30 years ago, on September 21, China's manned space flight project was established and implemented.
From unmanned flight to manned flight, from one person to multiple people and days, from cabin experiments to cabin exit activities, from single-ship flight to stable operation of the combined body... The construction and development of manned spacecraft projects for 30 years is an important part of building an innovative country and a strong country in science and technology, and is the specific practice of realizing the Chinese Dream and the space dream, and has played an important role in demonstrating comprehensive national strength, serving national strategies, promoting scientific and technological innovation, and promoting economic and social development.
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Starting from scratch and steadily
Manned aerospace project is huge in scale, complex in system and high technical difficulty. At the beginning of the project, it was a piece of blank paper and started from scratch. During the
project demonstration and project approval, the researchers boldly proposed the technical route of a three-cabin spacecraft composed of propulsion cabin , return cabin and orbital cabin . They took security design as the core of the design of spacecraft , and considered the scalability of functions. After adding docking mechanisms, it became a round-trip transportation tool between space station and the ground, laying a solid foundation for the next development of manned spacecraft.
From the 1999 Shenzhou-1 to the first manned flight in 2003, the Chinese nation’s thousand-year flying dream was realized, and then to the 2005 Shenzhou-6 to the 2008 Shenzhou-7 completed the first Chinese spacewalk in , the Chinese flag was floating in space for the first time, in 2011, Shenzhou-8 and Tiangong-1 successfully completed the first rendezvous and docking mission...
In the first stage of the manned spacecraft "three steps" of the manned spacecraft, through breaking through a large number of core technologies with independent intellectual property rights, such as segmentation technology, guidance and navigation and control technology, and liquid circuit support technology, the Shenzhou series of spacecraft has been deeply imprinted by "Made in China" and "Creation in China", making my country become the third country in the world that can independently send people to space, and also the third country that can independently carry out space science experiments with people participating.
On the new journey, climb to the peak,
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee has attached great importance to the development of the aerospace industry, clearly put forward the aerospace dream, and emphasized that the aerospace dream is an important part of the dream of a strong country. Under the strong leadership of the Party, China's manned space flight embarked on a new journey.
On June 11, 2013, the Shenzhou 10 manned spacecraft was successfully launched. Astronauts Nie Haisheng , Zhang Xiaoguang, and Wang Yaping , three astronauts completed one automatic and one manual rendezvous and docking in space, carried out space teaching, as well as a large number of scientific experiments and technical experiments. 15 days later, on June 26, the spacecraft's return capsule returned to the ground safely. This is the first applicable flight of my country's manned world round-trip transportation system, marking a major phased victory in the second step of the project.
Through the development and research of Shenzhou 10 and the successful completion of in-orbit missions, my country has broken through the basic technology of humanized design of space combinations and basic technology of space station construction, and established a round-trip transportation system for the world, so that my country has fully mastered the technologies of automatic and manual control rendezvous and docking of spacecraft, spacecraft orbiting and other technologies, especially marking the increasing maturity of Shenzhou Spaceship as my country's manned world round-trip transportation system, laying a technical foundation for the implementation of my country's third step development plan for manned space.
In 2016, the multi-purpose spacecraft scaled return capsule carried by the first flight of Long March 7 successfully returned, verifying the new aerodynamic appearance of the return capsule of the new generation of multi-purpose spacecraft, breaking through a number of key technologies; implementing the Tiangong-2 and Shenzhou 11 manned flight missions, realizing the mid-term in-orbit residence of astronauts for the first time, and carrying out a number of space science and application tasks that reflect the international scientific frontier and high-tech development direction.
In 2017, my country launched the Tianzhou-1 cargo spacecraft , breaking through and verifying key technologies such as space station cargo transportation and propellant in orbit replenishment, and the flight mission was a complete success. At this point, the second step of the manned spacecraft project has been successfully concluded.
Continue to strive for the future. It is expected to build a space station and build a national space laboratory. This is an important goal of realizing the "three-step" strategy of manned space engineering and an important leading project for building a strong country in science and technology and aerospace power.
The main task of the third step of the manned aerospace project is to "build a space station to solve the problem of large-scale and long-term human-care space application."
On April 29, 2021, the Long March 5B carrier rocket sent the Tianhe core module of China's space station into space, promoting the construction of my country's space station into a full implementation stage. The Chinese ushered in the first warm and comfortable space home. From May to October of the same year, the Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft , the Shenzhou-12 manned spacecraft , the Tianzhou-3 cargo spacecraft , and the Shenzhou-13 manned spacecraft were successively sent into space.
On April 16, 2022, the return capsule of the Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft successfully landed. China Space Station key technology verification stage was successfully completed and entered the comprehensive construction stage. On June 5, the Shenzhou 14 manned spacecraft successfully sent Chen Dong , Liu Yang , and Cai Xuzhe into space, marking the official start of the first manned mission since the Chinese space station mission entered the construction stage. On July 24, the first experimental cabin of my country's space station, the Wentian experimental cabin, which is also the largest single sealed cabin body in my country, flew across the sky under the support of the Long March 5B launch vehicle, effectively promoting the successful completion of the in-orbit construction mission of China's space station on schedule.
In 2022, the Chinese space station will finally complete the construction task of "T-shaped configuration", and the Chinese people's dream of flying space will be even higher.
Xinhua News Agency reporter Hu Zhe Li Guoli
(according to Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, September 21)
(original title: Chinese people’s flying dreams are even higher)
Source: Beijing Daily According to Xinhua News Agency
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