The bloody corridor that pierced the bones of the US military, the Battle of Changjin Lake

In October 1950, the Chinese People’s Volunteers crossed the Yalu River in secret, preparing to start a desperate fight against the well-equipped American emperor in a foreign country. They were the first time to go abroad to participate in the war. Many people stayed in the cold. Snow field.

The cruelty of that war and the huge sacrifices made us shudder to this day.

The Korean War not only washed away China's century-old shame, but also made the world recognize China again. After fighting this war, we received 156 aid projects from the Soviet Union. This is the only transfer of intellectual property rights across the industrial chain in human history. The United States has since stopped for more than half a century and dare not underestimate China’s warnings.

In this issue, let’s review the bloody corridor that hurt the US military during the Korean War- Battle of Changjin Lake .

01 Send troops to North Korea

As the war started very suddenly, Lee Seungman was not mentally prepared at all.

At that time, South Korea had less than 10,000 troops deployed on the 38th parallel, and military supplies could only last for 6 days. North Korea dispatched 7 armored divisions and a tank brigade, 200 fighter jets and 1,000 artillery pieces.

The South Korean army was defeated in an instant.

Faced with the sudden invasion, Lee Seung-man called the American father for help on the same day, and the United States was also panicked.

The grumpy American President Truman redefines his own " Trumanism ",Throwing the U.S.'s commitment not to use force to the outside world was thrown into the trash can, and then it was done in the United Nations, forcibly forming a team to participate in the war.

On the second day after the United Nations Security Council passed the US resolution, the US Pacific Force sent troops to North Korea and at the same time drove the Seventh Fleet into the Taiwan Strait to prevent our party from liberating Taiwan.

The first American soldiers sent to the Korean battlefield were mostly new recruits. Many companies have not yet learned to aim and cannot stop the Korean army.

By mid-August, North Korea’s army marched all the way, liberating a large area of ​​South Korea very easily, and drove the coalition army to a narrow area of ​​only 10,000 square kilometers. The two sides fell into positional war. The advantage of North Korea is very obvious. It is almost about to drive the coalition forces into the sea to feed the fish. The Americans even thought of the Dunkirk retreat.

At this time MacArthur used a conspiracy to make the US army land on Incheon, and soon cut off the supply line of the North Korean army, separated and North Korea to surround each other. losing contact.

The North Korean army that had no supplies quickly collapsed and fled northward.

In fact, this landed in Incheon , which was blown to the sky by the Americans, was long anticipated by Deng Hua, commander of the 13th Corps of our army, and notified the North Korean side through three means, but North Korea was victorious. Dazzled,I completely ignored our warnings and waited until the US army was defeated, and then sent a desperate telegram to China and the Soviet Union for help.

You may not know that the Soviet Union was very virtual after World War II, mainly because it felt that it had taken advantage of Northeast Asia, so be very careful about everything, for fear of the Americans going back.

Stalin refused to send troops to North Korea for fear of causing World War III, but in turn encouraged China to participate in the war.

Chairman Mao, as a grand strategist, is well aware of the strategic significance of North Korea to China: Daming lost North Korea, causing Qing troops to enter , Qing lost North Korea, and Japan occupied the Northeast. Then it triggered a full-scale invasion of China.

Now, if North Korea is unified by the Americans, then our Northeast industrial base will face the range of the Americans. Then, what peaceful development will we talk about?

Chairman Mao decided to send troops to North Korea after weighing the pros and cons.

At the beginning of the Korean War, the Central Military Commission, in accordance with Chairman Mao’s instructions, placed a total of more than 250,000 people from the 38th, 39th, 40th, and 42nd Corps of the 13th Corps, as well as the Artillery Division 1, 2, and 8th. On the edge of the Yalu River, Northeast Frontier Defense is formed.

By mid-August, the deployment of these troops had been completed. The Central Military Commission felt that it was not enough, and incorporated the 50th Army into the Northeast Frontier Defense Force to strengthen the Northeast Frontier Defense.

United Nations Army after entering the war,Chairman Mao was not optimistic about the prediction of the Korean War, so he personally ordered the 9th Corps and the 19th Corps to Shandong, ready to station in the northeast at any time to support the northeast border defense forces.

Chairman Mao drew a bottom line on whether to send troops, that is, the coalition forces cannot cross the 38th line, and asked Premier Zhou to issue a warning to the United States through India.

