According to CCTV News , the third aircraft carrier "Fujian" aircraft carrier number 003, my country's Navy, has officially launched a dock mooring test, which means that the "Fujian" aircraft carrier has begun preparations for sea trials. It is optimistic that the first catapult aircraft carrier of the Chinese Navy, and our third aircraft carrier, will be conducted next year and will be delivered to the Navy for service the year after.
You should know that 10 years ago in September 2012, our first aircraft carrier, , "Liaoning" , had just been delivered to the navy for service, and the "Liaoning" was also a "semi-finished product" of the Soviet era. 10 years later, China has now launched three aircraft carriers and two have formed combat effectiveness. This progress is quite amazing around the world.
(CCTV News Screenshot: In the past ten years, the aircraft carrier "Fujian" has carried out mooring tests)
003 "Fujian" aircraft carrier has been carrying out dock installation work since its launch in June this year. It is currently being transferred to the mooring test, marking that the ship's basic assembly work has ended. The mooring test of the aircraft carrier mainly detects the power system, operating system and some auxiliary devices of the aircraft carrier, including the main test run of the aircraft carrier's main terminal, generator test run, air compressor system and anchor cable system test, servo equipment test, auxiliary boiler test, fire protection system test, and aircraft carrier cargo aircraft test. This is a huge and complex system project. When the Shandong ship was conducting mooring tests, it not only had to install more than 12,000 units (sets) of equipment, but also had to conduct joint commissioning and testing with various systems. More than 5,000 people were on board the ship at the same time every day. Now, the mooring tests of Fujian ships with a larger tonnage will definitely be more complicated.
But the good news is that when the mooring test is completed, the aircraft carrier can conduct sea trials; when the sea trial is completed, the aircraft carrier can be officially delivered to the navy for service. That is to say, this is the penultimate step before serving.
(The first two aircraft carriers in my country have adopted ski jump takeoff, so there are certain restrictions on the performance of carrier-based aircraft )
The Fujian aircraft carrier is undoubtedly a huge leap for the Chinese navy. Before this, the two aircraft carriers of the Chinese navy, the Liaoning and Shandong, both used ski jump takeoff and blocking the landing. Although the ski jump takeoff structure is simple and the technical requirements are low, there are objective restrictions on the performance of carrier-based aircraft. Moreover, the tonnage of the two ships "Liaoning" and "Shandong" are relatively small. Not only are the number of aircraft carried, but they are also unable to carry fixed-wing early warning aircraft, which leads to defects in the combat performance of the two ships, which only solves the problem of "existence or not" of the Chinese navy aircraft carrier.
(Comparison of the various areas of the deck of our army's "Fujian" and the US military's "Ford")
The US military's "Fujian" aircraft carrier adopts the same full-wide flat deck design as the US aircraft carrier, and has installed 3 electromagnetic catapults , catching up with the US military's "Ford" aircraft carrier in terms of technical performance, for the first time, my country's aircraft carrier has the basic conditions to compete with the US military's aircraft carrier in combat performance.
(Ford)
As my country's first catapult aircraft carrier, while the "Fujian" brought joy to the majority of Chinese people, there were also some small "flaws" mentioned. For example, the "Fujian" is only equipped with 2 elevators. Is the aircraft scheduling efficiency worse than the Ford-class equipped with 3 elevators? In addition, the USS Fujian aircraft carrier is equipped with 3 catapults , which is one less than the 4 catapult design commonly used by US aircraft carriers; finally, in terms of aircraft carrier deck layout, the flame blocking of the naval lift and the flame blocking of the No. 1 catapult, and the flame blocking of the No. 2 catapult is inserted into the aircraft landing area of the bevel deck ... and so on, these concerns are undoubtedly the expectations of ordinary Chinese people for building a strong army. However, to be honest, we cannot judge 100% of the USS Fujian designs as "defects".
(US military "Kitty Hawk" class aircraft carrier is the closest type of aircraft carrier tonnage and appearance to my country's "Fujian" aircraft carrier)
For example, in terms of aircraft lifts, the early 80,000-ton "Kitty Hawk" class, "Enterprise" class and 100,000-ton "Nimitty" class aircraft carriers all adopted the design of 4 elevators, but the new generation of the US military "Ford" class aircraft carrier canceled a lift and changed it to three elevators, which means that reducing the lifts will not necessarily affect the dispatch of aircraft carrier aircraft. Because the steps of aircraft carrier-based are relatively complicated, and the time is consumed too much, which is very dangerous in the ever-changing battlefield. The most typical one is the famous "Five Minutes" in , the Midway Battle of .
So in actual combat, aircraft carriers generally use aircraft on the deck, and do not frequently transfer aircraft between the hangar and the deck with lifts. Moreover, the lift is essentially part of the aircraft carrier deck. Keeping the elevator and the aircraft carrier deck flush can actually expand the area of the aircraft carrier deck to facilitate aircraft dispatch. There are also reports that the length of the lift used by the "Fujian" has been upgraded from 18 meters of the "Liaoning" to 21 meters, so that one elevator can transport 2 J-15 fighters at one time, and two elevators can transport 4 aircraft. This dispatching efficiency is not bad.
