One day in August 1959, several armed forces set out from the Western Military District of India, sneakily crossed the Sino-Indian border, and began shameless territorial demarcation activities.

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One day in August 1959, several armed forces set out from the Western Military District of India, sneakily crossed the Sino-Indian border, and began shameless territorial demarcation activities.

Two months later, with the successful establishment of multiple invasion strongholds, the Indian army seemed to have tasted the sweetness and intensified its efforts to advance and penetrate deeper into our country with great ambitions.

On October 20, 1959, the Kongka Pass Incident

Inevitably, the Indian army eventually had a head-on conflict with our army in the majestic mountains of the western plateau. The two sides were at war with each other and the battle was about to break out. This is the famous Kongka Pass. event.

In this battle, after the enemy fired the first shot, our army was outnumbered and captured many Indian army officers and soldiers, while only one of our own was injured or killed.

I thought that this battle would calm down India, who was in trouble. Unexpectedly, India used this as an excuse to send troops more arrogantly towards our border, and took the lead in launching a full-scale offensive in 1962. The first shot in Tibet.

Why does India have the confidence to declare war on my country? How did our country fight back against it? What was the outcome of the war? Next, please follow the author to lift the curtain of history and savor this textbook-like battle.

Separation of India and Pakistan and irritable neighbors

After the end of World War II , the national power of the old colonial countries headed by Britain and France has declined significantly, especially Great Britain, which was once known as the "Empire on which the Sun Never Sets". With the sun declining, the past glory of the empire has been swept into the remnants of history and is no longer what it once was. With the loneliness of the mother country, the colonial aborigines of Britain, France and other countries in the past saw hope, and a vigorous independence movement broke out around the world.

Mountbatten

Britain, France and other countries could no longer maintain their relations with their colonies, so they simply got together and dispersed, and gained a good reputation. As for one of our protagonists today - India (or the Republic of India), it is in this Born in the wave.

Speaking of Indian independence, we have to mention a famous figure in modern history. He was one of the most famous second generation ancestors in Britain and even the world at that time, a synonym for vanity and idiots, and the last governor of the Indian colony- Mongolia. Lord barton .

When India was fighting for independence, it was he who proposed the " Mountbatten Plan ". This plan can be said to be very sinister and has the characteristics of British diplomacy. The

plan divided the colonial territory of India into two parts: Pakistan and India, and created disputed areas such as Kashmir . As a result, India and Pakistan have continued to fight over border issues, wasting people and money. Of course, these are beside the topic.

Let's talk about India's independence. Although we all know that India has great internal problems, such as "caste system" and "religious conflicts". But we have to admit that India has natural geographical advantages. Not only does it face the sea on three sides, it is also an important node connecting the maritime trade between the East and the West. There are many plains in the country, which are suitable for the development of large-scale agriculture. In addition, it is a country with a large population and a large land area. Therefore, it is easy to develop by relying on the demographic dividend in the early stage.

But we must clarify a question. As an important neighbor on our southwest border, after India develops, will it be good or bad for our country?

The answer is naturally no.

First of all, India has been a British colony for more than a hundred years, and the entire social atmosphere has almost completely moved closer to the West under the influence of a hundred years.

Several leaders who led India to independence, including Nehru, Gandhi, and Jinnah , were educated by Western elites. Therefore, even after independence, India always regarded Britain as its "father". relations between the two countries.

Gandhi

Secondly, around the 1960s, our country broke off diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union, and its relationship with the United States was not harmonious. It can be said that it was at odds with both poles.

Therefore, in order to curb my country's development in Asia, supporting a land neighbor of my country in South Asia is undoubtedly the best solution for the United States and the Soviet Union.

Although in the early days of India's founding in the 1950s, when the domestic situation was not stable, the relationship with our country was still harmonious. Premier Zhou even flew to India to meet with Nehru and proposed the famous "Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence" "At that time, the two countries could be called harmonious neighbors.

But this situation broke down within less than ten years.

With the assistance of the United States and the Soviet Union, India has made great progress in both economic and military strength. As the saying goes, "when you drink enough, you think about lust, but when you are full, you have nothing to do."

