Recently, Russian President Putin held a Russian Federation security meeting, announcing the implementation of wartime states in four places: Donetsk , Lugansk , Khlsson , and Zaporoze . At the same time, he ordered 8 regions including Crimea to carry out "economic mobilization" and implement entry and exit restrictions, implement "medium emergency response" in many states on the Russian border, and also increased the combat readiness of Central Federal District and Southern Federal District .
It is obvious that from the previous announcement of the Russian Federation for "partial mobilization" to the moment when it is now directly announced that sensitive areas have entered a wartime state. These operations seem to indicate the escalation of the war. The original "special military operation" method has no longer achieved the goal of the Russian bear.
. Regarding this mobilization, the most reported in the news is to organize the evacuation of a large number of people and assemble a large number of armed forces around the war zone.
For example, the large number of residents evacuated by Kherson are likely to be related to the Dnieper River dam in the upper reaches.
Because, once the dam collapses, the floodplain of will not only lead to a tragic humanitarian disaster, but also delay the movement of the opponent's mobile forces.
Khersson residents are queuing up to evacuate to the safe area on the left bank of the Dnieper River
In fact, in addition to these visible actions, the "wartime state" also includes multiple dimensions.
First of all, entering the "wartime state" means that the civil affairs institutions in relevant areas may be replaced by military institutions.
will also conduct military mobilization for men and women of appropriate age while withdrawing a large number of civilians.
In addition, it is life control, economic mobilization and resource control.
Common life controls include: curfews, traffic control, communication control, and even power supply and light control. These measures are designed to prevent infiltration and sabotage activities by hostile forces in the rear, as well as to deal with possible night city combat or night marches, etc.
In August 2022, Ukrainian military and police arrested two men who violated the curfew
and then directly pulled them to "receive the army"
At this time, public places such as hospitals, stations, schools will be requisitioned by the army. If necessary, the army can demolish the private houses as firepower points. However, under normal circumstances, after military control is carried out, civilians who suffer losses will take notes issued by the army to organize and ask for compensation. Otherwise, once public anger arises, a fire in the backyard will be quite fatal. The economic mobilization initiated at the same time will involve the overall planning of the trade industry and human resources, adjust the national economy proportion according to the needs of the war, and re-arrange the quota of military supplies and civilian use; and reorganize the industrial structure and product structure, implement industrial conversion, expand military production; expand national material reserves , etc.
In terms of resource control, for ordinary people, once the situation enters a more critical stage, the most personal experience is the " basic daily necessities rationing system" - those things you once used to may not be able to buy as long as you want.
During World War II, the United States, which was rich and powerful, also issued various materials "notes"
American children handed in one hand and took goods in the other
Very typical is that during World War II, the United States had carried out large-scale control and recycling of stockings in its territory.
For a time, in the United States, women not only had money but also found it difficult to buy stockings, but even the stockings they wore were mobilized to take them out and handed over to the country.
During that period, stockings recycling points were set up in the streets and alleys of the United States, and women were encouraged to voluntarily throw their nylon stockings into it.
These second-hand nylon stockings are very critical war resources. Most of them are re-furnished and made into military parachutes.
And those women who could not wear stockings were very optimistic about "drawing stockings" on each other's legs - because there was no seamless craft at that time, and there was a line behind the stockings.
OK, let’s go back to the topic and continue to talk about the third characteristic of wartime state - population management.
In addition to the operations mentioned above, those who collude with the enemy, deserter, incite civil unrest, and hoard people will be directly detained to Military Court and punished with a serious crime.
, and some suspicious persons will be physically controlled or even detained and censored.
Take the four regions this time as an example. Those who have had frequent interactions with Kiev or other sensitive areas or departments recently, even in the name of daily visits to relatives and trade, may still be defined as "potential collaborators."
In addition to the above changes, once some areas enter the wartime state, as local residents, you will also find that the civil defense fortifications that have been closed for a long time have been restarted again. At the same time, the subway, as well as some enterprises and institutions, underground bunkers with "three defense projects" nature, have begun to become busy, with a large number of military personnel and facilities coming in and out.
In the early days of the war between Russia and Ukraine, Kiev citizens hiding at subway stations
Moreover, you will receive some educational materials related to air defense and chemical defense. The community and units will also carry out emergency training on relevant common sense.
At the same time, public transportation schedules such as long-distance buses, railways and civil aviation will be greatly adjusted, and the flights can be suspended, closed, roads or restricted at any time without any conditions.
In short, once it is declared to enter a "wartime state", the daily life, personal actions, and market trade of the people will be strictly restricted. Simply put, everything will concessions for military actions and serve war.
However, most of the wars in modern society are mostly "get on the bus first and then make up for the ticket", and often "war without declaration".
This leads to many times, it is difficult for some countries and regions to switch from peaceful and free life to a regulated state of war in an instant. The people's psychology and government organizations were not very adaptable at the beginning.
On the contrary, the Donbas area has been in a de facto "wartime state" for a long time since 2014. Many local residents seem to have become accustomed to such a tense situation and are no longer surprised.
However, the militias of Donetsk and Lugantsk patrolled the streets during the curfew, but now it may be replaced by the Gruu of the Russian Federation Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Donbass militia wearing a Soviet cloak and carrying a Mosinnagan rifle
Finally, it is necessary to talk about the "wartime state" in our Chinese context.
In the first half of the epidemic, many media have scrambled to report that xx province, xx city and even xx county have entered a "wartime state".
Of course, the above-mentioned local units want to borrow this military word to show their determination to do a good job in epidemic prevention and control.
But it must be emphasized that the threshold for the military term "wartime state" is very high. Ordinary local government agencies do not have the qualifications to declare their jurisdiction to enter the "wartime state".
《《National Defense Law of the People's Republic of China》 Article 12 stipulates:
》"The National People's Congress determines the issue of war and peace in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, and exercises other powers in national defense stipulated in the Constitution. The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress decides the announcement of the state of war in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, decides the national general or local mobilization, and exercises other powers in national defense stipulated in the Constitution."
In other words, the "wartime state" of our China is a central decision-making behavior related to national defense. Only the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is qualified to declare "enter the wartime state" in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Constitution.
For public health incidents like the epidemic, a local government often declares it to enter a "wartime state". In addition to disrespect the constitution, it will also mislead the public, create a tense atmosphere and at a loss in behavior, and it is more likely to have the "wolf is coming" effect.
Fortunately, the chaos in this regard was quickly corrected. At present, we will see that high-level control and mobilization related to public health incidents have been replaced by the two words "emergency state" and "emergency response".