However, the Americans completely took the warning of our party as a whistle. On October 1, South Korean troops first crossed the 38th parallel, and then the US troops crossed the 38th parallel and marched northwards.

Mr. Peng wrote in his later memoirs: "As soon as the U.S. military crosses the 38th parallel, I know that I can't fight without fighting."

02 "Liquor" Corps

The predecessor of the 9th Corps was The 1st, 8th and 9th longitudinals of the East China Field Army.

"Vertical" is a special system of during the War of Liberation , similar to the "army", the East China Field Army has about 2-3 million people in one vertical, generally governing 3 divisions, 9 regiments, and 1 Cannon regiment.

The 9th Corps is well known to everyone because when Shanghai was liberated, this unit was strictly disciplined and was called the sentry under the neon lights.

This unit fought all the way from Shandong to Shanghai during the War of Liberation, sweeping the entire East China battlefield, especially during the Menglianggu battle , Ninth Corps wiped out the 74th Division of the Kuomintang Integration, this The 74th division is called the "imperial forest army" of Chiang Kai-shek ,It is one of the five main forces of the Kuomintang, all of which are beautiful equipment. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, they participated in almost all large-scale battles, such as the Battle of Songhu, the Battle of Nanjing, the Battle of Taierzhuang, etc., Zhang Lingfu was the division’s commander, and It was in this battle who committed suicide and "martyrdom".

In the Huaihai battle , the 9th Corps also gave Du Yuming performed our army's outstanding outflanking encirclement, encircled Du Yuming's troops, and sent Du Gongdelin to "socialist transformation". .

The commander and political commissar of the 9th Corps is Song Shilun. Hunan Tiehan, who uses peppers as a drink, has never been ambiguous in battle and has a very hot temper.

In the war years, Song Shilun always shaved his head and stood on the front line to direct the battle, and the amount of alcohol was so good that the people under his hand could drink especially, and they all kept their bald heads. Call them the "Bald Corps" or the "Liquor Corps".

Song Shilun is the fifth phase of Huangpu, which is not considered low in the KMT.

He joined the Kuomintang in 1926 and became a Communist in the following year.

Later Chiang anti-Communist, Song Shilun participated in several anti-encirclement and suppression campaigns, and later experienced the Long March, the Eastern March, the Western March, the Anti-Japanese War, and the War of Liberation. He is the hero of our party.

After the liberation of Shanghai, the 9th Corps has been stationed around Shanghai. The main task is to practice landing operations and prepare to invite the principal from Taiwan back to the mainland.

At the beginning of September, Chairman Mao appointed the 9th Corps to enter the DPRK.The 9th Corps immediately dismissed the task of attacking Taiwan, and the troops went to Shandong, ready to enter the North Korean war at any time.

According to Chairman Mao’s original plan, the 9th Corps will only be called if there is a strategic need, but at the end of the first battle, Mr. Peng believes that the U.S. military is still not sure about the number of volunteers entering North Korea in order to concentrate. The forces on the western and eastern fronts inflicted heavy losses on the coalition forces. Mr. Peng suggested to the Central Military Commission that the 9th Corps should be responsible for the eastern front. Chairman Mao also agreed with this arrangement. In this way, the 9th Corps had not prepared the materials and so on. Cang promoted into North Korea.

1950 was the coldest winter in North Korea in half a century, with the lowest temperature reaching minus 30 degrees.

Due to the hasty preparations, the 9th Corps didn't have time to change and set foot in North Korea wearing a thin cotton coat from the south. There are only one or two quilts in a class. At night, the soldiers can only spread the quilts on the ground and hug each other to sleep. On the first day of entering the dynasty, 800 people were injured by frostbite.

Due to lack of knowledge of North Korea’s winter, some troops wore rubber shoes and marched in an environment of tens of degrees below zero. The soldiers’ feet were frozen. What’s more, many soldiers have the habit of soaking their feet. As a result, the frostbitten feet were soaked in hot water. The next day they became very swollen and could not put on their shoes at all. Afterwards, the soldiers dared not take off their shoes when they slept. They all slept in shoes. , Everyone sleeps with the feet of the person above.

On the US military side, the soldiers each have a coat and a duck down bag. They go in at night to cover their heads and sleep until dawn.

By the end of November, the Changjin Lake area has experienced heavy snow that has not happened in a century.The minimum temperature dropped to more than minus 30 degrees, and many soldiers in the volunteer army were frozen to death by the severe cold of North Korea before they even went into battle.

