" We believe that your current actions are attempting to cover up your reorganization of war preparedness with hypocritical peace negotiations, including seducing Japanese reactionaries to China and massacre the Chinese people with you;... We have the right to order you to re-arrest Okamura Yanji , and you are responsible for escorting the People's Liberation Army according to the time and place we will notify you. "
1949 On the evening of January 27, 1949, a notice was issued from Xibaipo, Pingshan County, and soon appeared in many newspapers. The statement was harshly worded, and even used the word "command".
What is somewhat surprising is that it was Chairman Mao, the leader of the Communist Party of China, who issued the notice. The recipient of the notice was the Kuomintang military group led by Chiang Kai-shek . At that moment when three major battles were all victorious and the People's Liberation Army was planning to cross the river, Chairman Mao "ordered" the Kuomintang, which was somewhat surprising. So what exactly happened that caused Chairman Mao to do this? It turned out that this was because a person had just been acquitted in a court in Nanjing. And this person is Okamura Yasuji, the former commander of the Japanese invaders in North China.
The crime-ridden invader
Okamura Yanji was born in Tokyo, Japan in 1884. His family has almost strict educational requirements for him, and daily study must be completed quantitatively. Under this high pressure, Okamura Yanji learned very quickly and entered the Japanese Army School’s kindergarten class at the age of 13.
The Japanese army school is actually a big dye vat that instills militarism. After studying in it, Okamura Yasuji gradually gave up his kind side of human nature, leaving only absurd ideas such as "being loyal to the emperor and expanding Japan's living space."
1915, he came to Qingdao, China and set foot on China's land for the first time. Since then, he started as a spy and became a vanguard of the Japanese invaders little by little. " September 18th Incident ", "January 28th Incident", and the " Tanggu Armistice Agreement " that later lost power and humiliated the country, all of which were Okamura Yasuji.
1937, Anti-Japanese War broke out in full swing. At this time, Okamura Yasuji accidentally did a good thing: he recorded some details of the Nanjing Massacre in his diary. He once wrote: "HTM1's front-line troops have always used the excuse of supply difficulties to execute prisoners in large numbers, which has become a bad habit. During the Nanjing Battle , the number of people slaughtered as many as 40,000 to 50,000, and many people plundered and raped citizens. " These things have become important materials for future research on this history.
Of course, Okamura Yasuji's "credit" this time can only be regarded as "no intentional good". The evil of his nature was still exposed in the war.
Since 1938, Okamura Yasuji led his troops to participate in a series of battles such as Wuhan, Nanchang , Changsha, Yichang , and summarizing experiences and lessons while fighting. He did have some tactical minds, so he quickly summarized these experiences and lessons and wrote them into the "Outline of Jiangnan Operations Guidance".
It can be said that this outline is the most complete battlefield guidance manual after the Japanese invasion of China. Among them, there are a lot of contents about how to besiege our army, how to burn, kill and plunder the people, and how to surrender and accept rebellion. This is the most powerful evidence of the Japanese invasion of China.
In 1940, Okamura Yasuji became the commander of the Japanese army in North China. Immediately, he launched a series of cruel blockade measures, targeting the Eighth Route Army.
Okamura Yanji divided North China into the so-called " public security zone ", "quasi-public security zone", and "non-public security zone", corresponding to our "enemy-occupied areas", "guerrilla zone" and "anti-Japanese base areas". Next, he adopted the " cage policy " for these areas, and separated the base area from cities and villages through a large number of bunkers, artillery towers and barbed wire, trying to trap the Eighth Route Army. After the cage was completed, Okamura Yasuji began to send troops to mobilize and clear the countryside, and implemented the " Three Light Policy " to burn, kill and grab all of them in the base areas, making the people of North China miserable.He launched five so-called " Public Security Strengthening Movement ", causing huge losses to the Eighth Route Army and the base areas. The performance of
on the Chinese battlefield has gradually made Okamura Yanji gradually reach the peak of his life. In 1944, he became the commander-in-chief of the Japanese Chinese Expeditionary Army and was awarded the rank of general. This position was exchanged for the blood of the Chinese people.
pleased Chiang Kai-shek and escaped punishment for the first time
On August 15, 1945, Japan announced its surrender. Only then did Okamura Yasuji's sinful behavior come to an end. As the Japanese army began to surrender to the Chinese army, Okamura Yasuji also handed over his sabre.