At this time, India felt that it was getting stronger, so it couldn't help but show off its muscles to neighboring countries. Not only did it launch multiple India-Pakistan wars, but it also shamelessly formulated a so-called "Greater Indian Federation" plan. .

Prime Minister Zhou and Nehru

This plan is generally the same as Japan's "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere" in the past. When I learned about this period of history, it really made the author laugh and cry.

From the conflict at the beginning of the article, everyone must have guessed that China was naturally included in the so-called federal territory by India.

And how will our country respond to this extremely irritable neighbor? Everyone will wait and see.

Those who offend China will be punished no matter how far away they are!

Regarding the territorial disputes between China and India, they are mainly focused on the "McMahon Line" and the Asak Chin region. You can understand that it is India's attempt to exploit a historical loophole and forcefully force territorial claims that our country's officials have never Admitted it.

But as I said before, India has inherited the colonial expansionism of its "father" Britain, and it is thinking about food every day.

Let’s talk about the domestic situation at that time. After the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations, the Soviet Union had millions of soldiers in the north, and the United States island chain in the Asia-Pacific region was heavily invaded. The country had just emerged from three years of difficult times. It could be said that there were internal and external troubles.

McMahon Line

Our country's leaders cannot see India's ambitions. However, in order to stabilize the situation first, our country is not willing to make too many enemies, so our country is still willing to make concessions in territorial disputes.

The Prime Minister specially flew to India this week to discuss the matter with Nehru. The general meaning of the Prime Minister's meeting was: We are all third world countries, why should we kill each other? Wouldn’t it be better for everyone to take a step back and let the world be brighter? But we must not fall for the trick of the United States and the Soviet Union and let them enjoy the show while benefiting from it.

But Nehru did not accept this trick. He thought to himself: China actually took the initiative to seek peace, which shows that the rumors are true. China's military strength has been dragged down by the economy and has become vulnerable. This is a great advantage for invasion. opportunity!

Therefore, in the face of Premier Zhou's kind words and advice, Nehru did not appreciate it and even directly announced publicly:

He wanted to "clear out" the Chinese army from the Chinese territory occupied by the Indian army.

Subsequently, India invested a large number of troops on the Sino-Indian border and launched a large-scale attack on our country's border defense forces.

Chairman Mao

Faced with the menacing Indian army, our country's leaders finally realized that it seemed that only by promoting peace through war could this neighbor settle down.

On October 18, 1962, at the enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, Chairman Mao said:

"Since 1959, we have adopted many methods to seek a peaceful solution to the problem, but India has refused to do it, deliberately provoking armed conflict, and going beyond the borders. It's too much to bully others. Since Nehru has to fight, we can only accompany him. As the saying goes, there is no deal without fighting. Maybe we can fight back and the border can be settled peacefully. Only with the border issue can we hope to realize it. But our counterattack is only a warning and punishment, and it only tells Nehru and the Indian government that it is impossible to solve the border issue by military means."

As the greatest military strategist of New China, Mao Zedong. The chairman participated in the formulation of the strategy for the counterattack against India.

At this time, ten years have passed since the last large-scale war ( Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea ). Many young soldiers have not experienced the baptism of war. Therefore, at a military meeting, Chairman Mao once asked the Tibet Military Region Commander Zhang Guohua :

"I heard that the Indian army still has some fighting capacity. Can we win the battle?"

Zhang Guohua

Zhang Guohua replied:

"We can win the battle. Please rest assured, Chairman, we will definitely win the battle!"

Chairman Mao again Said:

"Maybe we can't win, but there's nothing we can do about it. When we can't win, we don't blame heaven and earth, we just blame ourselves for not having the ability. The worst outcome is nothing more than the Indian army encroaching on our territory, Tibet. But Tibet is China’s sacred territory. This is known to the world and can never be changed. One day, we will take it back.”

Fortunately, Chairman Mao’s worries did not come true.

In fact, in the first stage of the war, our army took the initiative on the battlefield, and this process only took eight days.

