According to CCTV, Xinhua News Agency, a spokesperson for the ruling National League for Democracy confirmed that in the early morning of February 1 local time, the chairman of the Democratic League, Myanmar State Counselor and Foreign Minister Aung San Suu Kyi , and Myanmar President Wen Min and other senior leaders of the Democratic League were taken away and detained by the Myanmar military.
Myanmar held a general election in November last year, and the Democratic League won with an absolute advantage. The Myanmar military recently questioned the issues on the list of voters in the general election, saying that it is not ruled out to take over the regime.
The Myanmar military then issued a notice announcing the revocation of the regime. The Presidential Palace then issued an order declaring a state of emergency for a year. The order was signed by Vice President Wu Minrui.
We find Sanlian's 2015 article and take a look at Aung San Suu Kyi's four-fold life before the election.
( Aung San Suu Kyi)
"On the last night of March 1988, in Oxford, as we used to, had a quiet night. The sons were all in bed, and we were reading the book. Su suddenly rang. Su picked up the microphone and learned that her mother had a serious stroke. She put down the phone and started packing her luggage. I had a premonition: our lives will change from now on."
Aung San Suu Kyi's husband Mike Aris recalled many years later. Aung San Suu Kyi flew from Oxford, England to visit her mother from Myanmar, Yangon, and she didn't know that for most of the next 20 years, she would be under house arrest in her hometown on the banks of Inle Lake, Yangon.
wife
Before receiving the news that my mother had a stroke at the end of March 1988, Aung San Suu Kyi had lived a peaceful life after marriage for 15 years. She lives in Oxford, the wife of Tibetan scholar Mike Aris, and the mother of two sons. She rides her bicycle to the supermarket to buy things, cook and wash clothes for her family every day. Although she lives a housewife's life very low-key in England, fate is also waiting to awaken her another identity. "Aung San Suu Kyi never forgot who she is and who her father is." said her husband Aris.
During World War II, his father Aung San and others in the legendary "Thirty Patriarchs" group received Japanese military training, and then entered Myanmar with the invading Japanese army. At that time, Japan promised to drive away the British and gave Myanmar independent status. When he discovered that the promise was fake, he sneaked into the ground, secretly founded the Burmese Independence Army, and led the army to fight against the Japanese invading army. He turned to assist the Allied British troops that once again attacked Myanmar, and negotiated Myanmar's final independence with British Labour Prime Minister Clement Attlee after World War II. Just a few months before the transfer of power, his entire Provisional Government Cabinet was shot dead in a group on July 19, 1947, and Aung San himself was not spared, at the age of 32. Later it was discovered that the mastermind was Aung San's political opponent, the murderer was punished, and General Aung San was respected as the "father of independence" in Myanmar.
(Aung San Suu Kyi, her husband Mike Aris, and her eldest son Alexander (photo taken in 1973))
Born on June 19, 1945, Aung San Suu Kyi has almost no memory of her father. However, everything she learned about him later made her desire to know her father even more. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Aung San Suu Kyi struggled hard to understand her destiny.
At this time, after she graduated from Oxford Holy Academy, the college did not agree to her to apply for another liberal arts diploma because her grades were not ideal. She was a little down and went back to her guardian Gore Booth and his wife to live in their home in London's Chelsea area, working as a part-time tutor and working as an assistant for Burmese scholars. She was hired to start writing children's books "Go to Myanmar Together", "Go to Nepal Together", and constantly collecting books and papers about her father, and also wrote a book about her father, Aung San, published by the University of Queensland.
(Myanmar's "father of independence" General Aung San)
At the same time, Aung San Suu Kyi also silently cut off his ties with the then Myanmar military government.In 1967, the leader of the Myanmar military government, Naiwen, summoned two children of Aung San Suu Kyi and Aung San Wu, who were also in the UK, to visit his home while on vacation at Wimbledon's own residence. Aung San Suu Kyi refused on the grounds of preparing for the final exam.
Just when Aung San Suu Kyi didn't know how to deal with her relationship with her motherland, she met Mike Aris, who studied Tibetan history through her guardian son Christopher. Before coming to study in the UK, 15-year-old Aung San Suu Kyi went to India with her mother Du Qingzhi, who served as Indian ambassador, in 1960, where she went to high school. Du Qingzhi became the first female ambassador in Myanmar history. Aung San Suu Kyi received an orthodox upper-class Indian ladies education, tailoring, embroidery, flower arrangement, piano and riding.
So when Aris met Aung San Suu Kyi in the UK, she was a petite, white-skinned, long-haired bangs and elegant girl, wearing traditional Burmese clothing sarong, but speaking in English with an Indian upper-class accent. She was completely different from the British young man who wore a wide-collar shirt, bell-bottom trousers, short skirts, boots and listened to the Beatles, with a serious expression, vaguely showing her not simple family background.
