will introduce today is a legendary star gun that has a high reputation among domestic light weapons enthusiasts, the PSG-1 sniper rifle of the German HK company . General knowledge of
PSG-1 sniper rifle
PSG-1 sniper rifle
PSG-1 sniper rifle
Speaking of the history of the PSG-1 sniper rifle, most readers know about the 1972 Olympics. On September 5, 1972, the Palestinian terrorist organization "Black September" created a terrorist incident that hijacked Israeli athletes. Due to a series of bizarre harassment operations by the West German police, 11 Israeli athletes were killed. West German police also had 1 person died in the line. After the tragedy, the West German police’s incompetent anti-terrorism capabilities were widely criticized. West German police’s weapons and equipment were also criticized one by one, including sniper rifles. At the time, West German police did not have professional sniper rifles. The only thing is that they are equipped with a G3 rifle with an optical sight. What’s more speechless is that they are not connected to professional sniper trained snipers. In the rescue operation, the "volunteers" in the police force with better shooting skills are responsible for sniping. Said to be volunteers recruited from sports shooters), the entire police force has not made any preparations for similar tasks.
Therefore, the West German government believes that a special counter-terrorism unit should be established in the police sequence. The result is the GSG9 counter-terrorism team; there is also the development and equipment of more professional high-precision sniper rifles, and the result is the PSG-1 sniper rifle. The PSG of the
PSG-1 sniper rifle is Prazisions Sharfschutzen Gewehr, the abbreviation of the precision sniper rifle. This gun can be regarded as a product of major changes on the basis of the G3 rifle. The automatic principle or the roller delayed unlocking semi-free bolt mechanism can only be semi-automatic. There are two types of magazines for shooting, 5 rounds and 20 rounds, which are common to the 20 rounds of the G3 rifle.
In appearance, the PSG-1 sniper rifle has many elements of high-precision firearms. For example, it has a multi-directional adjustable tripod, which is similar to a portable camera tripod. When shooting, the handguard can be placed on this tripod to improve data Gun stability.
HK's original tripod
grip is made of wood, shaped to fit the hand, similar to a sports rifle, and there is a pallet at the bottom of the grip that allows the hand holding the gun to rest on it, which is more stable and labor-saving, and this pallet is also available. Regulated. The grip of
PSG-1 is made of wood, the shape conforms to the shape of the hand, and there is an adjustable pallet at the bottom, similar to a sports rifle. The
buttstock is obviously different from the G3 rifle. The base plate can be retracted and the cheek plate can be raised and lowered to adapt to different shooters' body shapes.
PSG-1's buttstock bottom plate and cheek plate can be adjusted.
sniper rifle naturally needs to be equipped with an optical scope. PSG-1 is equipped with Hensoldt's 6×42 scope with a fixed magnification, which is based on today’s sniper rifle scope. The standard seems to be a bit low, but it was sufficient and not outdated in the past. At that time, there was no concept of replacing multiple scopes with a sniper rifle, so the scope of the PSG-1 was welded to the top of the upper receiver. When disassembling, only the lens barrel was removed, unlike today’s sniper rifles, which have a rail on the top. , The sight can be disassembled and assembled on the guide rail along with the frame. The 6x42x scope of
PSG-1 sniper rifle, the frame is welded to the top of the upper receiver. The
PSG-1 sniper rifle has a very high shooting accuracy. It can enter 1MOA within a hundred yards. It can shoot 50 shots continuously at a distance of 300m. The distribution is all in a circle with a diameter of 8cm. You must know that this is a semi-automatic sniper rifle designed in the 1970s. At that time, there was almost no semi-automatic sniper rifle capable of shooting with such accuracy, and even bolt-action sniper rifles could hardly meet this standard. Therefore, in terms of accuracy, the PSG-1 is indeed well-deserved. High precision of
PSG-1Many people think that this is the advantage brought by the delayed unlocking principle of the roller. It is said that the delayed unlocking principle of the roller does not need to open a hole on the barrel to install the air pipe. The barrel and the receiver only have the connection point, which is a natural floating The barrel is much more accurate than the air-guided semi-automatic sniper rifle. This statement cannot be said to be completely unreasonable, but the G3 rifle, which also uses the roller delayed unlocking principle, cannot produce such high accuracy. The 100-meter accuracy of the G3 is about 2-4 MOA, which can only be used as an ordinary automatic rifle. No sniper rifle. So, how did the PSG-1 achieve such high accuracy? Why is
PSG-1 so accurate?
