In 1949, the Kuomintang was in a desperate situation. A large number of Kuomintang soldiers either surrendered or were captured, and some were uprising. The People's Liberation Army was busy just by recruiting these Kuomintang soldiers. On April 23, Wang Jianan, commander of the Seventh Corps of the People's Liberation Army, accepted a national army of more than 800 people. This army was led by a national army officer. It was not a rare thing to accept a national army of uprising of such a scale, but this team made Wang Jianan a little difficult.
Because the National Army officer who revolted with this team was Fang Buzhou. He was once a member of the Red Army and a famous teacher. He was such a veteran Red Army soldier who defected in 1937 and defected to the Kuomintang. Now he turned against him again. It is difficult for people like this to believe in him. How to resettle him after the incorporation is a difficult problem. After Wang Jianan thought hard, he felt that no matter how to deal with it, he could only report this matter to Chen Yi . After Chen Yi learned about this, he said: He will be punished for his crimes and will not be allowed to join the party again.
Fang Buzhou's original name was Xiang Shengping. He was from Daye City, Hubei Province. Because his mother's surname was Fang, he was later named Fang Buzhou. His family conditions were superior, which made him have no worries about food and clothing since childhood and had a smooth flow. It may also be because of his family that he had never suffered since childhood that he joined the revolution after he joined the revolution, which laid the groundwork for his later defection.
When he was young, Fang Buzhou studied in Wuhan, where he was exposed to democratic revolution and Marxist-Leninist ideas. Under the influence of revolutionary thought, he also actively participated in revolutionary activities. Later, he worked in the workers and peasant movement in his hometown. He joined our party in 1927 and later participated in the Nanchang Uprising . In 1929, he served as the commander of the Independent Division of the Red Army in Southeast Hubei. At that time, he had more than 500 people and more than 300 guns in his hand. In the next few years, after hard fighting, Fang Buzhou gradually established a revolutionary base in the southeastern Hubei region of . He was very good at mobilizing the masses, so he had a high prestige among the local people and the Red Army. He was also very good at fighting guerrillas. He often took the Red Army to attack the enemy by unexpectedly taking the enemy off guard. The independent division he led was also famous for a while and had great military achievements.
1930, the Kuomintang reactionaries carried out a large-scale "encirclement and suppression" in southeastern Hubei and Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Soviet Area. At that time, Fang Buzhou's independent division cooperated with the Red 16th Division to launch a counterattack against the enemy. In this battle, Fang Buzhou showed excellent combat command capabilities. Later, the Independent Division was reorganized into the Red Army Independent Third Division, appointing Fang Buzhou as the secretary of the Southeast Hubei Prefectural Committee. At this time, he was already the main leader of the Southeast Hubei region. Later, under his leadership, the strength of the southeast Hubei region reached unprecedented strength.
933 The Third Independent Division of the Red Army and two other local troops merged into the Red 17th Army, Zhang Tao was appointed as the commander of the army, and Fang Buzhou served as the political commissar of the 17th Army. These are enough to prove how high Fang Buzhou's status and qualifications were in the Red Army, so that his later rebellion shocked and saddened many people. That winter, the Kuomintang launched the fifth "encirclement and suppression" against the Central Soviet Area. The Red 17th Army did not fight head-on with the enemy, but annihilated the enemy in the movement. This kind of fighting style worked very well, annihilated more than 1,000 enemies. However, such great results also made the commander of the Red 17th Army a little relaxed. Before the enemy was completely defeated, he actually ordered the troops to rest, and this rest lasted for seven days and seven nights. Such a major mistake as
gave the enemy a breathing time. In these days, the enemy transferred several times more troops than our army, and then launched a front and back attack on the Red 17th Army. At this time, the Red 17th Army was too late to react and could only rise up and resist, but facing several times the enemy, it was useless. In the end, the Red 17th Army suffered heavy casualties and only a few people broke through. This major mistake caused the commander of the 17th Army to be severely punished and his post was also removed. The Red 17th Army was seriously reduced due to the number of troops and its number was also cancelled.