(Myanmar military government leader Naiwin)
Aung San Suu Kyi and Aris had a few relationships in the first three years. After separation from London, Aris returned to the capital of Bhutan Bhutan Thimphu continued to serve as a royal private tutor and studied the early history of Bhutan on the spot. Aung San Suu Kyi studied for a postgraduate degree in the Institute of International Affairs of New York University through her Burmese friend Ma Than E, but gave up halfway. Then he found a job at the United Nations Secretariat Service in New York with his fellow villager and UN Secretary-General Wu Dan.
In the summer of 1970, Aris went to New York on his way back to the UK from Bhutan and got engaged to Aung San Suu Kyi. The following spring, Aung San Suu Kyi also went to Bhutan to visit Aris. At the end of the third year of working at the UN Secretariat, Aung San Suu Kyi made a decision that no matter how good the development prospects here are, taking care of their husbands and children is the better choice.
(On April 1, 2012, Suu Kyi's supporters were waiting for the results of the Myanmar parliamentary election outside the office of the Democratic League)
Aris became the focus of Aung San Suu Kyi's life. In the 8 months before returning to the UK to get married, she wrote a letter to Aaris in less than two days, with a total of 187 letters. But in the letter, she was also worried that her family and compatriots would misunderstand their marriage and believed that her dedication to the motherland would be reduced.
She kept reminding Aris that one day she would return to Myanmar and that she would need his support. "I only ask for one thing, if my fellow countrymen need me, you are willing to help me with the responsibilities they have given me. I don't know if it will happen, but the possibility is always there," Aung San Suu Kyi wrote in the letter.
"I once imagined that if that day had to come, it would be the late stage of our lives, when the children had grown up." Aris was not right. Unexpectedly, after more than ten years of life in the family, Aung San Suu Kyi was inevitably involved in the political whirlpool of the motherland under the call of her mother's serious illness.
(On August 1, 1988, Myanmar government soldiers patrolled the streets of Yangon with full arms)
Daughter
Destiny made Aung San Suu Kyi return to Myanmar as her daughter to take care of her seriously ill mother, and also made her as her daughter begin to continue her father's mission. In 1941, the patient Aung San met his future wife, Nurse Du Qingzhi, at Yangon General Hospital. 47 years later, Du Qingzhi became a patient due to a stroke and was taken care of by Aung San Suu Kyi. Here she witnessed the military government's suppression of the protesters in 1988.
(On April 1, 2012, Aung San Suu Kyi went to the polling station in Gaomu District, Myanmar to observe the pre-election situation, and was kissed by a supporter)
At this time, Myanmar was in chaos, and the richest countries in Southeast Asia became one of the poorest countries in the world. The military government implements a dictatorial and high-pressure terrorism rule, nationalizes everything, and distributes privileges from the upper class, and distributes poverty from the lower class. At that time, residents did not believe in the bank and exchanged cash for large denominations and kept it at home.In order to curb inflation, the military government suddenly announced the cessation of the circulation of large-denomination banknotes. This undoubtedly made the life of poverty at the bottom, and people took to the streets to protest, and the military government's suppression caused thousands of casualties. Aung San Suu Kyi, who was caring for her mother in the hospital, witnessed this bloody reality with her own eyes.
Due to repeated bloody conflicts between the military and civilians, General Naiwin, the leader of the military government, held an interim conference of the Myanmar Socialist Programme Party on July 23, 1988, and delivered a speech saying that he would resign from his position as president. He proposed to implement a multi-party system, hold a general election, and elect new members of parliament. "I still remember that Su Yi and I watched the conference scenes broadcast on TV. She was as excited as everyone else in Myanmar." Aris later said, "I think it was at that time that Su made up his mind to stand up."
protesters were very eager for someone to unite all the protesters. Initially, posters of Aung San's eldest son Aung San Wu could be seen everywhere on the streets of Yangon in July. The second son Aung San Lin unfortunately drowned in the pond when he was 9 years old. Aung San Wu became the only living son of the Aung San family, but he had no intention of this. When Aung San Wu was a child, he went to the Imperial College London to study electrical engineering very early, and then soon worked in San Diego, the United States and married a Burmese woman, giving up Burmese nationality to obtain American nationality. After Naiwen stepped down, the chaos did not end, and the bloody conflict between the army and the people did not end. Aung San Suu Kyi took her mother, who was discharged from the hospital, back to her home on the banks of Inya Lake, which was facing the large villa in Naiwen opposite the lake. With a new round of public protests, all kinds of people rushed to knock on her door, and Aung San Suu Kyi's home quickly became the center of national political activities. "Even if you think politics has nothing to do with yourself, politics will come to you on your own initiative and you can't escape it." She once said.