PSG-1 is structurally inherited from G3, but PSG-1 is by no means a simple G3 with a scope and an adjustable butt. The structural difference between them is actually quite large.
1, PSG-1 is a "heavy gun" that does not count the cost of stockpiling. The G3 rifle has a total length of 1025mm, a barrel length of 450mm, and a weight of 4.41kg. The PSG-1 uses a heavy barrel with a length of 650mm and a large wall thickness. There is a stiffener on the side of the receiver to increase the rigidity, plus a scope. , Adjustable buttstock, and hand-fitting grip, make the total gun length reach 1230mm, and the total weight is 8.1kg, which is about twice as heavy as the G3! Regardless of the cost of stacking materials, especially the heavy barrel, the natural vibration during shooting is greatly reduced, and the accuracy is significantly improved. The barrel of
PSG-1, the thickness of this barrel is beyond the reach of G3.
is to strengthen the rigidity of the punching casing. The PSG-1 casing has such reinforcing strips on the left and right side walls.
In order to reduce the interference to the natural frequency of the barrel as much as possible, and reduce the resulting shooting dispersion, PSG-1 deliberately uses a floating barrel, the barrel and the handguard do not contact, and there is no muzzle device, to avoid elimination The flame applicator and brake produce air currents that disrupt the flight of the warhead. Today, through reasonable design, high-precision sniper rifles can also use muzzle flame arresters and brakes, but this was not possible in the 1970s, so it is most reasonable to slip a barrel. Compared with
, although the G3 rifle is also based on the roller delay unlocking principle, it is not designed for precision. The barrel is much shorter and thinner, and it is not a floating barrel, so the accuracy gap with PSG-1 is very large. .
2, the same roller delay unlocking, PSG-1 and G3 bolt action is very different. The roller delayed unlocking bolt machine inherently has the defect that the locking gap is not well controlled. For the G3, the barrel sleeve and the roller grouping method can make do with it, but it is not good for the PSG-1 sniper rifle. Not guaranteed. For this reason, the shape of the PSG-1 bolt roller is changed from a cylindrical shape to a shape with a small flat front end, and the roller is also constrained. Unlike the G3 roller, which can roll freely, the locking gap is accurate and consistent. Comparison of
G3 automata (top) and PSG-1 automata (bottom)
G3 bolt end face (left) and PSG-1 bolt end face (right), the shell hook shape is different. The bolt roller of
G3 is free-floating when not locked, and the shape is cylindrical. The bolt roller of
PSG-1 cannot roll freely, and the front end is flat.
And observe the PSG-1 automata, you will find a row of serrations on the right side of the gun frame, and a depression with anti-skid patterns. This feature has nothing to do with shooting accuracy, but with the environment in which the sniper rifle is used. Everyone should remember that the G3's roller delayed unlocking bolt needs to be released quickly when it is locked. Using the spring force of the reentry spring to bounce the bolt back cleanly and neatly, the rollers can reliably open and close the lock, but this will cause great Mechanical shock. Sniper rifles often have to be ambushed in a hidden place, so that the target will be exposed when loaded. For this reason, HK company specially designed an auxiliary push handle, similar to the thing on the rear right side of the AR-15 rifle receiver. The bolt can be released slowly. At this time, the bolt is not completely locked, and then push it with this push handle to quietly lock the bolt in place. These sawsThe teeth are set to engage the push handle, and are used for the same purpose as the serrations on the AR-15 automatic machine. The anti-skid pit is used for the thumb to press when the load is loaded to assist the push handle. The
PSG-1 gun frame has serrations and pits with anti-skid patterns
auxiliary push handle is used like this:
3, the trigger force of the PSG-1 launching mechanism is adjustable. The trigger force of the firing mechanism of the G3 rifle is not adjustable, and the force of the hammer spring of the G3 is transmitted to the trigger. In order to ensure the strength of the hammer, the force of the hammer spring is greater, and the resistance imposed on the trigger is also greater. The trigger is heavy. For ordinary military rifles, this contradiction is not prominent. On the contrary, a larger trigger force is good for safety, but for a sniper rifle, excessive trigger force will affect shooting accuracy.