The failure of the Red 17th Army did not affect Fang Buzhou. During that time, he happened to have other jobs and was not in the army.After the Red 17th Army was revoked, the Red 16th Division became the only main force in the base area. Without the cooperation of the Red 17th Army, the Red 16th Division was not having a good life. In a battle, the Red 16th Division was besieged by the enemy, the division commander died in the battle, and the troops suffered heavy losses. At this time, Fang Buzhou, who had lost the 17th Army, was ordered to reorganize the 16th Division and continue to fight with the enemy. Unexpectedly, under his leadership, the battle miraculously turned defeat into victory. Afterwards, Fang Buzhou was appointed as the political commissar of the Red 16th Division.
Later, Fang Buzhou and others led the Red 16th Division to fight several more battles and seized a large number of weapons. Coupled with the previous good mass base, the Red 16th Division soon resumed its establishment. In 1935, Fang Buzhou led his troops to ambush the enemy in the Dayuan area. This battle was quite fruitful. There were four heavy machine guns alone, more than 300 rifles, and more than 200 enemies were captured. Later, the 16th Division defeated two regiments of the Northeast Army and the Cheng Iron Man Brigade, and also seized a large number of guns and ammunition. At this time, the Red 16th Division had recovered to three full regiments and the power of more than 5,000 people. It has to be said that under the conditions of the strong enemy and weak we, it is a great thing that the Red 16th Division can have the current situation.
So how could such an excellent commander betrayal? Here we will mention one person, that is Fu Qiutao, the then secretary of the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee.
1 In June 1935, the enemy encircled the Red 16th Division again. After discussing with Fu Qiutao, Fang Buzhou decided to break through from the direction of Xiushui . However, the enemy's defense line was too tight. No matter how hard the troops tried, they could not break through the enemy's defense line. In the end, they could only decide to divide the troops into three groups and break through from Maishihe. Fang Buzhou took the lead in crossing the Maishihe with his troops. However, the troops led by Fu Qiutao were too tired and rested on the spot, and thus missed the best opportunity to cross the river. When they were about to cross the river, the enemy had already blocked them, and they could only move forward in a different route.
But Fang Buzhou, who was the first to cross the river, did not know that they had changed their route and were waiting on the other side of the river that had been agreed in advance. However, this wait took five or six days. Fu Qiutao did not wait, but waited for the enemy's large army. Because of this, the troops led by Fang Buzhou were besieged again, with heavy casualties. In the end, only Fang Buzhou and dozens of others successfully broke through. After this incident, the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Provincial Committee lowered Fang Buzhou as the chief of staff on the charge of a command error. Fang Buzhou did not show any displeasure on the surface, and he also humbly accepted the lesson. But in fact, there was a conflict between him and Fu Qiutao.
More than a year later, Fang Buzhou was promoted again because of his superior performance in the battle and served as the commander of the Red 16th Division. Later, Fang Buzhou led the Red 16th Division to win a series of victory, which greatly increased the morale of the Red 16th Division. After the Xi'an Incident broke out in 1936, Fang Buzhou keenly realized that the form of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party might have undergone major changes, so he suggested that Fu Qiutao come to southeast Hubei to meet with the Red 16th Division to deal with the new situation of the war. Fu Qiutao accepted Fang Buzhou's suggestions.
But no one expected that the Kuomintang was lip service and was in disguise. On the surface, it was a peace talks with our party, but on the other hand, it did not stop the siege of our army. In January 1937, the Red 16th Division was attacked by the enemy in Damushan . After hastily facing the battle, it found that the enemy was dozens of times that of our army. The Red 16th Division was quickly defeated. Fu Qiutao and Fang Buzhou met and learned that Fang Buzhou was defeated. So at the post-war review meeting, Fu Qiutao asked to remove the position of Commander Fang Buzhou from the grounds that he led to the defeat of the battle on the grounds that he had wrong judgment.
originally had conflicts with Fu Qiutao. Fang Buzhou was very dissatisfied when he heard Fu Qiutao's words, so he argued with Fu Qiutao in public. However, his move was criticized in a concentrated manner and was finally issued a party member. Fang Buzhou has not seen many difficulties and dangers over the years, and he was not discouraged. However, this time he was expelled from the party. For Fang Buzhou, it was undoubtedly a thunderbolt, which made him see no hope for his prospects, and thus became pessimistic about his revolutionary cause.
