In 1945, the Anti-Japanese War entered its final stage. At that time, the Japanese army opened a channel to connect the battlefield in Southeast Asia after the Battle of Henan, Hunan and Guangxi.
At the instructions of Chairman Mao, our army planned to open a base on the battlefield behind enemy lines in western Henan to attack the local Japanese invaders.
At that time, two anti-Japanese armed forces in western Henan were always restless after being incorporated. After many incidents, one of them shook the will of the revolution and turned the gun to choose to rebel against the revolution.
33 cadres above rank were killed by this traitor, and our army's anti-Japanese forces suffered a heavy blow. So why did he choose to betray the revolution? What is the final outcome of
?
Western Henan Events became
In September 1944, the Western Henan Anti-Japanese Advance Team arrived in Henan area, intending to open up an anti-Japanese battlefield behind enemy lines here.
However, in addition to the Japanese invaders, there are many local troops entrenched on various hills. The more powerful ones are Luoning County Li Guiwu, Mianchi County Shangguan Ziping.
Not only did the forces not unite to fight against Japan, but instead attacked each other privately and poisoned the local people.
At that time, the Eighth Route Army had the ability to eliminate these local forces, but in order to achieve the united battle cause of the War of Resistance, they finally chose to try their best to recruit these troops.
After some contact, several local forces decided to accept the inclusion and join the Eighth Route Army.
In February 1945, Henan Military Region Commander Wang Shusheng brought a group of cadres to western Henan, and officially organized Li Guiwu and Shangguan Ziping into the 8th Independent Brigade and the 7th Independent Brigade respectively.
Subsequently, our army established many county party committees in western Henan, and the anti-Japanese base in western Henan was officially established.
Chiang Kai-shek was very angry when he learned the news. To him, the Communist Party was more important than the Japanese invaders, so he immediately ordered his subordinates to go to western Henan to instigate a force.
At that time, the spy Liu Maoxin accepted the task and then immediately rushed to the western Henan region to carry out counter-incidence activities.
months, the Military Control Commission first invaded Li Guiwu, the largest force in western Henan, but Li Guiwu was a patriot and he had always longed to fight against the Japanese invaders.
Li Guiwu knew very well that the Eighth Route Army insisted on fighting against Japan, so he was unwilling to leave the revolutionary ranks.
The spy saw that Li Guiwu was unwilling to cooperate, so he planned an assassination operation, and Li Guiwu was brutally killed.
Then the Military Control Commission set his sights on Shangguan Ziping, who was a local bully and did everything he wanted to accept the adaptation just because he wanted to protect himself.
At that time, he was under great pressure after being attacked by the National Army, hoping that he could rely on the Eighth Route Army, the big tree, to relieve the pressure.
Therefore, whenever the Eighth Route Army sent people to guide ideological work, Shangguan Ziping would always refuse, and he was always waiting for the opportunity.
When the spy found him to instigate him, he accepted it without thinking, and then began to find opportunities to rebel.
At that time, our army did not know about Shangguan Ziping's situation and was planning to send military and political cadres to carry out ideological work. As a result, Shangguan Ziping agreed readily this time.
945 On May 26, 1945, the main force of the Eighth Route Army went out to fight in western Henan, and the defense of the entire region was relatively empty.
After Shangguan Ziping saw this opportunity, the United Nations Nationalist Party took action together, rebelling at 12 places in western Henan at the same time, attacking the local Eighth Route Army and military and political cadres.
Because the incident happened suddenly, our army was not prepared yet, and as a result, many outstanding cadres were killed, and at least a few people were able to escape.
After Shangguanzi suppressed the rebellion, several other local old forces also responded, forming a huge force for a moment.
Our army had just experienced complete setbacks and its strength was affected to a certain extent, so we had to choose to leave western Henan.
During this turmoil, 133 military and political cadres at the platoon level and above in our army died, many of them were old Red Army soldiers, and they were all selected by Chairman Mao personally from the military academy party school and the troops.
They are all elites of our army. This unrest has caused our army to lose a lot of talents, causing a heavy blow to the revolutionary cause.
Among them, Liu Feng is one of the few people who can escape. He was originally a soldier under Feng Yuxiang , and later chose to revolt and join Red Army .
At that time, he was arranged to serve as the regiment commander in Shangguan Ziping's brigade. At the beginning of the rebellion, Shangguan Ziping asked the guards to shoot Liu Feng. Because Liu Feng was kind to others, the guards could not bear to hurt him and let him go.
