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On the evening of October 13, 1952, soldiers of the 9th Company of the 45th Division of the Volunteer Army guarding the 45th Division of the Volunteer Army on the Ganling , as usual, went to the front of the position to conduct close reconnaissance. As soon as they left the position, they discovered the situation: the searchlight on the opposite position " United Nations Army " illuminated the night sky, with the sound of people, the noise and the sound of motors of various vehicles. The warrior immediately understood that a great war was coming.
hour hand walked to 4:30 am the next morning. The sudden sound of cannons shook the Five Sacred Mountains in the central Korean Peninsula. The 597.9 highlands and 537.7 highlands in the southeast were the first to be hit. The rolling smoke enveloped the entire mountain, the trees were burning, the rocks were blown into powder, the soldiers hiding in the tunnel were shocked to the point of tinnitus, their teeth were broken, their tongues and lips were broken, and their ears were shocked so that the sound of guns and cannons could not be heard. Just saw signal flares flying around, and the stones at the top of the tunnel fell down. The "United Nations Army" concentrated 16 artillery battalions , 27 tanks and 40 aircraft, pouring firepower to the two unknown hills at a density of 6 rounds per second. All the fortifications on the mountain were wiped out, and only the shallow ditch without ankles remained in the trench nearly two meters...
, which has been recorded in history, kicked off in the enemy's crazy artillery fire.
In the Shangganling position in October 1952, under the cover of powerful artillery fire, the volunteer army launched a fierce counterattack against the enemy at the Beishan position. The Battle of Shangganling produced the "Shangganling Spirit". After this battle, the US military never launched an attack of more than a battalion against the Volunteers. The Korean War has since stabilized at the 38th degree north latitude online
The bloody battle that was climaxed from the beginning
3 October 14, 1952 was a sunny day, but most survivors on the battlefield in Shangganling reminisced, they all said that it was a cloudy day. Because within this day, the "United Nations Forces" fired more than 300,000 artillery shells at Shangganling. Among them, the 454.4 highland, which is the flank position of the main attack target, was poured out 40,000 shells; five blocking fires were carried out at Wusheng Mountain, each lasting for 30 minutes, with a fire density of 6 shells per second; the aircraft bombing and dropping bombs reached about 500; the infantry charges totaled 40 times, and the smoke in the sky made people unable to remember the appearance of the sun.
At 4:30 am, after the artillery fire extended, the 32nd Regiment of the 2nd Division of the South Korean Army, the 31st Regiment of the 7th Division of the United States, and the 17th Regiment of the 7th Division of the United States, under the cover of 37 tanks, more than 40 aircraft, and more than 200 cannons, divided into six groups and launched an attack on the two positions of Beishan defended by the 135th Regiment of the Volunteer Army. When the firepower is at a disadvantage, the automatic weapon positions that are not covered are either destroyed or are blocked by the dust caused by artillery fire. But even so, the fortifications hidden in the dark still play a huge role, and the infantry are very brave to charge. At 14:00, the volunteers were forced to retreat to the tunnel to defend due to excessive casualties and exhaustion of ammunition. Among them, the 9th Company, which defended 597.9, at 14 o'clock, the health officers, number officers, , deputy instructors, and cultural instructors of the company command post all participated in the battle and died heroically.
During the Battle of Shangganling, the 597.9 highland and 537.7 highland and 537.7 highland troughs, earth and rocks were blown away 1 to 2 meters
Because the main peak was not occupied by the enemy, at 19 o'clock, the volunteer army took advantage of the unstable foothold of the "United Nations Army" and launched a 5-minute artillery fire strike to prepare for counterattacking the occupied positions. Then, the two platoons of the 7th Company of the 135th Regiment, the 2nd Company, the 3rd Company, and the 5th Company of the 134th Regiment, were quickly launched by the two platoons of the 7th Company of the 135th Regiment. After three hours of fierce fighting, the volunteers regained their positions and wiped out their opponents. That night, the 15th Army of the Volunteer Army decided to change the artillery originally planned to counterattack the Nanshan Mountain of Zhuzidong to support the Shangganling operation, and transferred one battalion of the 134th Regiment and the 133rd Regiment as the reserve team of the two highlands.