On August 8, 1988, a dispute arose in the tea room caused a strike by Yangon dock workers, which led to thousands of people marching in front of the city hall to oppose the martial law. Near noon, the army suddenly took action to expel the protesters, and the government said more than 100 people were killed... unrest spread. Aung San Suu Kyi did not participate in the demonstration, which also caused dissatisfaction among many student leaders. At this time, Nyo Ohn Myint, a history teacher at Yangon University, found Aung San Suu Kyi and asked her to become the leader of the protests. Aung San Suu Kyi insisted on refusing at first, saying that she was only willing to be a mediator between the government and protesting students, but she then let go and explained that she did not want to be a speculator and did not want to take over the movement that was already underway. If the people really needed Aung San's daughter, "I will do it." Aung San Suu Kyi set her own restaurant as a temporary office, which later became the main office of her own party.
During this period, Aung San Suu Kyi was still in the arms of her family. She took care of her seriously ill mother, urged her son to do her homework, and also squeezed out some time to write her Burmese literature research paper. And when she delivered a speech to nearly one million people at the square outside the west gate of the Grand Kinta Tower in the Shed Palace in Yangon on August 26, 1988, Aris stood behind her with her two sons. "The crisis in front of us is concerned by the whole country. As my father's daughter, I cannot stay out of it."
soon, the independent party National Alliance for Democracy was born at the end of September, and Aung San Suu Kyi served as secretary-general. Just as Aung San Suu Kyi was about to devote herself to the new party, her mother passed away at the end of December. But now it’s not just her, even Aris and his two children know that Aung San Suu Kyi has already had new responsibilities. Compared with his wife and mother, Aung San Suu Kyi needs to continue to be the daughter of a national hero in Burma.
0 July 19, 1989, on the Martyrs' Day, Aung San Suu Kyi temporarily canceled the parade plan, but many people still went to the Martyrs' Temple to march, and the army arrested the crowd under martial law order. Although there was no bloodshed, the next night, more than 40 people from Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy advisory group were sent to Yongsheng Prison, and she herself was under house arrest for Chapter 10 of the Criminal Code "Crime of End of National Security".
Political prisoner
"The worst in the previous few years, they threw me into the abyss."Aung San Suu Kyi recalled her early life in house arrest to BBC reporters after being released in 2010. Her accomplices, friends, children, and husbands were forced to leave her, without visitors, and no phone calls. On Christmas 1989, the Myanmar government allowed Aris to go back to Yangon to visit Aung San Suu Kyi. At this time, she had developed a regular life. She got up at 4:30 every day and started with meditation within an hour. Aris later recalled: "Those days were the happiest memories of my marriage life. Life was so peaceful. Aung San Suu Kyi had developed a regular routine of exercise, reading, and playing the piano. I took out the same Christmas gift I brought every day, which lasted for several days. I don't doubt this is our last time together. "After the holiday, Aris left, he could no longer apply for a new visa, and his two sons' Burmese nationality was also revoked. "The Myanmar government intends to separate her from her child and defeat her will, hoping that she will accept permanent exile. "But Aung San Suu Kyi knew very well that as long as she left Myanmar, she would never come back, and her party and the detained party members were likely to suffer more tragic misfortune, so she decided to stay in Myanmar and live alone. During the house arrest, there were countless soldiers outside her mansion, and there were 15 soldiers guarding her. The people accompanying her were no one except the housekeeper, the housekeeper's daughter and the maid.
Aung San Suu Kyi has always been reluctant to talk more about the personal and emotional costs of her choice, and the negative impact of these choices on the children is rarely mentioned. "The sacrifice of giving up her sons is a great regret as a mother. "She said. Because she had no money, she asked the guards to move the furniture out and sell it in exchange for food. She later said in an interview: "I sometimes don't have money to eat, and my hair lost due to malnutrition, and my weight later dropped to 41 kilograms. I was worried about dying from heart failure rather than starvation, and my eyes went wrong and my spine degenerated. "
When she received an honorary degree from Natal University a few years later, her thank-you speech mainly wrote about the early stage of house arrest: "We must go through the path of suffering life, and try to find strength from hardships and gain wisdom from hardships. "Buddhism has helped her a lot. Aris once gave her a book by Master Bandida on Christmas, "Just in This Life", and she gained from daily meditation. "We must have compassionate and comprehensive democracy, and care and sympathy should be part of politics. "She wrote in an article recalling the 1989 visit to Master Bandida in 1989, "Bandida said people not only should tell the truth, but also should be harmonious, generous and beneficial to everyone. ”
On May 27, 1990, Myanmar held its first universal suffrage in 30 years. The military government had previously issued new regulations, and the family members of the Myanmar were foreigners who had no right to run for election, and Aung San Suu Kyi was excluded. Although all the senior leaders of the Democratic League were imprisoned, the party still won the general election with an overwhelming advantage, winning 392 of the 485 seats in the parliament. However, Aung San Suu Kyi was still imprisoned and the military was still in power. As all parties were constantly questioning the transfer of power, the Reconstruction Committee under the military government stated in July that the old constitution in 1974 had been abolished in September 1988, and there was no new constitution yet. Another 100 of the 485 members elected were required to form a constitutional congress with 600 officers serving as government advisers, and a new government could be formed only if the constitution was completed. Until then, the Reconstruction Committee was still in power, and the winning candidates of parliament were asked to sign the "Declaration No. 190" and give up the right to form a government.