In the eastern section of the border, our army completely annihilated the Indian Army’s ace 7th Brigade and other units of the Indian Army, wiping out more than 1,900 Indian troops.

In the western section of the front, which is the border with Xinjiang, our army marched thousands of miles and uprooted 37 Indian army strongholds in one fell swoop. The momentum was overwhelming along the way, and the Indian army had no power to fight back.

After the first phase, due to concerns that the supply line was stretched too long, our army decided to retreat temporarily, both for supplies and to start peace talks with India.

The surrendered Indian army

At that time, Chairman Mao and others thought: The Indian army won repeated battles without fighting and before it really exerted its strength. This battle was meaningless. It would be better to negotiate early and save some expenses.

As a result, we once again sent diplomats to try to conduct peace talks with India. Unexpectedly, Nehru once again refused to negotiate.

Battle of Walong

Nehru was very unwilling. In his opinion, the main reason why the Indian army was retreating was that the support from the United States and the Soviet Union was not in place, otherwise why would it be like this!

In fact, the United States and the Soviet Union have already given a lot.

In order to support India in this war, the United States not only allocated a large amount of economic assistance to India, but also provided a complete set of equipment for 18 infantry brigades free of charge, as well as dozens of aircraft. Even CIA is also serving this war.

The Soviet Union was not far behind. In addition to providing India with the blueprints of the most advanced MiG-21 fighter jet at the time, it also helped India train pilots.

Khrushchev

Even Soviet leader Khrushchev personally cheered Nehru on and promised that the Soviet Union would be India's solid backing.

Even so, Nehru was still not satisfied. On the one hand, he secretly contacted the United States to request support. On the other hand, he urgently mobilized 30,000 troops to attack the retreating People's Liberation Army!

Nehru's move really caught us off guard, and the People's Liberation Army suffered casualties as a result. This was a rare victory for the Indian army since the war began.

However, looking at the overall situation, Nehru's surprise attack was a failure.

Sun Tzu's "The Art of War" says: "Any warrior must use the right combination to win by surprise."

What does this sentence mean? To put it simply, you can use strange tricks to win the battle, but at the same time, you must ensure that your basic skills and hard power are solid, otherwise one or two small victories will not change the overall situation. This is the crux of the Indian army, an army without faith, An army that relies heavily on foreign aid is ultimately useless!

When the news of the Indian army’s raid on our army reached the central government, the central government was furious. The Indian army does not respect martial ethics, so we will teach them! The second phase of the

campaign started on November 14th and ended on the 21st.

The captured Indian army

In the battle in the western section of the border, that is, in the direction of Xishan Pass - Derangzong - Bomdila , our army gave full play to its ancestral roundabout tactics.

summed up this battle in eight words: "cutting off the head, cutting off the tail, cutting off the waist, and disemboweling the abdomen." A set of tactics was very smooth, and three Indian brigades were captured in one go, and the Indian Brigadier General Hoshil... There were more than 5,200 officers and soldiers under Singh, which severely damaged the vitality of the Indian army.

The Walong battlefield in the eastern section also had the final word.

Walong is located at the southern foot of the Himalayas in the eastern section of the Sino-Indian border. It covers an area of ​​more than 3,000 square kilometers. It was occupied by the British in 1942 and was taken over by the Indian army after India's independence.

After decades of operation, the Indian army has built thousands of bunkers in a place as big as Walong, with the surroundings covered with mines and barbed wire.

Not only that, but India's ace brigade, the 11th Brigade, was also transferred to guard here.

This ace brigade is not simple. Nearly 30% of the soldiers have participated in World War II and have a good record. The weapons and equipment are world-class, and the paper data is very luxurious.

Major General Ding Sheng

It was Major General Ding Shengand the 54th Army under his command who received the order to attack.

As soon as he received the mission, General Ding Sheng started to deduce it on the sand table. Although the Indian army's performance in the early stages of the war was very dismal, the veteran general Ding Sheng couldn't help but frown when he saw the intelligence about Walong at hand. This battle is not easy to fight.

