On September 27, 1955, the Huairen Hall was very solemn. Chairman Mao personally conferred the rank of Marshal of the People's Republic of China on 10 comrades including Zhu De, Peng Dehuai and Lin Biao. Premier Zhou personally conferred the rank of General of the People's Republic of China on 10 comrades including Su Yu.
This day will surely go down in the history of the development of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, because on this day, the Chinese People's Liberation Army finally has its own marshals and generals. The People's Liberation Army also has its own rank system, which is an important step in the regularization of the army.
1955's Huairentang
In this year, Chairman Mao officially signed the "Regulations on the Service of Officers of the Chinese People's Liberation Army", which formally stipulated the conditions, sources, ranks, rewards, rights and obligations of officers of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
At the same time, we have also discussed many times on the setting of military ranks awarded by the Chinese People's Liberation Army for the first time. The most discussed person is what kind of person can be named "Marshal".
Article 9 of Chapter 2 of the Regulations on the Service of Officers of the Chinese People's Liberation Army stipulates: " Senior generals who have created and led the people's armed forces or led battle corps and have made outstanding achievements shall be awarded the rank of Marshal of the People's Republic of China".
Finally, our army has set up the military rank of "Grand Marshal" by referring to the practice of the Soviet Union and other countries. The "Regulations on the Service of Officers of the Chinese People's Liberation Army" stipulates that the military rank of officers is 4 and 14, of which the first is the marshal, and the next is divided into two levels: the general marshal of the People's Republic of China and the marshal of the People's Republic of China. The rank of "Grand Marshal of the Republic" was established in the form of legislation.
Mao Zedong is the main founder and leader of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the People's Republic of China. According to the "Regulations", there is only one person who meets the standard of the rank of General Marshal of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and that is Mao Zedong.
Afterwards, many comrades persuaded Mao Zedong to accept the rank of general marshal, and told him about how Stalin was awarded the rank of general marshal in the Soviet Union. They always said that Mao Zedong's contribution to China was no less than Stalin's contribution to the Soviet Union. Mao Zedong's contribution to New China is indeed worthy of the title of Grand Marshal. But Mao Zedong refused: "The Soviet Union has it, we don't have to copy it." In the end, everyone failed to convince him.
One day, Peng Dehuai, Luo Ronghuan and others went to Zhongnanhai to report to Mao Zedong and others on the progress of the evaluation work. After listening to the report, Mao Zedong said: "It is a very big job for you to do evaluations and titles, and it is also a very difficult job to do. I don't want to be a Grand Marshal. It is very uncomfortable for me to wear the uniform of the Grand Marshal! How inconvenient it is to speak and carry out activities among the masses! In my opinion, it is better not to judge military rank if you are working in the local area."
At the same time, he asked Liu Shaoqi: " You have done it in the army, and you are also a marshal. " Liu Shaoqi immediately said: "Don't criticize." He asked Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping again: "Do you still want to criticize your marshal rank!" They both waved their hands and said, "Don't criticize, don't criticize." Mao Zedong again When I turned around and asked comrades such as Deng Zihui and Zhang Dingcheng, who had been leading the army for a long time in the past and later worked in the local area, they also said that they would not comment.
Since then, according to the instructions of Chairman Mao and the Central Committee, the sentence "No one who works in the local area should be evaluated as a military rank" has also become an important basis for evaluating military rank.
Because Mao Zedong resolutely refused to grant the rank of Grand Marshal, "Grand Marshal of the People's Republic of China" became an empty title in the history of New China. In fact, the grand marshal's uniform has already been prepared for him, and in the end, he has never put it on, and it has been placed in the museum forever.
Regarding the marshals and generals, in fact, 13 marshals and 14 generals were selected at the beginning. However, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, and Deng Xiaoping all claimed that they were not working in the army now, and they offered to give up the rank of marshal when working in the local area. The rank of generals has also been reduced to 10, which are the very famous 10 marshals and 10 generals in the history of our country.