The first day of the battle ended, and the next day was a more cruel second.At 5 a.m. on the 15th, more than 30 B29s of the US Air Force lined up in five rows, and Xiang Shangganling was repairing fortifications. Volunteer counterattack troops bombed wildly, and then 300 enemy artillery fired for nearly an hour. By 7:40 a.m., the 32nd Regiment of the 7th Division of the US Army, the 32nd Regiment of the 2nd Division of the South Korean Army, and the 1st Battalion of the 31st Regiment of the 31st Regiment of the South Korean Army, had two charges in a dense formation under the cover of 26 tanks, and were both repelled by the artillery fire of the Volunteer Army. After reorganizing the organization, the "United Nations Forces" launched another charge at 8 o'clock. After repeated struggles, by 15 o'clock, our army's garrison troops were exhausted and the casualties were too large, so they had to turn into the tunnel to fight. At this time, the 537.7 surface position was lost, and although the 597.9 highland troops repelled 17 charges from the "United Nations Army" within one day and regained the surface position of the main peak twice, positions 2, 5 and 6 were all lost. In addition, at 12 o'clock, two companies of the "United Nations Army" launched an attack on the unknown highlands in the southeast of 454.4 to cooperate with the offensive operations against 597.9, and were both repelled.
The remaining dead tree trunks embedded in shrapnel in the Battle of Shangganling are now in the collection of the Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution. In the first phase of the Battle of Shangganling, the enemy and us invested a lot of live power in a narrow area of less than 4 square kilometers, and used extremely fierce heavy firepower
After the night, the 1st Battalion of the 134th Regiment launched a counterattack against 597.9. The enemy's firepower was very fierce. As the second company of the second echelon, the bombing of artillery fire had completely changed the terrain and the entrance to the tunnel could not be found. In the absence of effective cover, the casualties were very serious. Although the 1st and 3rd companies, which were not supported by the second company, once regained their superficial positions, under the enemy's overnight counterattack, they had to give up their positions and retreat back to the tunnel because of their lack of success. The 1st Company of the 133rd Regiment and its reconnaissance platoon launched a counterattack against 537.7 Beishan. After 6 repeated battles, all of them were restored to their positions at dawn. On this day, it rained lightly. After the battle, the dense corpses of the enemy and our army were covered with the mountain, and blood gathered into a stream, flowing down the mountain.
easily "showdown" turned into vicious gambling
At 8 a.m. on October 16, the 32nd Regiment and 37th Regiment of the 2nd Division of the South Korean Army ran from Shanxian to Beishan, North Mountain, and launched an attack on the volunteer army. After more than ten charges, the South Korean army captured the Volunteer Army positions No. 4, 5 and 6 at 14:00. At 15:50, the Volunteer Army's deep artillery fire broke out for 5 minutes. Then the 1st Platoon and 3rd Platoon of the 9th Company of the 133rd Regiment launched a counterattack. The attacking team chased the barrage and shot with light machine guns. The combat team covered each other in a triangle shape, recovered all positions in Beishan, the 537.7 highland, at the cost of 8 casualties, and killed more than 310 enemies. At 18:20, the South Korean army dispatched six companies to attack two platoons that were holding their positions, and the two sides fought fiercely until 23:30. Although the volunteer army caused serious damage to the South Korean army, it failed to curb the offensive of the South Korean army and retreated into the tunnel to defend. On the other hand, the two battalions of the 17th Regiment of the 7th Division launched a continuous attack on the foot of the Northeast Mountain of 597.9 at 12:30. After repelling the U.S. charges five times, the volunteers retreated into the tunnel to defend.