The launching mechanism of the PSG-1 sniper rifle has been improved compared to G3. The force of the hammer spring is no longer transmitted to the trigger. The force of the trigger spring can be adjusted to a very small level, and the trigger will fire when the trigger is triggered. In order to make the shooter's fingers more comfortable, there is an adjustable angle cover on the trigger, which can be adjusted according to the length of the shooter's fingers.
PSG-1 trigger unit
PSG-1 (top) and HK91, that is, G3 civilian (bottom) trigger unit comparison
It is precisely because of these reborn transformations, coupled with high-precision competition-level bullets, PSG-1 sniper rifle can The ultra-high precision is not to say that as long as there is a roller delayed unlocking machine, a scope and an adjustable butt are enough, the roller delayed unlocking machine is not the decisive factor of the high precision of the PSG-1 sniper rifle. .
Roller delayed unlocking and air guide, who is more accurate?
This is still a problem derived from the high accuracy of the PSG-1 sniper rifle. I have already answered the previous article. The reason why the PSG-1 is high in precision is not the decisive factor in the delayed unlocking of the rollers, but that the gun is designed with high precision in all aspects, and it does not hesitate to stack materials locally. So simply comparing the two principles of roller delayed unlocking and air guide, which one has greater potential in accuracy? Does it mean that no matter how the air-guided semi-automatic sniper rifle is made, as long as there is a gas tube, it cannot shoot the accuracy of PSG-1? the answer is negative.
It is necessary to know that the shooting accuracy of a gun is determined by multiple factors including the gun, the mirror and the bullet. Even if the structure of the gun is discussed, the floating barrel is only a factor that affects the accuracy, not a decisive factor. Modern air-guided semi-automatic sniper rifles can be optimized in all aspects, so that the final accuracy indicators can reach or exceed PSG-1. Take various semi-automatic sniper rifles based on common AR rifles as an example. Because AR rifles are air-blown, there is only a very thin air tube above the barrel, which has little impact on barrel vibration. It is produced with modern technology. Yes, the shooting accuracy of the semi-automatic sniper rifle based on the AR rifle structure can reach or exceed the PSG-1. Moreover, the AR rifle has the advantages that the automatic machine and the barrel are highly coaxial, and the recoil is transmitted in a straight line. The muzzle jumps very little when shooting. Although it is of little significance for single-shot shooting, it is helpful for the shooter to quickly resume the aiming action. Three rounds, a great advantage for rapid fire.
Here is a statement that Caiyun once saw on the Internet. There is a "military science article" saying that the semi-automatic sniper rifle using the air-guided principle starts to recoil as soon as the trigger is fired, which interferes with the shooting accuracy, while the PSG-1 sniper The reason why the rifle is accurate is that the roller delayed unlocking principle can "slide into a gap at the moment of firing, withstand the trigger, and release the trigger after knowing that the bullet has left the muzzle", avoiding other semi-automatic sniper rifles from recoil after firing. , The problem that affects accuracy. To be clear here, this statement is completely nonsense!
Now the cyber army is full of such fabricated stalls
In the article introducing the charges of G3 rifles, Caiyun has analyzed the roller delayed unlocking principle in detail, and its rollers get stuck when the bullet is loaded and locked. If the lock slot is set, it slips out of the lock slot after firing, instead of "slides into a gap after firing", the "delayed unlocking" is relativeThe principle of the free bolt without any delay device is not relative to the principle of the air-guided type, but the unlocking is later than the principle of the free bolt-action, not later than the principle of the air-guided. Even because the delay effect of the roller delayed unlocking is not as good as the "free stroke" of the air-guided principle automaton, the unlocking timing is earlier than the air-guided principle, and the unlocking is faster. This kind of saying that "the delayed unlocking of the rollers will delay the recoil of the bolt, so the accuracy is high" is completely a result of a little understanding of the principle of delayed unlocking of the rollers. It's too much, too much. For such a "military author", everyone knows what should be done?
