Introduction:
"Where did the US military lose in this battle?"
lived a full 100-year-old US Army Van Vritte . In his later years, he often discussed this issue with his subordinates.
Americans are very good at analyzing. They summarized many reasons: their underestimation of the enemy, the poor South Korea, the lack of strength of other allies, and the courage of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army . When these reasons were discussed one by one, famous American generals like Van Vritte and Li Qiwei had to admit that there was another important factor that determined the direction of the battle: Peng Dehuai's existence.
Who dares to stand up and stand up immediately? Only General Peng.
Yes! More than 70 years have passed, and there are still scholars in the United States studying what kind of person Peng Dehuai is? And compared to them, the soldiers who had been with Peng Shuai day and night obviously had a more say.
Regarding this, the author read the most in the memory texts of many veteran generals and Korean veterans: Peng Dehuai's anger.
logistics cannot be in place, he slapped the table in Zhongnanhai ;
Liang Xingchu did not fight well, he started to scold, and eventually the 38th Army became the "Long Live Army";
...
It should be said that it was these "igniting" that allowed us to see a different Chinese marshal. In this issue, what I want to tell you is Peng Dehuai's anger over another thing.
1: Volunteer Army Command, there was a "Zhuge Liang"
In December 1950, after several communications, the Chinese People's Volunteer Army and the Korean People's Army established a joint command. The Joint Command is commanded by Peng Dehuai. In addition to generals such as Hong Xuezhi, Han Xianchu and other generals, there are also deputy commanders and deputy political commissars sent by the Korean People's Army.
The position of Chief of Staff is held by a Chinese general, whose name is: Jie Fang. Although Jie Fang is only 42 years old this year, he has long been a top 5 player in the field in the country.
Jie Fang was originally named Jie Ruchuan. He was born in Siping Town, Liaoyuan City, Jilin Province in 1908. Because he was studious and martial, he was sent to Japanese Army Non-commissioned Officer School in 1930 to study. After returning to China, he joined the Northeast Army of , , who was dedicated to serving the country.
During his time in the Northeast Army, Xie Ruchuan was once valued. He is proficient in English and Japanese, received a formal military education, and always plays a role in dealing with the Japanese in the Northeast. "Young Marshal" Zhang Xueliang has many good generals, but he is particularly respectful to Jie Ruchuan and has publicly praised him many times: is a talent!
However, although Jie Ruchuan was very grateful to Zhang Xueliang for his kindness, he was extremely disgusted with the Kuomintang's non-resistance to the Japanese army. In addition, he was later influenced by the underground party in the Northeast Army, and he secretly joined the Communist Party in April 1936.
1941, after working for the party for many years in secret, Jie Ruchuan left the Northeast Army and successfully arrived in Yan'an . Chairman Mao and Zhou Enlai were very happy about his arrival. For this reason, the Chairman also specifically said to him:
"You have already returned home and should have a loud name. Don't call it Jie Ruchuan anymore. I'll change your name. Is it okay to call Jie Fang?"
Jie Fang, which means: Jie Fang. From then on, there was less Jie Ruchuan in the national army, and another famous general in our army.
General Jie Fang was a military officer in his life, fighting in the south and north, and worked in many positions, but he was recognized as the best position in combat staff. In the Northeast Army, he served as the chief of staff of the major general; later in the Eighth Route Army, he served as the chief of staff of the 358th Brigade; during the Liberation War, he served as the chief of staff of the 12th Corps of the Liaoning Military Region.
It is said that a thousand troops are easy to get, but a general is hard to find. A good chief of staff is also quite "scarce" on the battlefield. Because in many cases they can play a crucial role in the commander's correct decisions. General Han Xianchu, who has worked with the Jiefang for many years, once commented on him like this:
"In some important battles, I won't be able to fight after listening to his opinions. Once I suffered a loss before listening to his opinions!"
This is Jiefang's ability.
After the founding of New China, Xie Fang followed General Han Xianchu to participate in the Hainan Island Battle and made great achievements.After the Hainan Island Battle ended, he was arranged to rest in Wuhan.