For these demons who harm the Chinese people, snatch Chinese resources, and encroach on Chinese territory, even if they kill them a hundred times, it will be difficult to relieve the hatred in the hearts of the Chinese people. However, the world at this time has established a complete legal mechanism. In order to make the crimes of Japanese war criminals clear, they were sent to Military Court .
Soon, Britain and the United States and other allies established Far East International Military Tribunal in Tokyo, and sent 28 major Japanese war criminals to the dock. Among these people are notorious demons such as Tojo Hideki and Doihara Kenji. In the end, 7 of them were sentenced to hang , and 16 were unable to escape from prison for life.
Military courts have been established in Shenyang, Nanjing and other places in China, respectively, used to trial hundreds of Japanese war criminals. Among them, there are , Tani Suo and others who created the Nanjing Massacre. Just as they swallowed the bitter fruit of their sins with tears in their eyes, Okamura Yasuji, who should have been pushed to the dock, disappeared without a trace.
was originally at Okamura's level and was sent to Tokyo for trial. The Far East International Military Tribunal also repeatedly asked Chiang Kai-shek to escort Okamura Yasuji. However, Chiang Kai-shek was always procrastinating and looking for various reasons to refuse and procrastinate. It turned out that he had secretly engaged in a sinful deal with Okamura Yasuji.
It turns out that after Japan surrendered to , more than 1.2 million defeated soldiers remained in China. Although they can no longer do evil, they still have a lot of weapons and ammunition in their hands. Some of these Japanese stations are very close to the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army. If they surrender and surrender, the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army will not only have the right to accept it, but will also get the first month of the water.
At this time, Chiang Kai-shek was already brewing civil war , and of course he did not want the Communist troops to have more weapons. Therefore, he appointed Okamura Yasuji as the "General Liaison Officer of Japan's Aftermath of the Chinese Theater" to command Japanese defeated soldiers. He could not surrender to the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, but could only surrender guns to the Kuomintang troops.
Okamura's intervention made it very difficult for the Communist army to receive surrender. The Japanese army in many regions refused to surrender to the Communist forces. Sometimes the two armies are tense and new battles will occur. The final result is naturally the benefit of the Kuomintang army.
In this way, Chiang Kai-shek occupied a large number of Japanese occupied areas and weapons and ammunition through the coordination of Okamura Yasuji.
Of course, Okamura Yasuji was not "helping" in vain. In addition to his promise of exemption from prosecution, he also enjoyed a private mansion, a car and a guard, and everything was only slightly worse than when he did not surrender. This old Japanese devil who has endangered China for decades is still a heroic act on China's land.
At the beginning of the Liberation War, Okamura Yasuji's treatment improved again. Chiang Kai-shek met him in person many times and asked him for advice on how to deal with the Communist troops.
Okamura Yasuji said everything, and wrote military articles such as "Encircling the point and fighting aid is the combat characteristics of the Communist Army" and "Annihilation of the Communist Army with concentrated forces", and taught them all their experience in dealing with the Eighth Route Army.
This is not counting. Okamura Yanji even became a senior military adviser to the Kuomintang troops, helping them analyze the situation and plan their plans on the battlefield. His hands were once again stained with Chinese blood.
Strange and shameless trial
In early 1948, Chiang Kai-shek received a note from the Far East International Military Tribunal: Okamura Yanji was extradited to Tokyo for trial as soon as possible.
At this time, Okamura Yasuji was recuperating in Shanghai, which was a leisurely and leisurely place. His sanitation area was closely protected by the Shanghai Guard Command, and outsiders could hardly see him.
Of course, Chiang Kai-shek did not want to send his senior adviser to trial, so he once again vacates the Far East International Military Tribunal on the grounds that Okamura Yanji was in poor health. However, he could not suppress the domestic trial of Okamura Yasuji. Finally, on July 7, 1948, Okamura Yasuji received a summons from the military court in Shanghai.
