Before reading this article, please click "Follow" to facilitate discussion and sharing, but also bring you a different sense of participation. Thank you for your support!
Introduction:
When World War II is about to end, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union held a discussion on the post-war world pattern at the Yalta Conference .
A few words of conversation and laughter from the three old people determined the survival of hundreds of millions of people after the war. In various events, the people of the Korean Peninsula, which were originally a family, were torn apart into two countries under the interference of the great powers.
Yalta's three giants
Democratic fighters from both the north and the south fought tirelessly for national reunification, but they were almost suppressed by the United States and the Soviet Union through various means.
In the end, in the north, only the North Korean Committee of the Communist Party of Korea led by Kim Il-sung was left, and in the south, only the US-supported , Lee Seung-man regime remained.
Both sides held elections privately with the support of the forces behind them, and both claimed that they were the only legal government, so the conflict between the two sides became increasingly fierce.
Therefore, more than 2,000 military conflicts broke out around 38th parallel , and in the end the north could not bear it anymore. With the promise of the Soviet Union, North Korea launched a large-scale attack on South Korea, and the Korean War officially broke out.
War escalation
In the early days of the war, most of the North Korean troops were troops that were exiled to China and participated in my country's war of anti-Japanese and liberation, while most of the South were temporary pieces of troops composed by the United States, and the result was self-evident.
In just two months, the North Korean People's Army attacked from all sides and basically occupied 95% of the land on the peninsula. The Lee Seung-man regime had to shrink Busan , while struggling to support it and seeking help from the United States.
and the United States responded quickly. After all, South Korea was the meat it had worked hard to snatch from the Soviet Union. How could it be so easy to give Stalin ?
So, the US general MacArthur led more than 300 warships and more than 500 aircraft to launch an offensive against Incheon in the central part of the peninsula and quickly broke through the positions of the Korean People's Army.
The Korean army began to retreat under the strong offensive of the US military, and soon all the land occupied south of the 38th parallel will be lost.
The United States was not satisfied at this time. MacArthur openly claimed that he would completely clear the peninsula of communism, so he commanded his troops to cross the 38th parallel, and the US air force even carried out large-scale bombings on China's northeastern border area.
They believe that China will not counter the actions of the US military, so they dare to do whatever they want.
And we all know that China sent volunteer troops to North Korea and won the war. However, in the early stages of the war, let alone the West had a negative attitude towards China, even in China, many people opposed the sending of troops.
China's concerns
In 1950, China was carrying out internal economic adjustments and a campaign to suppress the reactionaries.
In politics, the Communist Party of China has gained national power for the first time, and has reached a blank area. Many things need to be explored by themselves.
In terms of economy, China had just experienced the worst economic crisis in history at that time. Although the government tried its best to adjust, it still needed time to recover.
Chairman Mao
And the social environment is even more difficult. Although Han of the People's Republic of China was established, there are still a large number of reactionaries in many areas, requiring a large amount of manpower to suppress it.
. Tibet was not liberated at that time, so it is no exaggeration to describe the domestic situation as a mess.
But at this time, the US military made such a big noise in the Northeast, and followed by the North Korean government's request for help.
At this time, an important question was placed before the leaders of the Communist Party of China. Should we temporarily endure the demise of North Korea's socialist regime, or temporarily put down domestic issues and send troops to North Korea to maintain stability in the international environment.
Stalin
The leadership of the Communist Party of China at that time clearly realized that the Soviet Union would not end easily due to various realistic considerations.
The Soviet Union will definitely support China in sending troops to North Korea with military promises. In that case, if China wins, the Soviet Union will maintain security in the southeast.
If China loses, the Soviet Union will not lose much, and it can also take advantage of China's defeat to strengthen interference in China's political and economic affairs.
After fierce discussion, the CPC Central Committee headed by Chairman Mao decided to send volunteer troops to North Korea.
The reason is that one is that the socialist North Korea cannot be subverted. The other is that after the US military crossed the 38th parallel, the Northeast, which was originally the strategic rear, instantly became the front line, seriously affecting the industrial and economic security of New China.
At the same time, the US military Seventh Fleet entered Taiwan Strait , hindering the war of unity that was originally planned to launch against the bandits of Chiang Kai-shek in Taiwan. This behavior has interfered with China's internal affairs
The North Korean game between China and the United States
In the world at that time, Westerners laughed loudly after hearing that China participated in the war.
