Some time ago, Indian media announced the United States' guide to protecting nuclear explosions, which mentioned that they quickly ran into the shower, changed clothes and took a shower, and did not use conditioner . So how should we avoid neutron bullets that cannot be defended against? You probably didn't expect that the mobile phones in our hands can also prevent neutron radiation? I am Dongcheng Star Gazing, and I will talk to you about nuclear weapons .
1. Neutral bullets are also called owner bomb
The harm of neutron bullets. I have mentioned it in the previous video. Today I will add some more. By the way, how to avoid it if you encounter a nuclear explosion. Neutral bullets are nicknamed as owner bombs. Because when a neutron bomb explodes, everyone in the building will be killed, and the building will be almost damaged, and a group of owners can be replaced in a short period of time. The reason why bullets in
are so magical is mainly because they are a special small-equivalent nuclear fusion weapon. Small equivalent means that the power of the nuclear bomb explosion is very small, the damage of the explosion is very small, only the buildings in the center of the explosion will be severely damaged and the periphery will be less harmful. But it is also an nuclear fusion weapon. Nuclear fusion will produce a large number of high-energy neutrons. neutrons have strong penetration ability and have a relatively long attack distance. Humans can be killed even if they hide in buildings or tanks , but the neutrons themselves generally do not destroy buildings. The bullets in
are generally only about 1,000 tons of TNT equivalent , and they can even be smaller. 1,000 tons of TNT equivalent means that the damage radius of the explosion shock wave is only about 550 meters, and the neutron bullets need to explode at a high altitude of about 150 meters to achieve this effect. The lower the explosion height, the smaller the kill range of shock wave . If the explosion at high altitudes, the power of the ground hazard will be reduced, so that the buildings will not be flattened. The main damage to the glass of the house will be mainly caused. However, its neutron radiation can easily penetrate 30 cm thick steel plates at a distance of 800 meters. Bullets in
can kill large numbers of people without hurting buildings as much as possible. It is most suitable for dealing with cluster tanks. A neutron bullet can cause tanks within a radius of hundreds of meters to lose their combat effectiveness and instantly disintegrate the opponent's battlefield advantages.
2. How to prevent attacks from neutron bullets? How to prevent such a powerful neutron bullet? This is often the case in the world, there is a spear and a shield. Just as haze can prevent lasers, neutron bullets are not omnipotent. There are now tanks with neutrons. Interestingly, the trick of the neutron-proof tank is neither thick steel nor radiation-proof lead plate , but plastic that looks weak.
What? Plastic neutron-proof bullets? Why does it sound so unreliable! In fact, plastic itself is afraid of heat and explosion, and it cannot prevent ordinary bombs. But plastic contains a special element, hydrogen element . Hydrogen is the key to preventing neutron radiation. We mentioned in our previous introduction that the neutron itself is not charged and can easily attack any atom nucleus of . But the reactions of different nuclei and neutrons are different. Some nuclei will bounce neutrons back, some will absorb neutrons, and some will be broken by neutrons. Atoms that can be broken by neutrons can be used to make atomic bomb if they meet certain conditions. Atoms that can absorb neutrons will become brand new atoms. Using neutrons to attack such atoms can produce new elements. This is how modern stones are used to turn into gold. Most atoms will still bounce back the neutrons.
talked for a long time, but it seemed that I didn't explain how hydrogen atom prevents neutrons. Don't worry, say it right away. Under normal circumstances, hydrogen atoms do not absorb neutrons, nor can they be broken by neutrons. Neutrons and hydrogen atoms will collide elastically. There are many atoms that can collide with neutrons elastically, but hydrogen atoms are the most special. Because the mass of hydrogen nuclei is similar to that of neutrons, when they collide together, there is a certain chance of energy exchange. I don’t know if you have ever played with glass beads when you were young. Generally speaking, when a small glass bead hits a large glass bead, it will often bounce back, and the speed will not change much.However, if two glass beads of similar quality have a certain chance of speed swaps. Just like playing billiards, the speed of the white ball can be completely passed to the flower ball. Even if it is not completely transmitted, the energy transfer range of two small balls with similar mass is the largest.
The neutron that loses speed is like a tiger that loses teeth, and its damage ability is greatly reduced. The hydrogen nucleus that has obtained the speed has caused the penetration ability to carry positive charge , and its penetration ability is greatly reduced and will not cause damage like neutrons. Many other atoms can also reduce the energy of neutrons, but they are not as effective as hydrogen atoms. Therefore, substances containing hydrogen have great advantages in preventing neutron radiation. At this time, you can understand that as we introduced earlier, plastic is also used in International Space Station to prevent cosmic radiation. This has not been finished, and we will continue to add it later.
is not enough to prevent neutron radiation. Plastics alone are not enough. Not only is it not strong enough, but other problems have not been solved. Although hydrogen atom collision can reduce the speed of neutrons, it cannot eliminate neutrons. Neutrons still have a certain chance to pass through the protective layer to attack humans. It is best to eliminate all neutrons. The easiest way is to use substances that can absorb neutrons and absorb them. The atoms often used to absorb these neutrons are boron, cadmium and lithium. By blocking the plastic with substances containing such atoms, the remaining neutrons can be absorbed.