Then, Liu Feng tried his best to return to our army's position and performed well during the War of Liberation, from regiment commander to division commander, and was awarded the rank of founding major general in 1955.
It is not difficult to imagine that many of the other cadres who died in this rebellion were outstanding talents in our army like Liu Feng.
So why did Shangguan Ziping choose to betray so decisively?
What is the background of the Western Henan Incident?
Background of the Western Henan Incident
There were three initiators of the Western Henan Incident, Shangguan Ziping, Zhou Zitao, and Shi Hansan. The most important one must be Shangguan Ziping, the commander of the 7th Independent Brigade.
This person was originally a bandit bully. His father had a deep influence on him. The Shangguan family also made their fortune by oppressing the people.
Shangguan Ziping's many evil deeds began with his father, who was a famous local bully and had "all five poisons" in food, drink, whore, gambling and smoking.
Shangguan family is a notorious family in the local area, often oppressing local people and plundering people's wealth.
Like father, like son. Shangguan Ziping is also a little bully. He has been ignorant since childhood and often does evil.
1930, with the help of his father, Shangguan Ziping became the local police chief and the commander of the local guard through bribery.
With power and guns in his hands, Shangguan Ziping became more domineering and regarded the people as nothing, and exploiting the people became a habit, which attracted curses in the local area.
Shangguan Ziping's actions against the ground caused the public's resistance. The unbearable masses wrote a lawsuit to the county magistrate and asked the county magistrate to investigate Shangguan Ziping thoroughly.
The county magistrate was also afraid that things would get worse and worse, so he arrested Shangguan Ziping on the charge of embezzlement to calm down the public's grievances, but money can make the devil push the grind, so Shangguan Ziping soon came out under his father's operation.
1934, Shangguan Ziping once again returned to the people's sight. This time he didn't even look down on the position of the police chief and directly controlled the local armed forces.
Later, due to the tense war, the local defense team was established, and Shangguan Ziping served as the captain of the brigade with his arms, and his power reached another level.
After the Battle of Zhongtiaoshan, Shangguan Ziping took this opportunity to recruit a large number of national soldiers who had retreated from the front line and directly established the Western Henan headquarters, becoming a military force in the western Henan region.
After a small-scale military force was established, he began to entrench the local area, waiting for an opportunity to move.
Whenever the Japanese invaders enter the local area, Shangguan Ziping will choose to preserve his strength and avoid fighting, and lead his army to hide in the mountains.
It was not until 1945 that the Eighth Route Army came here and Shangguan Ziping reappeared.
At that time, Li Guiwu and Shangguan Ziping competed with each other in western Henan. The two had equal strength, but unlike Shangguan Ziping, Li Guiwu was once a soldier and was very patriotic and enthusiastic. He led his troops to fight against the Japanese invaders many times.
When the Eighth Route Army wanted to recruit two troops, they actually encountered many difficulties, because the two were essentially bandits, and some of their subordinates had killed Communist Party members.
So the incorporation was once in a difficult situation, but later the Kuomintang army and some local armed forces began to attack Shangguan Ziping. Li Guiwu also went to support Shangguan Ziping, but in the end he could not confront the Kuomintang regular army, and he had no choice but to ask the Eighth Route Army for help.
After receiving the request for help, the Eighth Route Army immediately sent troops to support the two, and quickly repelled the national army, and the relationship between the two and the Eighth Route Army was also eased.
In order to strengthen its own strength, the two armed forces chose to surrender to the Eighth Route Army and accepted the adaptation. After
, Shangguan Ziping and Li Guiwu joined the Eighth Route Army, and the anti-Japanese base in western Henan was also successfully established.
However, Shangguan Ziping, the bandits remained unchanged. After accepting the adaptation, he still maintained the original style of bandits. He felt very uncomfortable under the strict military discipline of our army.
Just now, Chiang Kai-shek also started to act. After Li Guiwu's death, Shangguan Ziping also dispelled all his concerns and directly chose to defect to the Kuomintang.
As for Zhou Zitao and Shi Hansan, they are completely bandits. Most of their men are from bandits, so they naturally do not adapt to the discipline of our army.
The two were easily instigated to rebel, and then they betrayed the revolution with Shangguan Ziping, waiting for the opportunity to initiate a rebellion.