At about 4 pm on September 27, 1955, Peng Dehuai, He Long and others were in the lounge waiting for the awarding ceremony to begin in Huairentang, Zhongnanhai. Premier Zhou Enlai, dressed in a grey tunic suit, sincerely congratulated these old comrades-in-arms and the founders of the Republic.
He Long said sincerely: "Our Premier Zhou should also be awarded the title!" Zhou Enlai smiled, waved his hand humbly and said, "I am a government worker, and I am serving the marshals. Take care of your logistics."
Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, and Deng Xiaoping all understood that they were working in the local area, and they offered to give up the rank of marshal, which actually relieved the burden of those who worked in the selection of military rank at that time. Because the review of military ranks is indeed a very large workload, and all aspects need to be taken care of.
This also reflects the high-spiritedness of the older generation of revolutionaries. They pay more attention to how to make the entire military rank conferring fair and just, rather than their own personal reputation and gains and losses. Although they were not included in the roster of generals, their names will always be engraved on the monuments of history.
At that time, Chairman Mao awarded the titles to the ten marshals, and Premier Zhou awarded the titles to the generals. We usually see 10 portraits of the marshals.But in fact, when Chairman Mao personally conferred military ranks to ten marshals, only seven marshals participated in the ceremony, and the other three were not present. What happened?
According to common sense, the first ceremony of conferring titles since the founding of our country is also the first time in the history of the People's Liberation Army of China that it has its own military rank. The ceremony, why did they not attend? Which three did not attend?
They are Lin Biao, Liu Bocheng, and Marshal Ye Jianying. But even though they didn't come, there were dedicated people to take pictures of them.
One, Lin Biao was recuperating in Qingdao due to physical reasons.
Lin Biao was ranked third among the top ten marshals. The youngest of the grand marshals, he was only 48 years old when he was awarded the title, and he would be somewhat inappropriate in terms of qualifications.
However, although Lin Biao is young, in terms of personal combat history, except for Mr. Zhu, he is in no way inferior to anyone else.
The title of "God of War" Lin Biao is by no means a false name. He is best at fighting with large corps. When he was in the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base, Lin Biao was already the commander of the corps. At this time, he was 24 years old, and Mr. Peng and Lin Biao were one rank, and also the commander of the army.
Later, when the Anti-Japanese War broke out, the Red Army moved to fight against Japan in northern Shaanxi. Lin Biao served as the commander of the 115th Division. In the Battle of Pingxingguan, the Eighth Route Army annihilated more than 1,000 Japanese troops, breaking the myth of the Japanese army's invincibility. But in fact, Lin Shuai spent only half a year on the Anti-Japanese Front and went to the Soviet Union for treatment due to injury.
Lin Biao really established his status as a "God of War" during the War of Liberation. At that time, Marshal Lin Biao, who served as the commander of the Northeast Field Army, had a maximum force of 1 million. He took the lead in completing the Liaoshen campaign to liberate the Northeast, and wiped out 472,000 of the main force of the Kuomintang. Yu Ren, and then, led the 700,000 Northeast Field Army to enter the customs, and even hit Hainan Island all the way, and made a good start in the three major battles.
During the war of liberation, Lin Biao's military talent and commanding ability reached his peak. Therefore, Lin Biao's ranking third among the top ten marshals is well deserved.
When I was taking pictures, there was a very interesting picture. Lin Biao was ill at the time, and he was afraid of the wind and light. Lin Shuai went outside to shoot? Because the light in the room is too dark, the light sensitivity is not enough.
In the end, the secretary opened all the windows, and Lin Shuai also came out of the bedroom. He looked in good spirits. He also greeted the two staff members cordially. Lin Biao looked a little embarrassed after getting dressed. Knowing that Lin Biao usually has a very simple personal life, he does not smoke or drink, and he does not like to play cards. His only hobbies are reading maps and eating fried soybeans.
Seeing this situation, the secretary stepped forward to smooth his clothes and smiled. He reminded him: "You walk around the house, the reporters are good to take pictures!"
Lin Shuai was very casual. He walked from the east to the west, and stood by the window again. Often, like when he was in command of the campaign. The staff felt that this was very similar to Lin Shuai's style, and quickly captured this set of shots.
