National war criminals in Gongdelin
After the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, they attracted worldwide attention. They were not only in Taiwan's . Chiang Kai-shek asked the United States to join the war three times, and even was imprisoned in Beijing Gongdelin Prison The war criminals of the national army are also concerned.
These war criminals are not ordinary characters, most of them are senior generals of the national army captured in the Liberation War , such as Du Yuming , , Liao Yaoxiang _strong_strong_strong14 span4 and Huang11span strong_strong_strongspan. Although these people were captured, they were basically unconvinced and felt that they would lose but they didn't go far.
When they heard that the Volunteers would also join the war, they all felt that the good days of New China were coming to an end, and their chance to make a comeback had arrived.
However, after the news of the Changjin Lake battle started, these war criminals changed their views one after another, and tearfully requested to go to the frontline battlefield and participate in the battle.
Afterwards, Chairman Mao also praised these people for their merits to the people.
What is going on?
First heard of Resisting U.S. Aid Korea
When I heard that the volunteers were going to send troops to the Korean Peninsula,When resisting US aggression and aid to Korea, these national war criminals would generally believe that China would undoubtedly lose, and there was also a reason. There are two main reasons.
On the one hand, most of the war criminals who were formerly senior generals of the national army received systematic military education, and many of them graduated from the famous military academies at the time Huangpu Military Academy, such as Du Yuming and Huang Wei, they are both the first graduates of the Whampoa Military Academy.
Beijing Gongdelin Prison
These war criminals believed that they were born in a science class, whether it was cultural or military quality, they were higher than most PLA generals from " mud legs ". And the reason why they lost to the People's Liberation Army was mainly because the people supported the People's Liberation Army. Therefore, they did not lose in military capability, but in the hearts of the people.
On the other hand, , as a former general of the national army, have more or less dealt with members of the American army, even if they did not, they have all used sophisticated and advanced weapons and equipment provided by the United States. Know how powerful the US military is.
They believe that even if the People’s Liberation Army can rely on the people’s support to outperform their national army on Chinese soil, will wait until the Korean peninsula has a direct confrontation with the U.S. military, which is superior in all aspects, it will definitely soon. Defeated.
As a result, the war criminals in the Gongdelin Prison have been thinking of watching the show. During the daily labor reform, with the mood of schadenfreude, they tried to understand the war outside through newspapers and radio.
Wenqiang who has always refused to write a book of regretWhen he saw the news of "U.S. Army Incheon Landing" , he was thrilled to think about it day and night.
Wenqiang
When the staff of Gongdelin Management Office asked them to write an article on the theme of "Prediction of the US-North Korea War" , Wen Qiang did not hesitate to write on paper Said: "The United States is invincible!"
There are many war criminals like Wen Qiang. Some of them have already planned to accept the reform through labor and become as meek as sheep in Gongdelin Prison. , But soon after the news of resisting U.S. aggression and aid to Korea came, he changed his style and returned to the previous state of "stabbing the head" and causing trouble.
However, in addition to these imaginary people, there are many war criminals of the national army who are very calm and do not make reckless conclusions.
Many of them also feel that they have not lost in military capabilities, or are still stubborn with Chiang Kai-shek, and sincerely hope that one day they can make a comeback. But at the same time, they still keep in mind their blood and righteousness as a Chinese, and they don't want the Volunteers to lose to the U.S. Army.
One of the most typical representatives is Du Yuming . As a first-term graduate of the Whampoa Military Academy, he is Chiang Kai-shek's confidant. He was able to save his life for Chiang Kai-shek, fought everywhere with illness, and remained unrepentant after being imprisoned in the Gongde Lin. But when Du Yuming learned of the news of resisting the US and aiding Korea, he did not gloat like Wen Qiang, but was rather worried.