After many exchanges, the three of them finally decided to take action on May 26, and the Western Henan Incident also happened. After choosing to rebel, Shangguan Ziping gained a lot of benefits from the Kuomintang, and several other major figures who participated also received different rewards in turn, but this was just a temporary speed, and the blood debts they owe needed to be repaid.
Soon our army began to take action against western Henan, and Shangguan Ziping and others immediately became defeated.
The ending of the rebellion troops
After the Western Henan Incident, our party immediately issued instructions to the main forces of the anti-Japanese base in western Henan, requiring Han Jun on the Henan front to immediately lead the main forces back to western Henan to quell the rebellion.
However, the war on the front line was very tense at that time, and Han Jun's troops had no way to come back to suppress the rebellion, so they gave the rebels some time to move.
After the rebels lost the constraints of the Eighth Route Army, they began to act recklessly, burn, kill, loot and commit all kinds of evil in the western Henan base areas, causing heavy disasters to the local people. After
After the war on the Henan front began to relax, Han Jun immediately led the main force of the Eighth Route Army to return to the western Henan base area to suppress the rebellion against the local rebels.
Compared with the main force of the Eighth Route Army, the rebels are a group of mobs. As soon as they fight, a rebel army was defeated and lost more than 1,300 people in one day.
At that time, Shangguan Ziping led his troops to attack our army's position in Lizhuangzhai, and our six troops immediately fought back.
As a result, shortly after the battle, Shangguan Ziping's troops were defeated by our army. Although there were many rebels, their combat effectiveness was still very low.
At that time, the Eighth Route Army suppressed Shangguan Ziping's rebels in a river. Then, powerful firepower continued to attack the rebels, and finally the rebels surrendered to our army under pressure. After
, the arrest of the bandit leader was carried out. Information showed that Shangguan Ziping hid in Baijia Village with some rebels.
So, that night, Han Jun led an assault regiment to launch a raid against Baijia Village, killing more than 30 people in an instant, and Shangguan Ziping was also seriously injured.
Then Shangguan Ziping hid in a house under the cover of everyone before escaping the pursuit, and then hid in a mountain outside the county town.
But after this battle, Shangguan Ziping was completely defeated, and then fell seriously ill under tremendous mental pressure, and relied on opium to control his condition every day.
Finally in September, he died in a cave due to excessive opium smoking and serious illness, ending his 39-year life of doing evil. Although our army responded to this rebellion in a timely manner, the losses caused in this incident were immeasurable, and our army's anti-Japanese base was also seriously hit.
133 The soldiers killed were all precious treasures of our army. They did not fall on the battlefield, but fell in the hands of these bandits. It was a pity.
Summary of this incident, the reasons behind it are many. In addition to the Kuomintang spies' insults, the negligence of our local leaders is also very important.
At that time, the deputy county magistrate of Mianchi County had conveyed relevant suggestions to the leaders of our military base many times, believing that Shangguan Ziping was too gangster and was very likely to betrayal, but Han Jun and others did not pay attention to this suggestion at that time.
did not do the ideological education work of Shangguan Ziping and others well, and chose to put the matter aside when the other party refused, which eventually led to this serious consequence.
After Shangguan Ziping and others rebelled, the Party Central Committee also sent a telegram to make troops in various places be vigilant and prevent other forces from rebelling at the same time after being affected.
also withdrew all political cadres, but some leaders did not pay attention to this, which eventually led to the rebellion of multiple forces at the same time, and many political cadres were also brutally killed.
After the pacification of the western Henan incident, some leaders of the base areas also conducted a review afterwards. They committed serious empiricism and were also careless about the recruited troops.
Although everyone was deeply guilty of self-blame, the losses caused to our army were irreversible. This incident has also become an important lesson, reminding our army not to repeat the same mistakes in the future.
Our army's united front thought was definitely a good policy for the great cause of the War of Resistance against Japan at that time, but when facing the troops that were brought back, we must be vigilant.
Because these people had extremely complicated identities before, many of them were bandits who had once dominated the other side, and there was still a strong bandit spirit on them.
If we cannot educate and guide this group of people well, then keeping them will inevitably become a hidden danger in the army. After the Western Henan Incident, our army began to realize the seriousness of this problem and will pay more attention to ideological education for the included troops in the future.
References:
"Research on the Construction of Anti-Japanese Base Areas in West Henan"
"The "Western Henan Incident" that occurred at the end of the Anti-Japanese War"
"Before and After the "Western Henan Incident" during the Anti-Japanese War"