Second, Liu Bocheng was busy working in the military academy, and at the same time recuperating in Qingdao due to physical reasons.
Liu Bocheng is recognized as the person with the highest level of military theory among the ten marshals. It is said that among the commanders of the 11 military regions at that time, nearly half of them were students of Liu Bocheng. The more famous ones are Yang Yong, Chen Xilian, Pi Dingjun, Li Desheng and so on.
He is good at transforming actual combat experience into military theory for future generations to learn and grow, and has trained a large number of military talents for our army. In addition to the high level of military theory, also has a characteristic that it is very good at using talents.
For example, Wang Jinshan, the madman warrior, because of his hot temper, everyone dared not approach him, but Liu Bocheng praised Wang Jinshan generously, saying that Wang Jinshan is crazy, but it is right to be crazy. Energetic.
During the War of Liberation, Liu and Deng's army leaped thousands of miles into the Dabie Mountains, piercing the enemy's heart like a steel knife, making the enemy fearful and realizing the transformation of our army from the strategic defensive stage to the strategic offensive during the liberation war.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Liu Bocheng proposed to build the Nanjing Military Academy. At that time, most of the generals in our army were not advanced in military theory and lacked talents in military theory.
So Liu Bocheng was ready to boldly use the captive generals of the National Army as coaches of the military academy. Many people were very dissatisfied with this. On the one hand, the Kuomintang has always been our enemy, and on the other hand, the Kuomintang is now a defeated general. When he came to lecture, everyone would not be convinced. A defeated general would have the nerve to teach military theory to those who defeated him? This was the general view of many people at the time.
But Liu Bocheng is far-sighted. He doesn't think so. As the old saying goes: If you are three people, you must have my teacher. Don't be ashamed to ask.He clearly saw the failure of the Kuomintang. The failure of the Kuomintang was not a purely military failure. There was a popular saying at the time that many orders of the Kuomintang army were issued by geniuses, but they were all executed by some idiots. This sentence is not without reason.
At that time, many of the military theories mastered by some national army generals were lacking in our army. And let the generals of the national army explain it, so that we can review the game again and summarize the lessons of failure.
Therefore, Liu Bocheng defied the public opinion and made many famous military generals like Liao Yaoxiang become the instructors of the military academy, and the founding generals of our army who were born with mud legs have indeed benefited a lot.
Because Liu Bocheng was busy with his work at the Nanjing Military Academy, and his eyes were injured, he did not attend the marshal consecration ceremony.
Third, Marshal Ye Jianying was preparing for the biggest military exercise after the founding of the People's Republic of China in Dalian, but he was unable to participate in
Marshal Ye Jianying opposed Zhang Guotao at a critical juncture to avoid armed conflict within the Red Army. In June 1935, the First and Fourth Front Army of the Red Army successfully joined forces in the Maogong area of Sichuan. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to attack northward to create the Sichuan-Shaanxi-Gansu base.
However, Zhang Guotao disapproved of going north and tried his best to undermine unity and obstruct going north. Ye Jianying actively reported the relevant situation to Chairman Mao, which avoided armed conflict within the Red Army. Afterwards, Mao Zedong mentioned this matter many times and praised Ye Jianying: "Zhuge is only cautious in his life, and Lü Duan is not confused in important matters."
was held Before the entitlement ceremony, the central government decided to hold a large-scale military exercise on the Liaodong Peninsula in the second half of 1955. The military exercise on the Liaodong Peninsula is the largest military exercise since the founding of the People's Liberation Army. The central government has appointed Marshal Ye Jianying as the commander-in-chief of the exercise. Ye Jianying applied to the central government not to participate in the award ceremony due to work reasons, and the central government immediately approved it.
5 years have passed, and the ten marshals and ten generals who received the military rank in Huairentang have become history. Each of them has made great contributions to the establishment of the republic. Our current happy life is inseparable from their bloody battles. .
Marshals and generals were born and died for the motherland, and they will always live in the hearts of the people. And this is the star we should chase. Without these generals, we would not be happy today.