Until June 1950, the Korean War broke out.
was almost the first time, and Xie Fang was keenly aware that the security of Northeast may be threatened . So he wrote to Lin Biao overnight, requesting to go north immediately and prepare for a war that could break out at any time. Such a reaction speed is admirable.
Sure enough, the Central Committee's order to form the Northeast Frontier Defense Force was soon arrived, and the Jie side was given a new appointment: Chief of Staff of the 13th Corps. The 42-year-old Jie Fang had long been mentally prepared, so he hurriedly set out to the Northeast with the tools of all sizes needed by the combat staff.
arrived in Anton in August, and to October volunteer army entered North Korea. During the two months of preparation, Xie Fang and his comrades formulated a series of plans. It is precisely because of this preparation that the feat of the volunteer army being able to "secretly" enter North Korea with Peng Dehuai's order in October.
Regarding the entry into the North Korea, Peng Dehuai's request at that time was: .25 million people secretly crossed the Yalu River for two to three nights, and could not be discovered by the enemy.
It is obviously a seemingly impossible task.
After receiving the mission, Xie Fang and his comrades, as the Chief of Staff, began to seriously discuss the plan.
They have made reconnaissance to the extreme under strict confidentiality: sent two engineer regiments from the combat department and the reconnaissance department to survey along the Yalu River;
They have laid the road to the extreme under limited conditions: After finding three suitable railway bridges, they have laid sleepers on the tracks so that personnel, horses and vehicles can pass through ;
They have controlled the limited time to the extreme: Build the bridge within two to three hours at dusk, and withdraw the bridge one to two hours before dawn ;
They arranged the details of the bridge to the extreme: After entering the North Korea, how to form a few routes after crossing the river, how to separate into the woods and hidden after crossing the river.
Everything is going as planned...
Finally, just as the Americans shouted in front of reporters, "The Chinese dare not cross the river to compete with us", my 250,000 army had already entered North Korea. This is a miracle, a miracle in military history. It should be said that all this makes the modern reconnaissance instruments and means that Americans brag about every day become big jokes. Shortly after entering North Korea, Jiefang received an order that he was formally appointed as the Chief of Staff of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army Command by the former Chief of Staff of the 13th Corps. His first task at this time was: assist Peng Dehuai and others in forming the Volunteer Army Command into .
During this process, because Peng Dehuai was not in the Fourth Field Army earlier, he obviously did not know enough about the specific situation of the 13th Corps and other personnel. Therefore, the personnel arrangement issues are more coordinated by Hong Xuezhi, Han Xianchu, Jie Fang and others.
Regarding who to transfer to the headquarters, the interpreter put forward a principle: don’t ask for a lot of people, but be able to be capable. He requires all personnel to be strong in their abilities. He believes that "reading, memorizing, calculating, writing, painting, and translating" is the most basic foundation, and no one who fails to meet the requirements will be required.
Of course, it’s not possible for someone alone. An amazing headquarters also needs a clear pre-war system. To this end, Jie Fang made drastic rectification of the organs and formulated work regulations to ensure that the units perform their duties. During that time, the one who ran the most diligently in the crowd with documents every day was Jie Fang.
Peng Dehuai saw all this. With the keen observation of a general, he judged that Jie Fang was a rare talent. So, at that time, whenever Mr. Peng, who had always been serious, always called a sentence whenever he saw Jie Fang, he would always say: " Zhuge Liang! ". Every time he planned a battle, Mr. Peng would never forget to ask Jie Fang to say a few words. He often said: " asked our Zhuge Liang to talk about the situation! "
Every time at this time, Jie Fang would stand up and explain the situation one by one in an orderly manner.Many comrades who didn't know him earlier always praised him after listening to his speech: " is indeed an old staff officer, and everything he says is correct! "
2: Peng Dehuai was furious
Regarding Jie Fang and Peng Dehuai on the Korean battlefield, many years later, an old cadre in Zhisi recalled this way:
"General Peng is very strict on the battlefield and loves to train people, but he has never heard him train people!"