Strangely, in the following month, the court never held a trial. Finally, in August, seeing that the public opinion was really hard to suppress, Chiang Kai-shek took Okamura Yanji to the war criminal prison in Gaojing Temple in Shanghai.
However, he lived in a "luxury single room" in prison, not only with a superior environment, but also with good food and warm clothes. In addition, Chiang Kai-shek also sent someone to send a "reassurance" to Okamura Natsuji. He asked someone to send a message to Okamura Natsuji: This trial is a show of public opinion, just a formality, and Okamura Natsuji will never be sentenced to death in the end.
That's it, Okamura Yasuji lived in the prison room with confidence and boldness, waiting for the court date to arrive.
On August 23, the Shanghai Military Court opened. The Shanghai Senate Building where the court is located was crowded with onlookers. At the court's trial, thousands of people attended the trial, including more than a hundred journalists, ready to report historic moments at any time.
At 7 o'clock in the morning, Okamura Yasuji got out of the prison cart under the escort of the military police and began to enter the court. At this time, the onlookers were in full swing, and they cursed the invaders in the most vicious language. Even with Chiang Kai-shek's "peace of mind" blessing, Okamura Yasuji was still so scared that he was afraid to look up by the momentum of the Chinese people.
The presiding judge of this court was the famous judge at that time and the Kuomintang major general Shi Meiyu . He was the one who once sent Tani Shouo to a dead end. In this trial of Okamura Yasuji, he was determined to win and made all preparations.
But as soon as the trial started, the reporters were stunned. On the dock in the court, a leather chair with a high backrest and a comfortable shape was placed. Not to mention sitting for war criminals, even if many quasi-senior officers have a meeting, they may not be able to sit on it. Is Chiang Kai-shek giving Okamura Nishi a high courtesy? Should he be a trial or a tea?
After the trial began, Okamura Yanji's attitude was very stubborn and arrogant. He either denied the allegations against him, or he was acting on order. He even said that some of his practices actually protected the National Government and were China's "meritorious minister".
However, judges and judges who have already grasped a lot of evidence will never allow him to speak nonsense. Soon, they opened their fire and listed a large amount of evidence. In the face of iron evidence, Okamura Yasuji was speechless.
Trial proceeded very quickly, and by almost noon, the case could almost be closed. At this time, Shi Meiyu announced an adjournment and everyone started having lunch. They continued to discuss the case while having a meal, determined to sentence Okamura Yanji to death.
However, at this moment, Deputy Minister of National Defense Qin Dechun called. He asked Shi Meiyu to suspend the trial and send Gangmura Yanji back to prison. When will the retrial be heard, we must obey the orders of the National Government. Even though Shi Meiyu was unwilling to accept it, she had to act on orders.
And the next day, Okamura Yasuji suddenly said that he was sick and needed to seek medical parole for . So he walked out of the prison, got on the car that came to pick him up, and came to , the Ministry of National Defense, .
It turned out that at this time, the three major battles had begun, and Chiang Kai-shek was in power and needed Okamura Yasuji to give him advice.
However, at this time the war is no longer something that manpower can change. The People's Liberation Army was unstoppable all the way in Jiangbei and successfully won the three major battles, and then they deployed troops on the north bank of the Yangtze River.
At this time, Chiang Kai-shek had already powered Shiratsu, and Okamura Yanji's protective umbrella seemed to have been removed.Therefore, this extremely evil war criminal received a summons again on January 24, 1949, and walked into the dock again on the 26th.
This trial is not public, so there are not as many onlookers as the first trial. However, more than 20 reporters were still present.
The specific trial process has nothing to say, it almost replicates the process of the first trial. It was noon soon, and Shi Meiyu announced the recession again and everyone had lunch.
In a small conference room, Shi Meiyu took out two documents from a briefcase for the judges present to take a look. These two documents were published by Acting President Li Zongren and Beijing Shanghai Hangzhou Security Commander Tang Enbo . The above content is almost the same, all of which say that Okamura Yasuji's repatriation of prisoners was made and he should be acquitted. Files like
will of course be opposed by everyone at the scene. At this time, Shi Meiyu sighed and took out another copy of the "Okamura Yasuji Judgment" stamped with the seal of the Ministry of National Defense, and asked the other judges to sign it. The verdict still says: "Okamura Yasuji is not guilty."