Du Yuming
Du Yuming sincerely hopes that the volunteers can win, so he sums up his experience in dealing with American generals in the past ,I also wrote down the American equipment and combat characteristics of the US military that had studied from my memory, and solemnly handed it over to the management of Gongdelin, hoping to help the volunteers.
People like Du Yuming who have a deep sense of righteousness and the former army 18th army commander Yang Botao and others. After reading the daily newspapers, Yang Botao cares most not about how the U.S. military is fighting, but about the situation of the volunteers. As a qualified soldier, he admires the spirit of the volunteer soldiers who regard death as home, and he desperately wants to do something in his heart.
Yang Botao's troops in the past were all equipped with beautiful weapons and received guidance from the Americans. He knew them well. With this in mind, Yang Botao found a group of former senior military generals who had the same idea, including Wu Shaozhou , Hou Jihui and Song Ruike . A "temporary staff" wrote an academic article "Research on U.S. Military Tactics" with as many as 60,000 words.
Yang Botao
This research is of great help to the volunteers and has great reference value. Chairman Mao personally read this study, full of praise, and also gratified to praise these former military generals for their contributions to the people.
After the victory in the War of Resist US Aid Korea, Yang Botao, as the initiator of this "temporary staff", also won a commemorative shirt to commemorate the victory of Resist US Aid Korea.
Whether it is Chairman Mao’s praise or that significant commemorative shirt, it has a great influence on Yang Botao’s thinking. His patriotism was greatly motivated, and it also paved the way for the later completion of ideological changes and progress.
When Chairman Mao first approved the amnesty for the war criminals of Gongdelin in 1959, Yang Botao became the first war criminal of the original army to leave, and later became a member of the CPPCC, and made great contributions to the country and the people. Contribution.
The whole world is shocked
However, at that time, there were many war criminals who stood by the sidelines and watched purely the excitement.
But when the Chinese People's Volunteers arrived on the Korean battlefield and officially joined the war, these people could no longer sit still.
The first confrontation between the Volunteers and the U.S. Army took place at the end of October 1950. The 39th Corps of the Volunteers who rushed to the Korean battlefield encountered the U.S. 1st Cavalry Division in Yunshan.
Before the official start of the war, the US military went from commander-in-chief of MacArthur to the ordinary American soldiers below, almost completely ignored the volunteers. MacArthur was even more arrogant than the generals of the national army, and even publicly let out his remarks: "Before Christmas, I can bring our soldiers back to China to reunite with my family."
But the first battle fought in Yunshan , But completely beyond the expectations of all those who firmly believe that the US military will win.
Under the assault of the 39th Volunteer Army, the 8th Cavalry Regiment of the 1st Cavalry Division of the US Army was defeated.Originally, I wanted to come to support, but was helpless. Every time he launched an attack, he would always be repelled by the volunteers.
In the end, they could only watch the 3rd Battalion of the 8th Cavalry Regiment be wiped out by the volunteers. In this battle, the US army lost as many as 1,800 people, which was directly shocked by the combat capabilities of the volunteers, but this was only the beginning.
The Volunteer Army launched its first battle from October 25 to November 5, repelling the U.S. army from the Yalu River to the south of Qingchuan River . It also cost the U.S. military 15,000 casualties. .
This is not over yet. The Volunteers seized the opportunity and made persistent efforts. Taking advantage of the US military's care, the 9th Corps was urgently transferred from the country. Since the Volunteers had no air-control weapons, there was nothing to do with American fighters. In order to reduce losses, the 9th Corps could only go out at night after entering the DPRK, and marched quietly under the cover of night.
At that time, North Korea was already covered with heavy snow. The soldiers of the 9th Corps of the Volunteer Corps dripped knee-high snow and rushed for 18 days to grab the US Army's 1st Marine Division. Before , I arrived at around Changjin Lake and completed the ambush first.