The battle this day was also extremely cruel, and the 537.7 highland Beishan changed hands twice. After the adjustment, the artillery fire of the Volunteer Army was strengthened. Song Chungen, the battalion commander of the 2nd Battalion of the 31st Regiment of the South Korean Army, was shocked that the Volunteer Army fired more than 4,000 artillery shells in one day. It was during this day's battle that they discovered that the Volunteer Army was hiding in the tunnel and holding on when the artillery fire attacked. During the battle on the 16th, 15 companies of the 45th Division of the Volunteer Army had already been put into battle, the US military had invested 3 battalions and 9 infantry companies, and the South Korean troops had nearly 4 regiments and tens of thousands of people. The use of troops had completely lost control. The game that originally thought was an easy "showdown" to show its absolute advantage had become a "vicious gambling."
At 24:00 at night, the volunteers began to counterattack. The first was the artillery attack that lasted for 10 minutes, including two battalions of rocket launchers volleys, effectively killing the second echelon of the "United Nations Army". Then the 7th Company of the 134th Regiment counterattacked the 597.9 Highland. After the frontal attack was blocked, it attacked the enemy's side and rear with four squads, successfully annihilated the defending enemy and restored most of its positions. But the "United Nations Forces" quickly dispatched two platoons to counterattack, and the volunteers retreated to the tunnel at 5 a.m. on the 17th.
, and in the 537.7 highland Beishan, the Volunteer Army launched a counterattack by the 3rd Company and the 9th Company of the 133rd Regiment at 3 am on the 17th. As the second echelon, the division's engineer company has the combat intention: once the 3rd Company and 9th Company successfully counterattack, they will be responsible for building fortifications; if the 3rd Company and 9th Company are unfavorable in counterattack, they will be the second commando. After the Volunteer Army launched artillery fire attacks, the two enemy companies first launched an attack on the Volunteer Army. Then the Volunteer Army was attacked by enemy artillery fire during the movement, with more than half of the casualties and had to temporarily retreat into the tunnel. At 5 a.m., the volunteers launched another artillery attack, and the third company took the opportunity to counterattack and restored the main peak position.
html The battle in the early morning of the 317th was very fierce, with serious casualties, and the enemy's offensive did not show any recession, which means that the battle surrounding Shangganling will not end in a short period of time. At this time, the senior command organization of the Volunteer Army began to adjust its thinking and decided to focus on two points in the future combat direction planning: first, use more artillery and less manpower, and reduce casualties by creating firepower advantages; second, plan for the worst, emphasize that the troops should enter the tunnel fortifications in advance, rely on the tunnel fortifications to counterattack, and avoid casualties in the movement.
17 There was no big battle during the day. The "United Nations Army"'s first-level attack on Beishan, the 537.7 highland, was repelled, and the main peak position was always controlled by the volunteer army. At 15:00, the two battalions of the "United Nations Army" approached the Volunteer Army positions from Ganfengli and Xiasuli, respectively. They were both attacked by the Volunteer Army artillery fire and then gave up the attack.
The US military's medical rescue station near Shangganling is rescuing injured U.S. soldiers transported from the front line. From October 14 to 20, the two sides fought repeatedly for the surface positions around Shangganling. With its strong will and renewed renewal forces, the Volunteer Army effectively resisted the attack of the "United Nations Army" and killed a large number of opponents
17 On the night of the day, the Volunteer Army organized tunnel troops and the 6th Company of the 135th Regiment to counterattack the 597.9 Highland. The 6th Company tried to intersperse the side and rear of the position to launch an attack, but was discovered by a searchlight on the way and exposed. After half an hour of fierce fighting, the volunteers returned to the southeast of the 454.4 Highlands. In addition, the tunnel troops defending Beishan on the 537.7 high ground launched a counterattack at the foot of the Northeast Mountain and once restored the No. 6 position, but because they were outnumbered, they then retreated to the main peak.
htmlOn the 318th, the 17th Regiment of the South Korean Army and the 17th Regiment of the US Army continued to expand their attacks based on the occupied positions; at 6 o'clock, all the volunteers retreated to the tunnel fortifications, and all the superficial positions were occupied by the "United Nations Army". Subsequently, the "United Nations Army" began to concentrate its efforts to destroy the fortifications of the Volunteer Army, and the tunnel troops of the Volunteer Army took the initiative to attack with the support of deep artillery fire in the rear to protect the entrance of the fortifications. On the night of the 18th, the volunteers did not launch a counterattack, but instead rested and accumulated strength in the tunnel fortifications, and planned to launch a counterattack on the night of the 19th.