However, at this time, Fang Buzhou made even worse. His pregnant wife was arrested by the enemy. The enemy sent a message to him that if he did not surrender, he would kill his wife, one corpse and two lives. This sudden change completely shook Fang Buzhou's belief. On March 21, 1937, Fang Buzhou left the army on the grounds of investigating the enemy situation. Five days later, he appeared at the garrison of the 121st Division of the Kuomintang Army and became a traitor to the Red Army.
At the beginning of the rebellion, Fang Buzhou repeatedly emphasized that he would not do anything to hurt the Communist Party for the Kuomintang, but from the moment he betrayed, his life could no longer be dominated by himself. Later, because he revealed the marching route of the Red 16th Division to the Kuomintang, the Red 16th Division was once again hit by the Kuomintang, and in the end only more than 200 people broke through. A qualified and influential person like him also defected, which also led to a short-term "defection wave" in the Red Army. Feng Yuyun, acting commander of the Red 16th Division, Zhang Yuqing, chief of staff of the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Military Region, Fang Tianbao, director of the Political Department of the Red 16th Division, and others rebelled and surrendered to the enemy after him, which further deteriorated the already unoptimistic revolutionary form in southeastern Hubei.
938, the Japanese army approached Wuhan, and Fang Buzhou served as commander of the Kuomintang's Eighth Guerrilla Column in Southern Hubei and commander of the Appeasement Corps, and organized forces to fight against Japan. Although he betrayed our party, he could still distinguish right from wrong in the face of national justice. After the Wuhan Defense Battle , Fang Buzhou returned to his hometown. There, it took him only a few months to pull up an anti-Japanese team of more than 1,000 people, which is enough to show that Fang Buzhou is a leadership talent.
Fang Buzhou had already regretted it after he defected to the Kuomintang. He was even more disappointed to see that this team was already corrupt. So after he formed his own team, he simply called himself a military, nominally controlled by the national army, but in fact it was an independent local armed force.
943, Fang Buzhou was arrested and imprisoned by the Kuomintang in order to protect the underground members of our party, and squatted for five years. After being released from prison, Fang Buzhou started a business, but not long after, Fang Buzhou's classmate Liu Peichu came to him. Liu Peichu was the captain of the Pacification Corps of the Kuomintang's Ministry of National Defense at the time. He invited Fang Buzhou to continue to lead the team. With the support of his old classmates, he became the deputy captain of the Pacification Corps and the captain of the 6th Brigade.
However, at this time the PLA's counterattack had sounded, and the Kuomintang was defeated step by step. When he betrayed the Red Army, Fang Buzhou was always guilty and always wanted to find an opportunity to do something for our party. After thinking about it, he decided to rebel, so he secretly contacted Chen Xiushan, the secretary of the Mianyang County Party Committee. After that, Chen Xiushan asked Fang Buzhou to continue working secretly, waiting for the opportunity. In 1949, Fang Buzhou was transferred to Zhejiang. Shortly after he arrived in Zhejiang, his secret contact with our party was discovered, so he took the initiative. Before being arrested, on April 23, he led more than 800 troops to announce the uprising. The uprising troops carried 1 heavy machine gun, 24 light machine guns, 240 rifles and other weapons. The organization also awarded Fang Buzhou's department the number "Light Force".
After Fang Buzhou Uprising, how to deal with him became a difficult problem, because his past contributions and crimes were quite serious. In addition to his past qualifications, Wang Jianan, commander of the Seventh Corps of the People's Liberation Army, did not know what to do, and in the end he could only leave it to Chen Yi to decide. After discussion, Chen Yi ordered: I will lose my merits and be punished without any blame, but I can't join the party again.
After the nationwide liberation, Fang Buzhou was arranged to work in a farm and enjoyed the treatment of a cadre in his later years. Fang Buzhou knew that his past was disgraceful, so he changed his name to Xiang Guangru again. In March 1990, Fang Buzhou passed away in Nanjing at the age of 90. What do you think about Fang Buzhou’s life?
