in the near future" , and strive for it.
Our goal must be able to achieve
Recently, there is another case, which is the Tianzhou 5 cargo spacecraft successfully implemented 2-hour rapid rendezvous and docking process of the Tiangong Space Station. This is the fastest rendezvous and docking record in the operation history of human manned space stations. What is even more rare is that this is not technical verification, but popularization in subsequent missions, so that my country's manned spacecraft rendezvous and docking technology is at the world's leading level.
Tianzhou 5 cargo spacecraft
Tianzhou spacecraft is not only an important tool for the transportation of cargo in the Tiangong Space Station, but also a right-hand assistant for the verification of new technologies. The 2-hour rapid rendezvous and docking technology was verified related technologies as early as the Tianzhou 2 mission. The rendezvous and docking process of
manned spacecraft can be roughly divided into "remote guidance section" and "short-range guidance section". The remote guidance section is to guide the spacecraft to the bottom of after space station, and then start the short-range guidance section.
The remote guidance section that was previously autonomous and rapid rendezvous and docking required 6 orbital pulses to reach 5 kilometers below the space station, while Tianzhou V only needed 2 orbital pulses to reach about 4.5 kilometers below the space station.
Tianzhou 5 came to the space station assembly and "middle aiming point"
In the past, the short-range guidance section usually set a total of 4 berths, 5 kilometers, 400 meters, 200 meters, and 19 meters. This time, the 5 kilometers and 200 meters of berths were directly cancelled. After the long-range guidance section of the spacecraft ended, it directly entered the 400-meter berths, and then crossed the 200-meter berths and directly entered the 19-meter berths. After the status check and switching are performed at this point, the final rendezvous and docking operation is implemented.
19m berthing point
is very simple to achieve rapid rendezvous and docking, which is to reduce the number of flight laps for tracking the aircraft and the target rendezvous, but it is difficult to practice. It requires more precise direction adjustment of the target aircraft (space station), higher rocket orbital accuracy, and higher tracking aircraft orbital control accuracy. It is a systematic engineering technology that accurately cooperates with multiple parties in the world.
Tianzhou-5 docking agency captured
Looking back on the not-to-distance past, just over a year ago, when Tianzhou-2 carried out a 7.5-hour fast rendezvous and docking mission, there was such a voice. "Compared with the 3-hour fast rendezvous and docking of the Russian Soyuz-5 spacecraft, it was too slow." Little did they know that this was the technical ability they mastered more than half a century after entering the field of manned spacecraft.
Where are us? The first spacecraft of the space station has been reduced from the past two days to 7.5 hours. What is the development speed? In addition, with the large platform of space station, isn’t it natural for faster rendezvous and docking? Tianzhou 5 gave the answer with facts, and the entire meeting was no more than 114 minutes, and it even took less than two hours.
days and the core cabin backward are arranged around the interface of various rendezvous sensors
spacecraft rendezvous and docking is an essential core technical capability for building and operating large manned space stations. In the two-step mission of manned space engineering, the Shenzhou 7 , which aims to master astronauts' out-of-cabin technology, was launched before the Shenzhou 8, which aims to master space rendezvous and docking technology, which shows the difficulty of the latter.
manned spacecraft for the first time rendezvous and docking: Shenzhou 8 docks the Tiangong 1 target vehicle (dynamic screen is accelerated)
In order to fully master this technical capability, during the Tiangong 1 target vehicle mission, three Shenzhou spacecraft continuously verified unmanned rendezvous and docking, manned rendezvous and docking, and manned rendezvous and docking. During the Tiangong 2 Space Laboratory mission, Tianzhou 1 cargo spacecraft verified omnidirectional docking capabilities.
Astronaut Liu Wang controls the Shenzhou Nine spacecraft and the Tiangong-1 rendezvous and docking
Shenzhou Nine's first manual rendezvous and docking screen
Look again now, the spacecraft rendezvous and docking technology has indeed achieved "cabbage" for us. Based on the experience of 10 rendezvous and docking missions, we have taken the lead in mastering the extraterrestrial celestial orbit unmanned rendezvous and docking technology through the Chang'e-5 mission, and successfully transferred the lunar soil packaging container carried by the ascender to the returner. To this day, this is still the only one in the world. Next, we must conquer the Mars orbit rendezvous and docking technology with a farther and higher difficulty on this basis, and then realize the Mars sampling and return mission.
Chang'e-5 "ascender" and "orbit return combination" lunar orbit rendezvous and docking
"fast" in rapid rendezvous and docking, and the fast technology iteration, why can we "fast"?
A critic from the other side of the ocean said this, because China's motivation is not oil, but its savings, hard work and homework - that is, it is willing to sacrifice to achieve the greatness of the country and emphasize education and science, which is what we used to be.
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