The 1st Marine Division of the US Army is known as the "ace of the ace" is the strongest unit in the US military, equipped with the most sophisticated weapons, not to mention the support of bombers and tanks.
but it is such a powerful force,After being divided and encircled under the ambush of the Volunteers, they were disabled. After paying a huge cost of casualties, they had to begin to retreat to the south. This retreat was later called "the longest retreat in the history of the US military" .
Picture: During the Battle of Changjin Lake, the Volunteers braved the enemy's violent artillery to launch an assault
Waiting until December 24, 1950, the Volunteers launched the second battle of . At the end of the US army and the "United Nations The army has lost 36,000 people. They have been beaten back to the south of the 38th parallel. The South Korean capital Seoul was also successfully taken by the volunteer army and forced to enter the defensive stage.
This time, it is not only the US military and the " United Nations Army" who have been shocked. The people of the world who are concerned about this war have caused a sensation, and after the war criminals of the National Army in Gongdelin Prison heard the news, I couldn't believe my ears.
The Volunteer Army, which they looked down upon in all manners, was able to hold the backward guns and defeat the American army with countless planes and tanks!
The original convictions of these national army war criminals were shaken, and they began to truly reflect on the reasons for their failure.
The movement of fried noodles
In order to understand the real combat capabilities of the volunteers, these national army war criminals spontaneously set up the interest group , and came to the data browsing room to borrow newspaper information about the Anti-US Aid Korea, Yunshan Battle , Changjin Lake battle , no matter how big the battle, they will not let it go.
through these extensive readings,The war criminals were not only overwhelmed by the command and combat capabilities of the volunteer generals, but also finally gained a deep understanding of the combat environment of the volunteers.
What impressed them most was the Battle of Changjin Lake. In this battle, the 9th Corps, which was urgently transferred to North Korea, also wore cotton-padded clothes for the winter in the south, and faced the extreme cold weather of more than 30 degrees below zero in the dense forests around Changjin Lake. Just imagine that scene, this group of former army generals who had been dignified and well-behaved is a bit unbearable.
When they saw that volunteer soldiers were always bombed by U.S. bombers because of the logistics and transportation of materials, many front-line troops could only eat one meal a day, and there was only one potato. They fell silent.
Picture: Volunteer soldiers eating potatoes
When they saw the battle of Changjin Lake, when the entire company soldiers were silently frozen into ice sculptures, these war criminals could not bear it anymore, including With tears in my eyes, I found the managers of Gongdelin. applied to go to the front line of the Korean War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. also contributed to the defense of the country.
However, they are still undergoing labor reform, so of course they cannot leave Gongdelin casually. Since the front-line positions could not be reached, the war criminals began to contribute to the logistics reserves of the volunteers.
At that time, in order to meet the demand of hundreds of thousands of volunteers for at least 14 million catties of fried noodles every month, campaigns were launched to support the volunteers' fried noodles.
Picture: Stir-fried noodles movement
When the movement hit Gongdelin Prison,The managers here found that the vast majority of prisoners of war maintained a high degree of enthusiasm for this. Even Du Yuming , who was seriously ill, couldn't sit still, and got up and sweated every day to stir fried noodles for the volunteers.
After the victory of the Korean War
, more and more victories came back from the front lines of the Korean War. When the war criminals who participated in the fried noodles received the news again, was not only happy, but also a little more involved. Pride.
By 1953, the United States had to sign an armistice agreement, and the volunteers returned in triumph. Many of the war criminals of the national army had completely changed their minds and actively participated in the labor reform.
waited until they were successfully reformed and received amnesties in batches. Many of these national army war criminals became members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference , doing their best for the country and the people in their posts.
Picture: The last batch of Chinese war criminals who received amnesty
As a nation-building battle to resist US aggression and aid Korea, it not only shocked the world externally, but also inspired the masses of Chinese people inside.
At the same time, this battle once again proved that in the face of foreign enemies, the Chinese compatriots can always twist into a rope and share the same hatred.
Tribute to all the great martyrs who participated in this battle!
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