Moreover, the supply of volunteers is also very difficult.

In the early days of the DPRK, the U.S. military took control of North Korea’s air superiority. U.S. aircraft could bomb the Volunteer’s supply lines without hesitation, and the Volunteers only carried five or six kilograms of sorghum rice for food when they entered the DPRK. It could last for six or seven days. When the troops arrived on the battlefield, the food on their backs would basically be eaten.

The soldiers were too hungry, so they could only grab a handful of snow and stuff them into their mouths, or eat the bark nearby. They finally found some potatoes. When they were delivered to the front line, the potatoes were frozen and frozen. , The soldiers can only hold the potatoes in their arms and turn them into a bit to eat a bit.

The U.S. Army has canned biscuits and drinks, which are not only starving, but also very balanced. In the subsequent battles, the Volunteer Army found food for the first thing after the regiment annihilated the US army.

The severe shortage of military supplies caused the 9th Corps to reduce its personnel in the subsequent Battle of Changjin Lake. Many fighters lost their fighting ability before the battle began.

03 Ace vs. Ace

Chairman Mao's military thinking can be summed up in one sentence, that is, it is better to cut one finger than to hurt ten fingers, and concentrate the superior forces to fight the battle of annihilation. The specific operation is to make a force to withstand the rescue army, and concentrate several times the enemy's force to wipe out the small group of enemy forces that have been divided and surrounded.

This tactic was used incisively and vividly in the War of Liberation, and was evolved into a supernatural character in the Korean War.

Mr. Peng not only inherited Chairman Mao’s military thinking,And the fighting style is known for being brave, good at fighting tough battles and encounters. From the deployment of the second battle of , it can be seen that President Peng is going to fight a head-to-head offensive and defensive battle with the US military.

The deployment of the entire campaign is divided into east and west.

The battle on the western front fought first. The Volunteers wiped out most of the 7th and 8th Divisions of the Korean Army, as well as the Turkish Brigade and a part of the 6th Division of the Korean Army. The 2nd Division and the US 25th Division totaled more than 23,000 enemies. The commander of the US 8th Army, Walker, also overturned and died while running away.

On December 6, the Western Front team cooperated with the Korean People's Army to regain Pyongyang. Prior to this, the US military occupied Pyongyang for only 47 days. Peng Dehuai's order to commend the 38th army for fighting bravely, and added a sentence to the commendation telegram: "Long live the 38th army!" The lake area is unusually calm.

Changjin Lake, the most bitter cold region in northern North Korea, is 1,000-2,000 meters above sea level, surrounded by mountains, densely covered with jungles, and rugged and narrow mountain roads. The Koreans gave these mountains many appropriate names: What Xuehanling , Barren Mountain Ridge, Dead Eagle Ridge, etc. In a word, this is not a place for people to stay.

In order to avoid U.S. aircraft bombing, 100,000 people of the 9th Corps went out at night, with an average marching distance of more than 30 kilometers per day, and walked for a total of 8 days (a total of more than 200 kilometers) in the severe cold of minus 30 degrees. Only after reaching the designated combat area, the suddenness of the battle was achieved.

and the U.S. did not find any actions by the volunteers.According to MacArthur's plan, the coalition forces first carried out exploratory attacks with ground forces, and then divided the US 10th Army and the 8th Army into east and west at the same time to launch a general offensive to the north. The goal was to end the Korean War before Christmas.

MacArthur thinks beautifully. In his plan, the western line is the main attack direction, while the eastern line is to go around to the rear of the volunteers and cut off the supply and traffic of the volunteers, thus forming a siege to the volunteers.

Because he did not encounter any decent resistance before, MacArthur was very inflated for a time, and actually published the battle plan in Western newspapers. This freed our army from even investigating work, as long as it was through Japanese or Korean radio. You can know what the U.S. military is doing.

Song Shilun also made corresponding deployments to MacArthur’s plan. He planned to use two divisions to cut off the connection between the US Army in Changjin Lake and the 7th and 3rd Divisions on both wings; concentrate the strength of the 5 divisions, and first annihilate the US Army. The 5th and 7th Regiment of the team, and then annihilated the reinforcements of the 1st Marine Division as appropriate, as well as the 31st Regiment of the 7th Division of the US Army located east of Xinxingli.