19 was the day when the volunteers were under the greatest pressure in the first phase of the Shangganling Battle. The "United Nations Army" at all costs destroyed the fortifications of the Volunteer Army, blocking bombs, setting fires of flamethrowers, blasting explosives, and burying bulldozing, and doing everything they can. Among them, the damage and threats caused by the South Korean army are particularly serious.
Although the volunteers did not have enough experience in keeping the tunnel at the time and lacked corresponding ideological preparations, they were very anxious and felt at a loss, but later they continued to accumulate experience in the battle and found effective means of coping. Through artillery fire and counterattack cooperation inside and outside the tunnel, the "United Nations Army"'s sabotage operation was eventually repelled. At 17:30 that day, the volunteers used two rocket artillery battalions to fire volleys and carried out a 10-minute artillery attack. Under the cover of artillery fire, the 4th and 8th companies of the 134th Regiment were very quick and occupied the position in just 20 minutes, killing all exposed enemies.
At the same time, in another combat direction, the volunteer army carried out a rocket launcher volley strike again at 17:50, with the target of 537.7 Beishan. At 18:00, the 6th Company of the 134th Regiment, the Division Reconnaissance Team, and the Engineer Company launched a fierce assault, restoring all positions within 20 minutes, and repelling the enemy's continuous counterattack.
20 At 5:40 am on the 20th, the two battalions of the 17th Regiment of the South Korean Army launched a fierce attack at any cost under the cover of more than 30 aircraft and a large number of artillery fire. After repelling more than 40 enemy charges in a row, the volunteer army retreated into the tunnel fortifications again at 14:30.
From October 14 to 20, the two sides repeatedly competed for the surface positions of the small Shangganling. The "United Nations Army" used 2 to 6 battalions of troops to attack almost every day, while the Volunteer Army used 2 to 7 companies to defend themselves using tunnel fortifications and counterattacked at night. During this stage, the "United Nations Army" invested 17 infantry battalions (9 US troops and 8 South Korean troops) , and attacked wildly with its air strength and artillery advantages; but the Volunteer Army still effectively resisted the attack of the "United Nations Army" with its strong will and the continuous replenishment of new forces, and killed a large number of opponents. In particular, the Volunteer Army made excellent 7 organized and planned counterattacks, and restored positions three times, partially restored positions four times, annihilated more than 7,000 enemies, but it also suffered 3,200 casualties. After many days of high-intensity fierce battles, the Volunteer Army once again determined that the Shangganling Battle could not end in a short period of time. In order to consider long-term combat planning and avoid institutional chaos caused by casualties and reorganization, the Volunteer Army decided to reorganize its forces and adjust its deployment, and focus on key and prepared counterattack operations in the future. From the 20th, all volunteer troops from the two high grounds were transferred to the tunnel to defend. In the first phase of the Shangganling Battle, the battle for superficial positions came to an end, and followed by more harsh tunnel operations.
During the Battle of Shangganling, volunteer soldiers who were standing on the position shot at the enemy. The volunteer army's tenacious fighting will in the Battle of Shangganling was beyond the imagination of the US military, and countless heroic deeds emerged
Heroes immortal
In the first phase of the battle of the Battle of Shangganling, both the enemy and us invested a large amount of live power in a narrow area of less than 4 square kilometers and used extremely fierce heavy firepower. The battle was fierce, the attack and counterattack were day and night, and countless heroic deeds emerged from it.
