November 12, 1944: The 9th and 617th Squadrons of the Royal Air Force (HTM1 Dambusters) sent a force of 32 long-range heavy bombers of Lancaster bombers (HTM2) to attack the German Navy battleship Tirpitz with a displacement of 49,948 metric tons in the Tromso Fjord in Norway. The attack was taken by a camera from the 463rd Squadron of the RAAF.
Tylpitz identification diagram prepared by the US Navy
Lancaster family is equipped with 12,030 pounds (5,457 kg) of high-foot cabinet bombs (Tallboy). They bombed from 12,000 to 16,000 feet (3,658–4,877 meters). Two of the bombs, , hit the battleship, one was very close to miss, and the other three were also very close, which may have caused overall losses. Many other Tallboy bombs landed in the torpedo net surrounding the ship and formed a pothole in the seabed , removing the sandy bottom that had accumulated under the hull of the Tirpitz to prevent her from sinking. Tirpitz immediately started to react and was shocked by the internal explosion. It capsizes and sinks into the seabed. 1,204 sailors were killed.
Identification map prepared by the US Navy
KMSTirpitz is a Bismarck-class battleship equipped with a main gun consisting of 8 38 cm (15 inches/52 caliber) main guns in four turrets. The guns have a maximum range of 22.7 miles (36.5 km) when firing 1,800 pounds (816 kg) of projectiles. Instead of using its heavy warships to fight directly with the British fleet, the German Navy raided the Atlantic Fleet . Merchant ships with destroyer escort are unprepared for battleships or battle cruisers . The Allies spent a huge amount of energy and resources throughout the war to contain or destroy Tirpitz.
Lancaster Bomber (AVROLancaster) is a four-engine long-range heavy bomber. It is not as fast as the US B-17 flight fortress, but is able to fly longer distances with heavier bomb loads. It is operated by seven crew members: pilot, flight engineer, navigator, radio operator, bomb sight/node gunner, top gunner and tail gunner. The "Lanc" is 69 feet 4 inches (21.133 meters) long, with a wingspan of 102 feet (31.090 meters) and a total height of 20 feet 6 inches (6.248 meters). When carrying a 22,000 lb (9,979 kg) Grand Slam bomb , its maximum take-off weight (MTOW) is 72,000 lb (32,657 kg).
1943 The Lancaster bomber under construction at the Avro factory in Woodford, Cheshire was powered by four liquid-cooled, supercharged, displacement of 1,648.96 cubic inches (27.01 liters) Rolls-Royce MerlinXX or PackardV-1650 Single Overhead Camshaft (SOHC) 60°V-12 engines rated to produce 1,480 horsepower at 3,000rpm to 6,000 feet (1,829 meters). They rotated the Triazad Haverland Hydromatic constant speed propeller with a diameter of 13 feet (3.962 meters) through 0.420:1 gear reduction.
These Merlin engines are the same as those that power the Supermarine Spitfire, Hawker Hurricane and North American P-51 Mustang fighters, with a maximum speed of 282 mph (456 km/h) and 63,000 pounds (28,576 km/h) at 13,000 feet (3,962 meters) of weight. Service cap is 21,400 feet (6,523 meters) and a maximum range of 2,530 miles (4,073 kilometers).
standard Lancaster's defensive weapons include 8 BrowningMarkII.303 caliber machine guns, located in three power turrets, nose, back and tail. The modified bomber deleted various gun combinations to reduce weight.
Tallboy (bomb, medium capacity, 12,000 lbs) is a special explosion bomb designed to drop from high altitude to reach supersonic , and then go deep into the ground 90 feet (27 meters) before detonation.
It is made of a special hardened steel shell containing 5,200 pounds (2,358 kg) of bomb ( explosive .The bomb was designed by Barnes Wallis, who also designed the special bombs used by the Dambusters in the 1943 raid on the famous Ruhr Valley hydropower station, as well as the 22,000-pound (10,000 kilograms) Grand Slam bomb. Tallboy and GrandSlam bombs were very successful in dealing with U-boat fences and sturdy underground rocket facilities.
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