Despite this, Ding Sheng still surveyed the terrain and formulated a combat plan of "closing the door and beating the dog" .

The Indian army's Walong position is divided into two ends, one side is connected to Tibet, and the other side is connected to the Indian mainland. This design is conducive to the stationing support of friendly forces on the one hand, and the timely retreat of the defenders on the other hand.

After observing this, Ding Sheng sent a battalion to ambush behind Wanong, cutting off the defenders' retreat, and preparing to catch turtles in the jar.

Before the battle started, the 130th Division of the 54th Army first attacked the Walong forward position, not only to test the enemy's level, but also to provide a positional fulcrum for the subsequent general offensive.

After being fully prepared, General Ding Sheng did not delay and advanced the general attack originally scheduled for the 18th to the 16th because he was worried about sudden enemy reinforcements.

Walong on the map

As soon as the battle started, both sides were shocked.

The Indian army was surprised by how terrifying our artillery bombardment was. After one round of shelling, the position was almost barren of grass.

But we found that this so-called bunker of the Indian Army was as weak as paper.

The originally prepared 40mm rocket launchers, 75mm recoilless rifles and other direct-aimed firearms are just like cannons to fight mosquitoes. They are really wasteful. Only two hand grenades can blow up the bunker made of branches and mud by the Indian army.

After realizing this, our soldiers all showed their true qualities of being desperate, rushing forward desperately in order to throw the grenade into the bunker more accurately.

For example, soldier Chen Daifu watched the Indian army throw the grenade he had just thrown out. So, he relied on the terrain to cover his body, quietly touched the top of the Indian army's mother fort, lit an explosive canister and followed the fortress. Throw it in through the gap, and then block the exit with your body. The most amazing thing about

is that with his fighting instinct, he escaped from the mother fort the moment the explosive cannon detonated, and all the enemies in the mother fort were wiped out.

Chen Daifu

Afterwards, Chen Daifu adhered to the principle of "do not leave the line of fire for minor injuries". He was wounded many times and still continued to fight until the end of the entire battle.

After the war, the Ministry of National Defense awarded Chen Daifu the title of "Living Huang Jiguang Fighting Hero".

Perhaps intimidated by the astonishing combat power displayed by our army, the original deployment of the Indian army was disrupted one by one. The commander of the 11th Indian Brigade Kaur was in a panic and just wanted to escape. He issued an order before boarding the plane. Order the entire army to retreat.

Everyone must have guessed that Ding Sheng laid the groundwork before the war, which was to use a battalion to block all the retreating Indian troops.

In this way, our army successfully captured the so-called ace unit of the Indian army and the impregnable fortress in just ten hours, and won the victory like a chopping of melons and vegetables.

After the war, General Ding Sheng walked on the messy battlefield and sighed with emotion:

"What bullshit 'Ace Division' is easier to fight than the national army. This is simply 'adults beating children'!"

Ding Sheng (First from right)

With the complete defeat of the Indian army in the east and west battlefields, our army has uprooted all the invasion strongholds established by the Indian army on the Sino-Indian border.

The goal of the war has been achieved. Our army paid gold to withdraw its troops, and took the initiative to return prisoners, seized weapons and other materials after the war.

This move gave our country the upper hand in international public opinion. It not only demonstrated its military strength, but also showed the courage that a big country should have.

Summary

Chairman Mao concluded after the war:

"This self-defense counterattack is a military-political battle, or a political-military battle. The Indians claimed to have captured our prisoners, but in the end they could not hand over any of them. This War can maintain stability on the Sino-Indian border for at least ten years. "

In fact, Chairman Mao was still conservative. The Sino-Indian war has been going on for 70 years. Although minor frictions and collisions on the border have occurred from time to time in recent years, the The lingering power of the battle ten years ago still lingers, making the Indian army never dare to cross the border.

The national flag standing on the border between China and India

In today's era, peace and development have become the main theme. When dealing with diplomatic disputes, we should all strive for peaceful solutions. It should be noted that there are no winners in wars, only losers.

But at the same time, we must also remember history. Dignity only lies on the edge of the sword. May the alarm bells ring!