19 At 5:30 on the 19th, the volunteer army launched a counterattack on the 597.9 Highland. After a bloody battle in the middle of the night, the 135th Regiment's 6th Company and the 2nd Platoon of the 5th Company recovered positions No. 4, 5 and 6 one after another. When they attacked position No. 0, there were only 16 people left in the entire strengthening company . The US military set up a mother-child fort consisting of four bunkers in position No. 0 and continued to resist stubbornly. At this time, the 6th Company soldiers Huang Jiguang, Wu Sanyang and Xiao Dengliang formed a combat team to blast. The three of them alternately covered and quickly blew up two sub-forts, but Wu Sanyang was killed and Xiao Dengliang was seriously injured. Only Huang Jiguang crawled towards the main fort with injuries, climbed to the main fort and threw grenades .
main fort is very large, and the grenade only collapses in one corner. The US military inside changes a shooting hole to continue firing. Huang Jiguang, who had been injured in seven places, climbed to the shooting corner of the bunker. Instructor Feng Yuqing was still confused: "Huang Jiguang has no weapons anymore, why is he still crawling forward?" At this moment, Huang Jiguang jumped up, opened his arms and blocked the shooting hole of the main castle with his chest. Seeing all this, Feng Yuqing jumped up from the ground and shouted "Avenge Huang Jiguang". The angry soldiers took advantage of the enemy's inability to open fire to conquer the No. 0 position in one fell swoop.
In addition to Huang Jiguang, many heroes and martyrs also emerged in the first phase of the Shangganling Battle, such as Chinese People's Volunteer Army first-level combat hero Sun Zhanyuan. In the counterattack against the position of 597.9 Highland 2 on October 14, he led all platoon soldiers to take the assault mission to seize the position. Under the dense firepower of the enemy, Sun Zhanyuan was seriously injured. After his legs were broken, he still crawled with severe pain and stood firm. Using machine gun cover, Sun Zhanyuan continuously blew up the enemy's firepower points and commanded the enemy's counterattack twice in a row. Finally, when the ammunition was exhausted and the comrades were killed one after another, while the enemy was approaching, they pulled the grenade and died together with the enemy.
gegalev light machine gun
In the Battle of Shangganling, Sun Zhanyuan chose to return to the enemy in such a way that Sun Zhanyuan chose to return to the same place as the enemy. The heroes of Yu Zong are not just him. There are 38 similar combat heroes who have clearly left their names and deeds: Ma Zhongbao, Wang Wancheng, Wang Yuting, Wang Xinfa, Long Shichang, Sun Ziming , Tian Liming, An Guichou, Niu Baocai...
In addition to these martyrs who died on the battlefield, there are also heroes who are alive to walk off the battlefield, such as the telephone squad leader Ning Deming. On the Shangganling battlefield, every inch of land was completely overturned by artillery fire, which made both wired communications relying on communication cable , or wireless communications relying on antennas, very fragile and unreliable on the battlefield. When the battle broke out, the communication line that the volunteer army had set up took half a year and was completely blown up within a few minutes.
In order to maintain smooth communication, the telephone soldiers represented by Ning Deming kept searching for cables that were blown up by artillery on the positions day and night and repairing them. Ning Deming himself, he inserted wires on the Shangganling position more than 300 times, with more than 600 wire heads, and both front teeth were pulled down and fell off because of biting the wire head. During these tasks, Ning Deming suffered three serious injuries.
It is precisely because of the sacrifice and efforts of these telephone soldiers that the troops in the Shangganling position tunnel can maintain communication with the rear. This is actually the key to the victory of the volunteer army in the entire Shangganling Battle - if the artillery in the rear could not know the situation ahead at all, how could they provide firepower support to the front-line positions? And this is just a small aspect of military communications.
Niu Baocai's phone is now in the collection of the Chinese People's Revolutionary Military Museum. On the first day of the Shangganling Battle, Niu Baocai, deputy squad leader of a certain unit of the Volunteer Army, braved the fierce artillery fire to pick up the telephone line on the position. During a wiring connection, Niu Baocai's left leg was interrupted by shrapnel. He reluctantly climbed to the broken line, bit one thread with his mouth, and pulled another thread with his hands, allowing the current to pass through his body to keep the command and contact unobstructed, until he sacrificed
, these heroes and martyrs who are still alive or have passed away, may no longer be familiar with others, but their merits will last forever.
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Author | Hou Zhijian