Some friends may wonder, since these substances can directly absorb neutrons, why do we need to add plastic procedures? This involves the energy of neutrons. The velocity of neutrons is different, the energy is different, and the energy is not suitable and cannot be absorbed. Let’s give an example, using marbles to hit cement walls. If the speed is slow, the wall will bounce back directly. If the speed is too fast, the wall will be penetrated. Only when the speed reaches a certain speed range will the marble be embedded into the wall. The same is true for the atomic nucleus to absorb neutrons. Only neutrons with suitable energy will be absorbed. Different atoms can absorb neutrons of different energy, just as walls of different materials can protect against marbles of different speeds.
U238 can absorb fast neutrons with high energy, but it will become Pu239, which is prone to nuclear fission, and then it may fission. hydrogen bomb uses this principle to make U238 into a shell, thereby obtaining additional nuclear explosion energy. There are three nuclear explosions in total, so it is also called three-phase bomb . Therefore, substances that can directly absorb fast neutrons often bring new safety hazards and are not suitable for protecting neutrons. Boron, cadmium and lithium can absorb thermal neutrons, that is, relatively slow neutrons, and will not be further fissioned, so it is more suitable for protection.
has reached this step and is not over yet. Although neutrons have been successfully eliminated, the harm brought by neutrons has not been eliminated. After the neutron impact is slowed down and absorbed, gamma rays will be generated. These rays are still very harmful to humans. At this time, you can use radiation-proof lead plates, which can block gamma rays.
plus a layer of steel shell to protect the walls of neutron radiation. This principle can be used to transform the tanks so that the tanks can be protected from neutron bomb attacks. Of course, the shell structure and manufacturing method of tanks in the true sense are top secrets, and may not be as simple as we say, but the overall principle is the same.
3. Where can ordinary people avoid bullets?
Special tanks can already defend against neutron bullets, but we ordinary people probably don’t have the chance to hide in the tanks that defend against neutron bullets. So how to defend against neutron bullets? Don't worry, there are still many protection methods.
First of all, neutron bullets do not have infinite attack power. As long as we are far enough away from the neutron bomb explosion point, it cannot harm us. As long as our hometown does not become a battlefield for nuclear weapons, we don’t have to worry about the penetration of bullets. So, we should oppose war, especially nuclear war . It is hoped that all nuclear powers will promise not to use any type of nuclear weapons first.
Secondly, the penetration ability of neutron radiation is also limited, and the underground air raid shelter is enough to avoid most neutron bomb attacks, or even hydrogen bomb attacks. Even neutrons with strong penetration ability cannot penetrate several meters of soil. Not to mention the soil, as long as we are far enough from the center of the nuclear explosion, the air can help us block most of the neutrons. There is a large amount of neutron radiation in the universe, and it is the atmosphere that helps us block them.
Again, in addition to plastic, soil, reinforced concrete, and even water are good neutron shielding materials. It is worth mentioning that water also has hydrogen atoms in it, which can naturally slow down neutrons. Some nuclear power plants use water to slow down neutrons. In space station , wet quilts can greatly reduce the damage caused by cosmic radiation to astronauts. For reinforced concrete or ordinary soil, if water is added to wet, the ability to prevent neutron radiation will be greatly enhanced.
Finally, although neutron bullets are also called owner bombs, the current reinforced concrete high-rise buildings have a certain ability to prevent neutron radiation. As long as our building is strong enough and not blown up, there is still a certain probability that the people inside will be safe and sound. So where is the safest place in the building? First of all, you cannot be next to the window. The glass on the window cannot block neutron radiation. Secondly, stay away from the top floor. Generally, nuclear weapons explode at high altitudes, and the top floor will suffer even more harm. Let our bodies separate more walls from the external environment, and the more walls, the safer it is. If you are not at ease, soak the quilt in water and wrap it up, so that the probability of survival is very high.
4. Can mobile phones prevent neutron radiation?
has talked so much, and you should also think of the principle of anti-radiation on your mobile phone. First of all, the mobile phone contains plastic accessories, which can reduce the attack energy of neutrons. Secondly, the mobile phone battery itself is lithium-ion battery . The battery liquid may contain hydrogen. lithium-ion itself can also absorb thermal neutrons. The effect of lithium absorbing neutrons is better than boron and cadmium. Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to say that mobile phones can prevent neutron radiation.
However, you don’t think that holding a mobile phone in your hand can help you not be afraid of bullets, right? That is absolutely impossible. It is no different to entering the range of neutron bombs with a mobile phone. To prevent bullets from using your mobile phone, you must drill into a pile of mobile phones that is thick enough. I can't calculate how thick it needs to be. After all, the one with a strong ability to absorb neutrons is the isotope , which accounts for only 7.5% of natural lithium elements. It is hard to say how many neutrons can be protected by lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, the mobile phone pile itself cannot be destroyed by explosion shock waves. As long as the body is exposed, it is equivalent to no obstruction. In addition, the mobile phone battery must be safe enough, otherwise it may be ignited by neutron radiation if you are not careful. The damage of the burning of lithium batteries is not much worse than that of neutron bullets. In short, using a mobile phone to prevent bullets is not a good idea.
is OK and I will say so much. If you have anything to say, please leave a message in the comment area. Everyone is welcome to discuss. I am Dongcheng Star Gazing. Thank you for your subscription and attention.