General Peng likes to train people because he has extremely high requirements for himself and others. He always believed that any mistake made by Shishi would lead to the soldiers who killed the enemy on the front line paying the price of their lives. Therefore, he could not tolerate mistakes.
and "not elaborating on the prescription" is because it is really difficult to "discover" the other party's problems. His extraordinary memory and keen thinking made Xie Fang trusted President Peng. Peng Dehuai himself "don't teach" such a good assistant, so naturally he could not tolerate others talking about him behind his back. It is precisely because of this that President Peng got angry.
At that time, a comrade in the army heard that Jie Fang was born in the Northeast Army and originally belonged to the National Army. So, he casually said: Jie Fang was from an old soldier.
Speaking of which, this is naturally true. But this was heard by Peng Dehuai. He was immediately furious when he heard this and criticized the other party seriously:
"What's wrong with the old soldier's background? I, Peng Dehuai, and Zhu De, He Long, and Ye Jianying, who are not from the old soldier's background? I think Xie Fang is a good comrade, a competent chief of staff!"
General Peng said this, which made the comrade quickly apologize and admit his mistake.
Peng Dehuai was right. He was admitted to the Hubei Army Officer's Martial Arts Hall in his early years and joined Hunan Army after graduation. In the Hunan Army, he served as platoon leader, company commander, battalion commander and other positions. In 1926, he joined the Hunan Army into the National Revolutionary Army and participated in the Northern Expedition . Later, in April 1928, he joined our party.
And he listed several examples: Zhu De once served in Yunnan Army , Ye Jianying once served in the Guangdong Army, and He Long once served as the commander of , the 20th Army of the National Revolutionary Army.
Mr. Peng has always spoken straightforwardly, and the same is true for old coaches such as Zhu De, Ye Jianying, and He Long. Mr. Peng is very clear about this. Therefore, he took himself and these old guys as an example.
In fact, in addition to being the Jiefang, General Peng also talked about the so-called "old soldier" origin issue on another occasion.
That time, it was also on the battlefield of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea.
That time was for . The commander of the 50th Army of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army, Zeng Zesheng.
This incident happened in early 1951. Zeng Zesheng had just led the 50th army to create a "miracle" in the blocking battle on the south bank of the Han River. Because of this battle, the 50th Army is still called "the strongest defensive force on the surface" by many military fans.
After the incident, Zeng Zesheng met Peng Dehuai at the headquarters. Peng Dehuai, who has never been very proud of others, held Zeng Zesheng's hand tightly and thanked him and the soldiers of the 50th Army. At this time, General Zeng Zesheng said a heartfelt statement: "We have tried our best, we can look up in front of the brothers!"
General Zeng said this because he was an uprising general. Before the uprising in 1948, he was a commander of the Kuomintang. The 60th Army of the National Army he led was ridiculed as a "miscellaneous army" by many National Army ace troops. After the uprising, this unit was reorganized into the 50th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. On October 25, 1950, the 50th Army participated in the war as the first batch of troops entering North Korea.
After the uprising, although our army has never looked down on Zeng Zesheng and the 50th Army from top to bottom. But General Zeng himself obviously still had a hurdle in his heart. It is precisely because of this that he expressed such emotion in front of Peng Dehuai.
After hearing this, Peng Dehuai obviously couldn't agree.He said directly in front of everyone:
"What is this? Isn't it just an uprising adapted army? Isn't I the same? I was born in the Hunan Army in the old army!"
From Xie Fang to Zeng Zesheng, General Peng, who has always been extremely strict with his subordinates, let us see the other side of him: on key issues, he has always protected his generals and his soldiers.
It should be said that the reason why Peng Dehuai was able to get the "protection" was because General Jie Fang and General Zeng Zesheng were both worth it. And this kind of "protection" that is close to each other will make the subordinates repay their lives during wartime.
3: Jie Fang, who made Americans dare not look down on him, was respected by Peng Dehuai, and Jie Fang's figure appeared in almost every important occasion of resisting U.S. aggressing Korea . He often ventured to and from Beijing and North Korea to convey various instructions. At the same time, he also witnessed Peng Dehuai's joy and anxiety, pleasure and worry in the headquarters with his own eyes.