In their eyes, the image of the Chinese is still stuck in the era of Opium War and the Eight-Nation Alliance invasion of China.
Even if China is a victorious country in World War II, many Westerners think it is the credit of the US and Soviet troops. Even the defeated Japan believes that it failed to the United States rather than China.
But soon, the cruel reality shattered all their imaginations.
Volunteer Army crossed the Yalu River
The 38th Army of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army , adapted from the Northeast Frontier Defense Force, took the lead in crossing the Yalu River on October 19, 1950.
Soon on the 25th, the first battle between China and the United States began. The volunteer army won the first battle, and caught the US military and the vassals of various countries off guard.
Then Peng Dehuai commanded the volunteer army to attack quickly, fully leveraging the volunteer army's own flexible tactics and North Korea's mountainous advantages, and making the US military's mechanized unit .
After the fifth battle, the People's Volunteer Army and the Korean People's Army jointly pushed the US military back to the 38th parallel area, completely shattering the daydream of the US military's desire to completely occupy the peninsula.
However, the US military was unwilling to withdraw its troops. During the first armistice negotiations in 1951, China asked the US military to withdraw all its troops from the peninsula, but was rejected by the US and the negotiations broke down.
Shangganling Battle
After that, the battle continued to start. In order to completely defeat the volunteer army, the US military launched three large-scale battles in succession, namely Blood Ridge, Sad Ridge, and Shangganling . Although the volunteer army was in harsh conditions and suffered heavy casualties, it still withstood the pressure and also caused large-scale damage to the US military.
After these three battles, the US military was completely defeated and was no longer able to launch a large-scale attack.
finally signed a ceasefire agreement with China and North Korea in 1953, " Korean Armistice Agreement " and " Interim Supplementary Agreement on Armistice Agreement ", and the Korean War ended as a result.
In response to this, the general in charge of signing the armistice agreement, Clark said "I am the first American general in American history to not sign the Victory Treaty."
The impact of the war on the West
The most direct impact of the Korean War is on the peninsula where the battlefield is located. Although this war has ceased, the peninsula has lost its only opportunity to unify, and the peninsula remains divided to this day.
In order to be vigilant of his former brothers, both sides maintained a huge military system, and thus formed a mountain that was pressing on the heads of the people of both countries.
And for China, this war is a war that changes its own destiny.
Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China
Once upon a time, facing the strong ships and powerful guns of Western powers, the weak old Chinese government could only bow down.
From the late Qing Dynasty to the War of Resistance Against Japan, all the warlords who ruled China were warlords, and all the Chinese governments were oppressing internally and begging externally, which made Westerners mention that China is the image of the sick man in East Asia.
However, it was not until the end of the Korean War that the West discovered that the socialist red China had completely drawn a line with the original old China. China was no longer the country that was once slaughtered.
After this battle, China completely cleared out the military harassment of external forces on China. Although the US military still spanned the Taiwan Strait, protecting the gang of Chiang Kai-shek and preventing the mainland from unifying China, their idea of obstructing China's development has been ruined.
In the following decades, Western countries led by the United States also gained a new understanding of China.
For the United States, the main messenger of the Korean War, the originally arrogant US military was defeated by the Chinese army with "built" weapons on the battlefield, which was equivalent to hitting the cover of the sky with a blow.
Although the US military also had generals like Li Qiwei who were good at learning during the war, which made the volunteer army suffer, overall, the US military was still chilling at the volunteer army's tactics and tactics. For a long time, the Volunteer Army's Charge became a nightmare for US soldiers.
also started from this time. The US military began to invest a lot of resources to develop night combat equipment, such as night vision , tactical eyepiece, radar and other sensing equipment, in order to deal with the volunteer army's night raid tactics.
also has also been a suppressed topic since then.
The United States, which claims to be free speech, suppresses this topic deeply, and even has the taste of literary inquisition , which makes people sigh!
In the UN army, in addition to the United States and a group of little brothers, there are also old capitalist countries such as Britain and France that have just recovered from World War II.
