After World War II, the Soviet Navy basically revolved around nuclear submarine power. In the past few decades, almost 250 nuclear submarines were built, with many types (3), multiple levels (15), and multiple models (more than 25); The investment in economic costs and the long-term and continuous use of scientific research have enabled the Soviet Union to accumulate considerable engineering experience in the development of nuclear submarines. Typhoon
is the world's largest nuclear submarine
Since 1970, the more than ten nuclear submarines sunk in the world all came from Soviet Russia. Excluding human factors (including lack of funds leading to training, insufficient maintenance, lax management, etc.), the main reason is that the quality of the safety and reliability design of the Russian nuclear submarine is not acceptable; for example, electrical failures caused by electrical and electronic systems, Short-circuits, explosions and fires have caused a considerable number of sinking accidents.
Due to the comprehensive and long-term backwardness of the electronics industry in the Soviet era, the electronic, electrical and automatic control systems of Russian submarines have been relatively backward, and they are the part with the lowest import and reference value. Picture of
: Emergency escape cabin. After the initial chaos, the Russian nuclear submarine has made great efforts to rectify the safety issues in the design, and the later models have been very significantly improved. The technology of the Russian submarine is worthy of China's introduction, mainly in power and boats. Body design and manufacturing, and noise reduction.
For example, in nuclear power plants, although the early reactors of Russian submarines are extremely unreliable-there have been more than 10 reactor loss accidents in nuclear submarines around the world (causing reactors to lose cooling capacity, burning down the core and causing serious radioactive pollution) , Almost all come from nuclear submarines built in the early Soviet Union.
But by the time the Soviet Union disintegrated, the OK-650M series of third-generation reactors used in Russian submarines had been made relatively complete. Not only did it have a larger power (190-200 MW), but also higher reliability and easy installation and maintenance. . In the design and manufacture of the hull, the Soviet Union, due to the long-term weapon performance competition with the United States, attaches great importance to the speed and maximum depth of the submarine. Therefore, it has invested a lot in the field of high-strength submarine steel and its welding.
For example, its AK-series steel-made submarines-such as the 971 Akula nuclear submarine with AK-32 (yield strength higher than 980MPA), can reach a depth of 610 meters. At the same time, due to a large amount of accumulated experience and lessons in the use of nuclear submarines at large depths and high speeds, Soviet Russia’s level of nuclear submarine hull structure design is also difficult for my country to achieve. For example, more than ten years ago, China's general submarine specifications still used the strength theory of the early Soviet Union, and the applicable submarine depth range was far lower than the performance indicators of the main submarines of the United States and Russia.
971 The streamlined, low-resistance and low-noise enclosure design of nuclear submarines is one of the important achievements of Soviet submarines. It was formed when the speed record was created (for example, the 44.7 knots-83 km/h of the 661P experimental boat). In the later Soviet submarine models, the mute performance was greatly improved, and even the United States also had a very high threat.
to suppress and weaken the noise of the submarine, it involves not only the large inclined propeller, but also the hull shape, surface opening treatment, vibration reduction and isolation of the internal mechanical transmission system, and fluid noise of the pipeline. Kind of aspect. There are too few submarine models independently developed in China, and the accumulation in this area is still quite poor.