In June 1951, the American who was "beaten" was finally willing to walk to the negotiating table. At this time, the volunteer army sent to participate in the negotiations became an issue that both Chairman Mao and Peng Dehuai needed to consider.
At this time, Peng Dehuai remembered the understanding of the side again. Proficient in Japanese, English, and participated in military negotiations many times in his early years. These are the reasons why Peng Dehuai chose him. To this end, Peng Dehuai specially called Jie Fang to his side and issued an order to him that he must perform well in the negotiations and not embarrass our volunteer army.
After receiving such a task, Xie Fang was filled with emotion. Everything that had negotiated with the Japanese in the Northeast was still vivid in my mind, and he hated the Kuomintang's retreat. But now it’s different. The Chinese People’s Volunteer Army has the confidence and strength to “fight” with foreigners at the negotiating table.
In the following negotiations, many of the words that Jiefang said on behalf of our army have now been written into the military history textbook:
He said, "If you have any skills, take them out!"
He said, "Please open your eyes a little wider and see the reality. In the past, you can fly a few planes and drive a few warships to scare people. The era is over!"
He said, "I will tell you frankly that if the debate cannot help you achieve unsubstantiated goals, provocative behavior and intimidation, I will definitely not help you."
these words were said while the front line was still full of artillery fire. In fact, the entire negotiations were held in a fight and stop. Therefore, the significance of each sentence is extremely important.
Once the negotiator makes a tough word, the front line will have to fight a decent battle, otherwise they will inevitably be ridiculed by the enemy negotiator. Therefore, the explanation of each sentence cannot be said randomly. We must have a sufficient understanding of the actual situation on the front line and the logistics support situation in order to clarify when and how to say it.
After these words were sent back to the Volunteer Army Headquarters, Peng Dehuai was very happy and said to the comrades around him:
"After returning to China, I must recommend Jie Fang to Premier Zhou and let him do diplomacy! There are not many such military diplomatic talents!"
General Li Kenong, who is in charge of the negotiations, also said that Jie Fang "has a firm stance and good at using his brains. He is a rare talent!" Even when Americans mentioned Jie Fang, they bluntly said: He is an extremely difficult and intimidating person.
Just like that, with the efforts of everyone, the armistice agreement was signed on July 27, 1953. Many years later, when someone asked Jie Fang about his feelings about the negotiations, the old general admitted: "There is nothing at the negotiation table that cannot be concessions. This is a struggle, and it is impossible to lose a game!"
Jie Fang's performance was like this, and the same was true for General Zeng Zesheng and the 50th Army. Encouraged by Peng Dehuai, Zeng Zesheng led 50 troops to North Korea for the second time in July 1951, perfectly completing the West Coast defense and emergency repair front-line airport mission.
4: Ending
After returning from North Korea, General Jie was valued. In 1955, he was awarded the rank of major general of the People's Liberation Army of China.
In his later years, the veteran general once mentioned the incidents on the battlefield of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea. Those war years were deeply imprinted in his mind. And whenever Peng Dehuai was talking about, the old general's eyes were always filled with respect.In his opinion, it is a blessing in his life to be able to work as a staff officer by Mr. Peng.
It is not just General Jie Fang who holds this idea. Hong Xuezhi, Han Xianchu, Deng Hua, and General Liang Xingchu, who was once called a "rat general" by Peng Dehuai, were not full of personality, and were not decisive and decisive. Before resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea, they had little contact with Peng Dehuai. But when the war ended, they all respected General Peng.
Now, there are still a large number of military history experts at home and abroad discussing: how Peng Dehuai did this.
Some people think: it is because he has been very experienced in his half-life military service and knows who should be placed in what position; some people think it is because he still has a group of old comrades in China who are helping out ideas.
Admittedly, these are extremely important reasons. But there is one thing that the author hopes everyone will not ignore: his sincere and straightforward voice. His laughter and scolding remained unchanged. And this is precisely the personal charm of a Chinese marshal.
Who dares to stand up and stand up immediately? Only General Peng. It is a blessing for the country to get this old commander.
