" I am worthy of my country, I am worthy of my country... "
This is Sun Liren said before his death. I didn't say I was worthy of their "party state", and I was worthy of the Jiang dynasty. It emphasizes being worthy of the motherland. Soon, Sun Liren died of illness in Taiwan, China, at the age of 90. This day is November 19, 1990.
Then, Taiwan held a very grand funeral for Sun Liren. Regarding the scale of the funeral, a Taiwanese professor named Xu later described it as follows:
The funeral of General Sun Liren was indeed extremely sad, and more than 10,000 people voluntarily went to condolences. In Taiwan in the future, there will probably not be the same touching scenes...
This is true.
On that day, many veterans rushed to Taiwan, China from all over the world. When they knelt on the ground and did not want to get up for a long time, the world saw the influence of Sun Liren in the military; For all these prestigious schools known as "Southern West Point", Sun Liren has always been the pride of the school.
On that day, a large number of Taiwanese people spontaneously came to send General Sun off, and many people knelt to salute. After entering Taiwan,
was placed under house arrest for 33 years. For 33 years, without a soldier on his hands, he disappeared from the public's sight early. Many people think that the world has long forgotten this famous anti-Japanese general, and never thought he still had such an influence.
Later, Sun Liren was buried in Dakeng Dongshan Cemetery in Beitun District, Taichung. This is a very special cemetery: the coffin has not been put into the ground, so it is placed upright on the ground.
The reason for doing this is not because the children are ignorant.It was because Sun Li made it clear before his life that he would be buried in the Indian-Burmese cemetery of the New First Army in Matougang, Guangzhou, and stay with his comrades. Since this wish cannot be realized, future generations can only arrange this way.
The failure of the coffin to enter the earth in 31 years undoubtedly proves one thing: Sun Liren wanted to return to the mainland in his later years. This point can also be proved by a letter exchange with the female writer Bing Xin before his death.
In this issue, the soul said that it is this dusty past that I want to tell you. Why did Bing Xin write to Sun Liren in 1990? What has Sun Liren experienced in Taiwan, and why is he under house arrest? How did he respond to Bing Xin when he was so wronged? The righteousness of the family and the country, the friendship and affection, are all in these past events.
1: Sun Liren’s sadness, Li Ao sharp evaluation
As we all know, the writer Li Ao has always dared to speak and scold, he once expressed his opinion very directly: the generals of the national army who went to Taiwan were all It is the generation who is greedy for life and fear of death. But Li Ao respected Sun Liren very much.
Li Ao once expressed his admiration for Sun Liren in this way:
General Sun is the most outstanding general in the Kuomintang group. He has deep education and no one can reach; no one can match his military training. No one can reach; there are so many bullet holes on the body that no one can reach; and the international reputation is so high that no one can reach.
When the Sun Liren Memorial Hall was unveiled in 2010, Li Ao said with regret: "But he was born at a bad time and caught up with the era of and Chiang Kai-shek and was sacrificed." Li Ao said nothing. Reliable, but this sentence pointedly pointed out the reason for Sun Liren's tragedy in the second half of his life: he shouldn't talk to Chiang Kai-shek!
Sun Liren is an Anhui native. He was born in a scholarly family in 1900. He came from a good family. His father was from the late Qing Dynasty, and he used to serve as the prefect of Dengzhou, Shandong. Therefore, he received a good education since he was a child. In his later years, his calligraphy, poetry and other attainments were extremely high,Both are inseparable from the early education.
Living in such a family, it stands to reason that Sun Liren should be a literati, but an experience at the age of 9 changed his understanding of life.
At that time, he came to Qingdao to live with his family. At that time, the foreigners in Qingdao were "a superior." One day, while playing on the beach, he was inexplicably slapped in the face by two German children. This incident made the young Sun Liren hate the Western powers.
In 1914, 14-year-old Sun Liren was admitted to Beijing Tsinghua School with the first result, which is now the predecessor of Tsinghua University . In school, Sun Liren is definitely a shining star. He loves playing basketball very much. He was one of the "Five Tigers" of Tsinghua basketball at the time. He even represented the national team in competitions and won the Far East basketball championship.
After graduating from Tsinghua, Sun Liren entered a university in the United States to study civil engineering. Because of his brain and his willingness to work hard, he obtained the engineer certificate in just two years. For the Chinese in the United States at that time, the engineer was obviously a decent job.
But when he witnessed the launderers and foot repairers in Chinatown who were disliked by , he could no longer "be alone". Soon, Sun Liren, who knew that only the revitalization of the military could save the country, joined the army and was admitted to the U.S. Virginia Military Academy.