Because Britain has always pursued isolationism and has long followed the political policy of the United States, it also made a lot of efforts in the Korean War, investing a total of two brigades, more than 14,000 people, as well as 21 naval ships and 80 aircraft.
In this war, the number of casualties in Britain was 1/3 of the original number, with a total of 710 people killed, of which 2,278 were injured, 1,263 were missing, and 766 were captured, totaling 5,017 people.
's serious defeat on the Korean battlefield directly led to the failure of the British Labor Party in 1951 general election. Since then, Britain and the United States have begun to embark on the path of sanctions against socialist China.
But their troops were very honest. When the United States signed a ceasefire agreement with China and North Korea, the British army immediately evacuated North Korea. The British commander said they had been in this place for too long.
and France's losses are much less than that.
During World War II, the French liberating organization " Free France " had many conflicts with the United States on various issues. The United States even wanted to support and maintain the French government to control France.
Therefore, after this war, although France also received US aid, it was also disunited from the United States.
So when the Korean War broke out and the United States asked countries to participate in the war, France only invested one battalion, about 1,300 people. As a result, after entering North Korea, he experienced several serious battles and finally had to invest more than 1,000 people.
Finally, after the war ended, according to statistics from the French government, more than 1,000 people were killed and captured.
This fights , on the one hand, allows France to see the true face of the new China. China is no longer the country that can be ravaged by others.
On the other hand, France also recognizes the American self-interested thought.
During the war, the United States once ignored international influence and announced that it would use the atomic bomb to attack the Chinese army, which scared France and other countries, and internally created a trend of ideological opposition to the US control over Europe.
Since then, France has gradually embarked on the road of independent development.
In January 1959, Charles de Gaulle officially announced his position as the President of France and began to actively develop anti-American independence diplomacy.
and became the first Western country to establish diplomatic relations with China in 1964, breaking the diplomatic blockade of Western countries for China and making indelible contributions to China's socialist exploration .
General Charles de Gaulle
And these were all possible after the Korean War.
The impact of the war on the East
After the Korean War, it was not only a bombshell for Western countries, but also a blow to the allies of the Eastern United States.
Although Japan at that time was labeled as a defeated country by the United States, because Chiang Kai-shek's bandits retreated to Taiwan and the New China became a socialist country in , , Japan was rebuilt by the United States as an anti-communist bridgehead.
However, when they dreamed of returning to developed countries as soon as possible, news of the Korean War ceasefire came, and this incident also caused an uproar in the Japanese political arena.
Although Japan achieved economic reconstruction by supporting the US military during the Korean War, the results of the Korean War told them a cruel fact.
That is the "big fat meat" next door, and it is no longer the sick man of East Asia back then! I may have taken off my economy in a short period of time, but the so-called dream of perseverance will never be realized again.
So, after the Korean War, Japan was no longer the country that dreamed of leading the yellow race, but became a loyal dog that the United States restrained China in East Asia.
In 1972, after Sino-US relations broke through, Japan immediately followed its master to show goodwill to China and apologized for the heinous crimes committed that year for the first time.
Chairman Mao and then Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka
For China, the most favorable impact of the Korean War on itself was the impact on the Soviet Union.
Originally in the early 1950s, although China and the Soviet Union signed the " Sino-Soviet Friendship Alliance and Mutual Assistance Treaty ", both sides knew that this alliance was a "asymmetric alliance."
The Soviet Union was one of the only superpowers in the world that could fight against the United States. Its GDP had reached 510.2 billion US dollars that year, while China's total value was about 60 billion yuan, and its overall strength was simply incomparable to the Soviet Union.
And the Soviet Union took advantage of this. To them, China is not an "alliance", but rather a "bridgehead" and "buffer belt".
However, after the Korean War, the Soviet Union saw the strength of this great Eastern power. From then on, China no longer regarded as a supporting brother, but a great power equal to itself.
China-Soviet Friendship
After a long time, both China and the Soviet Union maintained friendly relations. The Soviet Union invested 156 projects for China, and countless Soviet scientists dedicated their youth to the land of China, leaving behind many beautiful talks.
Korean War was the founding battle of China.
Chinese People's Liberation Army
After this, China completely shattered the plaque of the sick man in East Asia, the brand new oriental lion officially awakened, Chinese history completely drew a clear line with the old era of the past, and gradually entered a new and bright future!