(If the lift is large enough to schedule 2 fighter at the same time, the two elevators are also sufficient to use)
And the interference between the No. 1 elevator and the No. 1 catapult flame blocker is not a problem, because when the aircraft carrier performs aircraft takeoff dispatch, aircraft on the deck are given priority, and the aircraft will not wait for the aircraft to rise from the hangar to the deck for use. Therefore, when performing the catapult takeoff operation, the No. 1 elevator will definitely rise to the deck and remain flush with the flight deck. The aircraft will not be parked here, so there is no "interference" problem between the lift and the catapult flame blocker. Similarly, although the flame blocking plate of the No. 2 catapult is inserted into the aircraft landing area of the beveled deck, as long as the interval between the aircraft ejection and landing is staggered, the interference of the flame blocking plate on the aircraft landing recovery can be completely avoided.
(For a long time in the future, J-15 will be the main force of the Chinese Navy aviation force)
Secondly, the design of the "Fujian" ship adopts 3 catapults is mainly considered in two aspects. First, the catapults No. 3 and No. 4 are both on the oblique deck, and they interfere with each other and cannot be used at the same time. They can only be used alternately, so there is no essential difference in the efficiency of the three catapults and the four catapults. Second, the early US aircraft carriers used 4 catapults in essence because the steam catapults are very vulnerable. Under normal circumstances, three catapults were used, and the fourth was used as a backup. However, my country's electromagnetic catapults have been tested in a large number of land bases, and their reliability is not only higher than that of the US military's steam catapults, but also higher than that of the US military's electromagnetic catapults, so we really don't need to install an additional catapult.
(The three electromagnetic catapults covered in greenhouses on the aircraft carrier "Fujian" are the core equipment for the "Fujian" to exert their combat effectiveness)
electromagnetic catapults have many advantages compared to steam catapults. For example, a set of steam catapults covers an area of nearly 1,000 cubic meters and weighs more than 500 tons, while a set of electromagnetic catapults covers an area of only 425 cubic meters and weighs about 225 tons, which is significantly smaller than a steam catapult. Moreover, the electromagnetic catapult is charged using the supercapacitor . It only takes a few seconds to charge after one ejection. The steam catapult needs to directly extract high-temperature and high-pressure steam from the aircraft carrier boiler. It takes several minutes to charge the steam tank after one ejection. Therefore, the efficiency of the three electromagnetic catapults is actually more than that of the four steam catapults.
In addition, some friends saw that the catapult of the USS Ford aircraft carrier was constantly malfunctioning, and they felt that the electromagnetic catapult was poor. In fact, one problem was ignored here: Although both China and the United States use electromagnetic catapults, the technology used by both sides is completely different.The electromagnetic catapult of the Ford uses medium voltage alternating current , while the Fujian uses medium voltage DC , and the US military Ford and subsequent aircraft carriers have also been changed to medium voltage DC systems, so the reliability has been greatly improved. Therefore, it is not that the electromagnetic catapult itself is unreliable, but that the United States took the wrong path in the initial way, and we "feel the eagle sauce across the river" and took the right path from the beginning.
(I have confidence, so I am domineering!)
If you want to say what regrets are there for the USSFF aircraft carrier, the most important thing is probably the design of the ship island. The island of the USSFF aircraft carrier is designed in the middle of the hull, which just occupies most of the shutdown area, so objectively it does cause inconvenience in deck dispatching and occupy precious space; the USSF Ford aircraft carrier puts the island at the rear of the starboard side and frees up the entire deck for aircraft dispatching, so the deck dispatching efficiency of the USSF Ford is significantly better than us.
But this is not a design problem, but this problem cannot be avoided, because the island center of the "Fujian" is related to the power system. The "Fujian" aircraft carrier uses conventional steam turbines, so it is necessary to design a large air intake and chimney. The air intake provides fresh air to the ship host, and the chimney discharges exhaust gas. These two parts naturally need to be gathered on the ship island, so that they can stay away from the flight deck and reduce the impact of chimney exhaust on carrier-based aircraft takeoff and landing.
(Two things are indispensable for conventional aircraft carriers: air intake and chimney)
However, since the aircraft carrier engine is located in the middle of the hull, if the island is designed at the tail of the hull, the air intake and chimney must pass through most of the hull, which will occupy a large amount of precious internal space of the hull. Therefore, the middle of the island can greatly reduce space occupation, so that the space inside the hull can be arranged more reasonably. It can be said that this is "you can't have both fish and bear's paws". Only in the future can we also build nuclear-powered aircraft carriers effectively resolve the contradiction between the ship island and the air intake.
(The "Fujian" is a milestone in the development of China's naval aircraft carrier. Although the "target ship" of my country's aircraft carrier in the future will not be exactly the same as the "Fujian", it will at least be highly similar to the "Fujian" to a large extent)
Overall, the "Fujian" aircraft carrier is already the most powerful aircraft carrier in the world except for the US aircraft carrier. Although the ship is not a nuclear power system, it can be said that it is very close to the "target ship" of the People's Liberation Army Navy aircraft carrier. Moreover, due to the large tonnage, the "Fujian" can also make up for the carrier-based fixed-wing early warning aircraft, anti-submarine aircraft, electronic warfare aircraft and tanker auxiliary aircraft that cannot be carried due to the small tonnage, thereby establishing a more complete naval and air combat system. I believe that after the "Fujian" officially joins the navy, the combat effectiveness of the Chinese navy will reach a new level.
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