After returning to China in 1928, Sun Liren officially began his "road of opening up" in the military. Many years later, when military historians combed Sun Liren's military career, they always had to write down such scenes:
Songhu Battle , with him. is on the Suzhou River,He led his troops to the forefront and fell into the Japanese machine gun fire. After being sent to the hospital, the doctor found that there were 13 injuries on his body, his lungs were almost punctured, and he was in a coma for 3 days. Had it not happened that a young student had donated blood to him, he would have been unable to survive that time. This year, he was 37 years old.
The first battle of Burma, with him. In a foreign country, he led the expeditionary force to fight with the Japanese army for two days, annihilated the main force of the Japanese army, seized 100 cars and more than 1,000 horses. The American general who is not easy to boast Stilwell bluntly: This guy is so kind, he is a real soldier! This year, he was 42 years old.
The second battle of northern Myanmar, with him. broke through the Savage Mountain and fought fiercely with the Japanese army for more than 80 days, and the Japanese army collapsed across the board. After the war, he was called "Oriental Rommel". This year, he was 44 years old.
Jiang Jieshi will definitely reuse this kind of general who can give himself a long face at home and abroad. However, when his fame among the Americans is getting bigger and bigger, and he is even suspected of being "high-powered", it is difficult to tolerate him by Chiang Kai-shek's measurement. What's more, he is not a general of the Huangpu family. Regarding whether it is Whampoa , Lao Jiang has always been very concerned about it.
So, after the defeat in the Northeast, Sun Liren was "snow hidden" by Lao Jiang. It was not until June 1947 that the United States sent a mission to China that Chiang Kai-shek remembered Sun Liren again.
Sun Liren has experience in the United States and has established friendships with many American generals during the expedition. at this time,Chiang Kai-shek, who desperately needs the support of the US military, judged that if he wants the Americans to be satisfied, it is most appropriate to send Sun Liren to contact him. Soon, Sun Liren became the reporter of the mission and was later appointed as the deputy commander-in-chief of the army.
On September 1, 1949, Sun Liren was appointed as Taiwan’s defense commander. Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan, and Sun Liren became a man he had to rely on. He not only promoted Sun Liren to the commander-in-chief of the army, but also promoted him to the second-level general of the army.
The tree must attract the wind! At that time, there were rumors from all walks of life in Taiwan that the Americans were too disappointed with Chiang Kai-shek and prepared to "replace Chiang with his grandson." According to other people's reports, Sun Liren had already discussed with the Americans and wanted to find an opportunity to pull Lao Jiang off the horse. These rumors made Chiang Kai-shek intolerable towards Sun Liren. Therefore, in 1954, Chiang Kai-shek degraded him as "the commander of the army in the presidential palace" and changed his position from real power to vacant position.
If this continues, then Sun Liren's old age will at least be peaceful. But soon, a misfortune pushed Sun Liren into a state of "undifferences".
In June 1955, Chiang Kai-shek, who was planning to conduct a military parade in Tainan, received news that Sun Liren would lead his subordinates to initiate a mutiny during the military parade. Such news made Chiang Kai-shek quite angry. Lao Jiang was afraid that Sun Liren would let himself go through the " Xi'an Incident " again. Therefore, he quickly ordered Chen Cheng and others to set up an investigation committee, and he must find out.
50 days later, the results of the treatment were announced, and Sun Liren began his 33-year house arrest career. The truth of this incident was not ascertained until Sun Liren's death: everything was imaginary.
How can Chiang Kai-shek, a shrewd person, believe in such a thing? Some people say that those who frame Sun Liren are jealous of him, but the root cause is nothing more than Jiang Jieshi’s heart,Deeply jealous of Sun Liren.
2: Poor, can't help him
After Sun Liren fell down, the officials did not give him any face, and directly expelled him and his family from the official residence and arranged to live in a bungalow in Taichung inside. Chiang Kai-shek sent 6 plainclothes to monitor Sun Liren around the clock. From then on, any private activities of him need to be approved.
Sun Liren has 2 sons and 2 daughters. They are called Sun Zhongping, Sun Anping , Sun Tianping , and Sun Taiping. These children were born after arriving in Taiwan, and they are all at the age that needs to be cultivated.
Because there is no source of wages, he can't support a few children to go to school only by receiving the pitiful living expenses. And those old comrades-in-arms of the past, although some were willing to help, they did not dare to interact with him much. Pity this famous star from an extraordinary family background, he has to worry about the children's tuition when he grows old.
However, Sun Liren soon found a way to make money. I don't know from what day, a kind of fragrant and very good-looking rose suddenly appeared on the streets of Taichung. Later, the people learned that it was Sun Li's race to sell the money. Therefore, young people call this rose "General's Rose". For a time, "General Rose" was very popular.
In addition to planting roses, Sun Liren also planted fruit trees with good results. One day, the children discovered that Sun Liren planted another purple and white jasmine flower next to the bedroom.