9 Corps arrived in the combat area on the 26th. At this time, the weather on the eastern battlefield was extremely bad, and the temperature dropped to minus 30 degrees. The volunteers lay down in the snow for a day and night. When the charge horn blew, many The soldiers had been frozen and delirious, and some people could not get up at all.

The entire battle process can only be described as tragic. The U.S. military is not vulnerable as described in some film and television works. Although the volunteers quickly divided the U.S. military and surrounded it, it was surrounded by the U.S. military. Many of them were veterans of World War II. They quickly calmed down from the panic, used tanks to form a circular line of defense, and used powerful firepower to resist the tide of voluntary attacks.

The volunteers are basically all light infantry , except for the old-fashioned rocket launchers equipped with eight or nine doors in each regiment.There are no anti-tank weapons. In order to deal with American tanks, volunteer soldiers strapped several grenades around their waists, lay on their backs on the road to block enemy tanks, and used flesh and blood to block American steel chariots.

Before charging, the Volunteers can only rely on small-caliber mortars for cover, without even a heavy artillery. What's more helpless is that due to the low temperature, the barrel of the mortar was often frozen and cracked, and two-thirds of the shells were shot out into duds.

The only heavy weapon that soldiers can use is grenades, but this requires a certain throw distance. The soldiers ran to the throwing range with fierce gunfire, throwing a large number of grenades to form an instant fire suppression, and then rushed. Enter the enemy's position and fight each other in hand-to-hand combat.

The battlefields of the Battle of Changjin Lake are mainly in Liutanli, Xinxingli and Xiayujieli. The whole process is the repeated competition between the two sides over several hills.

The US military has heavy weapons such as aircraft, tanks and artillery. Volunteers have suffered heavy casualties. In addition, there are a large number of non-combat attritions. Nearly half of the soldiers were frostbited and unable to fight. Even so, the Volunteers withstood the frenzied bombing by US planes and tanks during the day, and counterattacked the US forces at night.

waited until MacArthur confirmed that the main Chinese corps had participated in the war, and immediately issued the order to withdraw south.

But the retreat is not easy.

In order to prevent the coalition from retreating southward, the volunteers raced against the mechanized U.S. troops in the steep mountains of minus 30 degrees. The more than 200 kilometers southward retreat road was full of ambushed volunteers, because they could not effectively kill the tanks. The volunteers killed the coalition light infantry and cried and called their mothers.Later, the Americans gave this retreat a vivid name-"Bloody Corridor".

In the Battle of Changjin Lake, the 1st Marine Division, the American troop, was hit hard. This unit can be traced back to 1846 when the 1st Marine Regiment was specially formed by the U.S. Army to fight overseas. From its establishment to its participation in the Korean War, this force has been established for more than 160 years and is a veritable century-old brand.

was expanded into the 1st Marine Division in 1942, and was then responsible for landing and playing forward on the Pacific battlefield. It was invincible and was the elite of the American army. It was such a team that was besieged by our army all the way and was devastated by the volunteer army.

Our army has always had a tradition. If you want to fight, you must fight an annihilation war. The enemy you fancy will not easily let him run away. The 1st Division of the U.S. Marines was educated by volunteers on the way to the south and waited until the U.S. When the Zhan 1st Division ran back to the 38th Parallel, this unit had already lost nearly 12,000 people.

The history of American warfare says that this was a hellish experience.

Conclusion

During the Battle of Changjin Lake, the 9th Corps fought bloody battles with the U.S. Army for more than a dozen days and nights under extremely difficult conditions. The Volunteer Army’s weapons and equipment lag behind the U.S. Army by several generations. There was no decent logistical supply, but under such extremely difficult conditions, the 9th Corps paid 40,000 casualties (nearly half of which were non-combat attrition), annihilated 14,000 enemies, and almost wiped out the 1st in the U.S. Marine War. The entire organizational system of the division and the 7th Division has achieved the strategic purpose of the Eastern Front very well and ensured the safety of the troops on the Western Front.

Looking back on this battle,Our military is still able to defeat the well-equipped U.S. military under extremely difficult conditions. Now that more than 70 years have passed, China’s military strength has increased by several orders of magnitude, enough to deal with any external threats. As long as our internal chaos, others will Don't dare to step on our bottom line.

Finally, let me say one more thing. The Chinese don't like war, but they never fear war.

Friends come and have good wine, jackals come and have shotguns.

This article is over.

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