Several judges were instantly furious and said that they would not sign and agree no matter what. Is this eternal infamy that I can bear to let Okamura escape punishment in his own hands?
However, Shi Meiyu lowered her voice and told them another secret: in the room next door, there were five judges assigned by the Ministry of Defense. If several of the people present refuse to sign, they will immediately take over the case and sign the document. And the current judges will be immediately sent to the detention center of the Shanghai Garrison Command, and it will never be possible to see the light of day again. Under the threat of
, everyone had no choice but to sign the verdict. In this way, Okamura Yasuji was acquitted on that afternoon!
After the trial
When the verdict was read out, everyone present, including Okamura Yasuji, was shocked. The Chinese were shocked that this invader who had committed many crimes would be acquitted by his own national government. What shocked Okamura Yasuji was that Chiang Kai-shek's protection was too "in place" and he didn't even let himself sit in prison. An unconscious smile appeared on his face.
As media reports, the news that Okamura Yasuji was acquitted spread throughout the country. Almost all Chinese people were in a state of excitement and said they could not accept such a result.
The most angry person is Chairman Mao who is in Xibaipo . He originally thought that after the war of in the eight years, the Chinese no longer had to be angry with the Japanese, but he did not expect that the National Government would be so shameless that the well-known invaders would be at large! However, after calming down, Chairman Mao immediately thought of a new problem. He realized that this was Chiang Kai-shek's show of kindness to the Japanese anti-China faction, and the purpose was to collude with all forces that could be colluded and to prepare for war south of the Yangtze River !
So that night, Chairman Mao wrote the notice at the beginning of this article, asking the Kuomintang troops to arrest Okamura Yanji in the tone of an order. In this notice, Chairman Mao also said: "The Chinese people sacrificed countless lives and property in the eight years of the War of Resistance Against Japan, and fortunately defeated. The war criminal was not allowed to allow the reactionary government of the Kuomintang in Nanjing to accuse without authorization. " This sentence is exactly the voice of the Chinese people.
January 28, Xinhua News Agency broadcast the "Conversation between the Chinese Communist Party spokesperson on Ordering the Kuomintang reactionary government to re-arrest the former commander-in-chief of the Japanese invaders' army, Okamura Nagaji and the arrest of the Kuomintang war criminals", reaffirming the position of the Communist Party of China and again ordering the Nanjing reactionary government to immediately arrest Okamura Nagaji again.
At this time, Li Zongren, the acting president of the National Government, was conducting peaceful negotiations with our party, so he cared about the opinions of our party very much. In addition, he was a very determined anti-Japanese general. From his original heart, he also hoped to try Okamura Yasuji again. So he ordered Tang Enbo to arrest Okamura Yanji immediately.
However, Tang Enbo obeyed Chiang Kai-shek's orders throughout his life. If Chiang Kai-shek did not allow him to arrest Okamura, he would not arrest him. He secretly informed Okamura Yanji of Li Zongren's order and arranged for him to gather with other war criminals the next morning and return to Japan on an American ship.
That's it. At around 8 o'clock the next morning, Okamura Yasuji, who was extremely guilty, left Shanghai with 259 other Japanese war criminals. From then on, he completely escaped from the legal sanctions and obtained freedoms that should not belong to him.
Later, Chiang Kai-shek retreated to Taiwan, with his soldiers mixed with fish and dragons, and his combat effectiveness was low. Chiang Kai-shek once again asked Okamura Yanji to come out, and along with some other Japanese officers, to help train Taiwanese soldiers.
In 1962, Okamura Yasuji's only surviving son died suddenly. At this time, all his relatives had left him and he became a lonely old family. Only then did he remember to repent, feeling that his miserable situation was the retribution God gave him. So he picked up his pen and wrote his memoir. In his memoir, he reflected on the war, but because he never got rid of the influence of militarism, the book finally changed its flavor and became another absurd work that whitewas the war of aggression against China.
In 1966, Okamura Yasuka died of heart disease at the age of 82. Although he eventually died, his infamy in history will never be washed away.
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