The children didn't understand. They thought that their father was selling money again, so they gathered around and asked him. Sun Liren told them: "This is our Tsinghua school color!" For Sun Liren, the time he went to school at Tsinghua was the best experience in his life. The boy on the basketball court that year has been buried in his heart, but he has nothing to do with him.
In addition to growing two-color jasmine at home,In the eyes of children, Sun Liren in his later years is still a little different. Every time he finished drinking a glass of milk powdered with milk, he couldn't bear to wash it off. He would pour another half of boiled water into the glass, and then drank it all in one go.
The children felt that he was too economical, until after a long time, Sun Li told them why. It turned out that when he was in Myanmar that year, he and his comrades often beat devils hungry. Occasionally, friendly forces will drop some cans of condensed milk down.
This kind of condensed milk is extremely precious on the battlefield. When your comrades pick it up, it is like a treasure, always flushing the water again and again until it is completely tasteless. Sun Liren has maintained this habit. The children know: Every time the father does this, he is thinking of the old men on the battlefield stained with blood.
Although poor, Sun Liren is extremely successful in cultivating children. If there is no money to find someone for counseling, Sun Liren will teach him personally. As Li Ao said, he is very knowledgeable. These four children have grown up without exception. Some of them have become business executives and some have become professors. Sun Liren set two "iron rules" for them:
First, those who go to college can only go to Tsinghua University in Taiwan. Although the children cannot go to Tsinghua University in Beijing, this is also a comfort to Sun Liren;
Secondly, the children have all studied in the United States, and when they grow up, they also work and live in the United States, so Sun Liren asked them to make a decision. Cannot become American citizens, sons cannot marry American women, and daughters cannot marry American men.
Sun Liren can discuss other things in life with the children, only these two things have no room for discussion. Finally, her youngest daughter living in the United States did not dare to marry her lover until her father passed away. But with regard to the change of nationality, the children of the grandson family have repeatedly stated to the public that descendants of the grandson family will never be naturalized in the United States.
Three: A letter from Bing Xin
Obviously, being poor can't help Sun Liren. What really caused him to be tortured was his inability to be free. At that time, Chiang Kai-shek had always been tough on Sun Liren's house arrest. After the death of Chiang Kai-shek, Jiang Jingguo also held the same attitude.
Until 1988, after Jiang Jingguo's death, Sun Li regained his freedom due to the active struggle of the Sun family and some old men.On March 20, 1988, an official came to him to inform him: "From now on you can go wherever you want and meet anyone you want!"
This year, Sun Liren was 88 years old. It is infinitely sad that this year there is an old man in Taiwan, China, who is still making the last effort for the free body, he is Zhang Xueliang . Two years later, the marshal was completely restored to freedom.
The news of Sun Liren's regaining freedom soon spread to mainland China and attracted the attention of an old friend. This person is precisely: the famous female writer Bing Xin. Many friends may have doubts, how could a female writer have any intersection with Sun Liren? In fact, the two are old friends.
In the 1920s, more than 80 Tsinghua students including Liang Shiqiu Wu Wenzao and Sun Liren took a boat to study in the United States. At that time, Bing Xin was also on this ship and was one of the few female students studying abroad.
While on the boat, although Bing Xin did not know Sun Liren, she met Wu Wenzao, and Wu Wenzao and Sun Liren were old classmates of Tsinghua University. Later, when Bing Xin married Wu Wenzao, he naturally had the opportunity to get acquainted with Sun Liren.
In the literary world, Bing Xin and Wu Wenzao are famous for their cleanliness. Song Meiling once arranged a high-paying position for Bing Xin, but she flatly rejected them. Sun Liren is also a well-known "high-ranking" general in the national army .
He did not want to go with other officers, so he was squeezed out for a long time. Sun Liren loves to talk to Bing Xin and Wu Wenzao every time he feels unhappy. When Bing Xin recalled Sun Liren in his later years, he described it like this:
When talking about his record on the Yunnan-Burma Road, he was really talking and laughing, and he was full of looks. He made us proud!
Yes! General Sun, who was on the Yunnan-Burma Road,It is indeed worthy of friends to be proud of him.
After Sun Liren went to Taiwan, Bing Xin could no longer communicate with him. Until he heard that he had regained his freedom, 90-year-old Bing Xin specially commissioned a friend to bring him a letter in 1990. The content of the letter was very simple. In addition to informing Wu Wenzao that he had passed away five years ago, he also sincerely invited him back to the mainland to take a look.
Cross-strait communication was still quite difficult at that time. After the letter was sent, Bing Xin fell into an anxious wait. Two months later, she received this reply:
Wanying's wife Dajian:
Mr. Xu Ti came to the house and read the handwriting aloud. It is very important to Liren, and I am deeply impressed by it. Recalling the same boat eastward, nearly seventy years have passed in a flash. The boys of the past are all in decline, and brother Wen Zao has passed away. The impermanence of the world is really unplayable. In the past two or three years, Liren's physical condition has not been as good as before. Although he does not need support from others, he is slow in walking and no longer briskly. Sometimes the brain is empty and it is difficult to concentrate. Recently, apart from going to the hospital regularly for rehabilitation exercises, they rarely go out.
At the end of the day, when will you be able to visit and talk about the past, it may not be inevitable, and your wish will be rewarded in the end. I can't say what I mean, Zhu Weizhenwei.
Let's wait for the peace.
My younger brother Sun Liren Baiqi
Currently, this precious letter is kept in Modern Chinese Literature Museum Letter Bank. From the perspective of the words, this is a very level letter:
a , whether it is from the title, the last blessing, "Yin Yin chui Zhu", "Gan Zhuan" and other words, you can read it. Come out, General Sun's writing skills are extremely high. The entire reply was written in a very decent way, and it was done in one go.
Secondly, in the first paragraph of the letter, General Sun was extremely restrained in his words. Even when he mentioned that he was "not as good as before" and "empty in his head", it was only an understatement, and it seemed that he had already taken it lightly.
three come,The second paragraph of the letter expresses emotional fluctuations that are difficult to conceal in restraint. Judging from the phrase "when will he be able to visit", he really wants to come back, but he doesn't know when the return date will be.
There is a lot of discussion about why Sun Liren can't come back. Most people believe that although the Taiwan authorities say that he will be restored to his freedom, it does not mean that he will be allowed to come to the mainland. Before the motherland is reunified, his way back home can only be a dream. In addition, his body was already extremely poor at the time.
In fact, the difficulty of returning to his homeland has always been the pain of Sun Liren's later years. Earlier, the old ministry went back to visit relatives and brought him a photo of his hometown in Anhui. After General Sun got the photo, he looked at it, wiped it and wiped it. He said to his subordinates: "Although the old dream is relived, I still feel that it is so!"
5 months after writing this reply, October 1990 On the 5th, it happened to be Bing Xin's 90th birthday. Sun Liren specially sent a congratulatory message and mentioned these two lines of poems: "There is a confidant in the sea, and the world is next to each other!" Wang Bo 's ancient famous line, Sun Liren hid everything he wanted to say in it.
In November 1990, the mainland writer Zhou Liangpei went to Taiwan to visit Sun Liren. At that time, General Sun needed human support to walk around. Hearing Zhou Liangpei mentioning his military merits during the War of Resistance against Japan, Sun Liren said this:
Would you still know such a thing in the mainland today?
Obviously, Sun Liren thought that his bravery had been forgotten by the mainland people. What he didn't know was that our party and ordinary people had never forgotten him. In his hometown in Anhui, the former residence of Sun Liren has always been built. Later, his parents' cemetery was also moved to the local area.
Therefore, regarding Sun Liren’s question, Zhou Liangpei told him very clearly: “Anything that is beneficial to our country and nation will be written as it is in history!”
After hearing this answer, Sun Liren said Nodded. Later, Zhou Liangpei described Sun Liren’s expression at the time like this: "The gray and dry eyes kept turning!"When Zhou Liangpei was about to leave, General Sun actually took away the hand of others holding him and gave him a military salute. This scene was deeply imprinted in the eyes of everyone present.
Soon after this conversation, Sun Liren passed away in Taiwan, China. The moment Bing Xin saw the news in the newspaper, Bing Xin was deeply saddened. After Sun Liren died of illness, a friend from Taiwan sent Bing Xin some photos of his later years. Looking at the photos, Bing Xin was even more emotional. In the photo, Sun Liren's face is full of vicissitudes, telling the grievances he has suffered in Taiwan over the past few decades.
A few days later, Bing Xin wrote such a poem for her old friend:
The wind and cloud has only faded away.
I groaned to enmity and hatred,
I slapped sideways to heaven and earth!
This poem is a sigh for Sun Liren's experience in his later years. It is only 28 characters long and full of helplessness.
The tragedy of General Sun Liren's later years is because he followed the wrong person, and he shouldn't be with Chiang Kai-shek. However, from his later homesickness and his great military exploits on the anti-Japanese battlefield, his patriotic heart can be learned.
Today, the tomb of General Sun is an important cultural relic protection unit in Anhui. Every day, many people come with respect, and many parents will tell their children: "This man was beaten so that the Japanese devils could not find the North!" And his coffin in Taiwan, China, was just placed on the ground. Whenever I think about this, I only hope that the motherland will be reunified as soon as possible. Only on that day will General Sun be able to enter the land for safety.
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