1991 Aung San Suu Kyi won the Nobel Peace Prize, and the 18-year-old eldest son Alexander delivered a speech on behalf of his mother at the award ceremony. After his release in 1995, Aung San Suu Kyi also mentioned South Africa in front of the media: "Why can't we not cooperate for the welfare of the people? ”
At this time, the Newin era has ended in Myanmar. Now the three giants of the military government are in line, namely Chinnook, Danrui and Maumai. Military Intelligence Director Chinook abandons Naiwin's economic policies, agrees to foreign countries to exploit oil and gas, sign a ceasefire agreement with most ethnic minorities on the border, open up the tourism market, and gradually promote internationalization.But Aung San Suu Kyi, who was regained his free identity at this time, called on Western countries to continue to sanction Myanmar and asked foreign tourists not to travel to Myanmar, because most of the money spent by tourists was in the pockets of the military government. Promoting the tourism industry is a support for the military government's dictatorship. "Myanmar has only one privileged group making money."
also caused many of her followers to leave her because of this claim, and her early personal secretary Madanji even turned against her. As a result, as the largest country in Southeast Asia, Myanmar attracts 200,000 tourists each year, while neighboring Thailand has 14 million, with Myanmar's tourism revenue being only 1% of Thailand's. It was not until June 2011 that the Democratic League changed its policies on the tourism industry. "It may be a good thing to let individual tourists come in and see Myanmar and understand the real situation in this country," said Aung San Suu Kyi.
But then another test was placed in front of Aung San Suu Kyi. In January 1999, Aung San Suu Kyi learned that her husband Aris was diagnosed with prostate cancer in the UK. Even with Prince Charlie's request, the Myanmar military government did not issue Aris visa, so that the couple could meet for the last time. At the last moment, the official Myanmar newspaper only stated that Aung San Suu Kyi could go back to the UK to visit her husband at any time, and emphasized that staying by her dying husband is the responsibility of a wife to abide by the wife's wife. The couple knew the situation well and she would never come back after leaving Myanmar. Aris also told Aung San Suu Kyi at the last moment, "don't come." On the day her husband passed away, Aung San Suu Kyi said lightly: "I am very lucky to have a good husband who has always understood what I need, and nothing can take away this happiness."
"In my study of Aung San's personal biography, I have also asked the question: Aung San stays away from her husband and children, and still chooses to stay in Myanmar after her husband dies of illness instead of rushing back to the UK to visit him as soon as possible. It will inevitably make people suspect that for Aung San, power, political struggle and credibility are far greater than her family." Barbara Victor, an American scholar who once wrote "Aung San Suu Kyi: Nobel Prize winner and Yangon Prisoner", Victor also raised such questions about this magazine, "But later you will find that this is a huge sacrifice she made for the happiness and democratic process of all Burmese people."
politician
"I am a politician." Aung San Suu Kyi told the British Guardian after finally ending house arrest. Aung San Suu Kyi's statement in 2012 said: "As the leader of a political party, you must have the ambition to lead your country, because it means that your party must win, and every party has such a desire." In Marx Weber's theory, the moral ethics of intellectuals will eventually be integrated with the ethics of responsibility of politicians. After being lifted from house arrest, Aung San Suu Kyi actively participated in Myanmar politics and made rational decisions based on reality in all aspects, and no longer deliberately added tragic color to herself.
In 2010, the 77-year-old General Dan Sweet organized a parliamentary election. The Federation Consolidation and Development Association, once formed by the military, transformed into the Federal Consolidation and Development Party, and received the most votes. Thein Sein was helped to the throne of successors and released Aung San Suu Kyi a week after the election. In the Parliamentary by-election vote held on April 1, 2012, Aung San Suu Kyi was successfully elected as a member of the Myanmar Parliament, and then announced her election for the 2015 general election at the end of 2013. According to the Myanmar Constitution adopted in 2008, people with foreign family members cannot serve as president or vice president. Aung San Suu Kyi's husband is a British citizen and her two sons are also foreign nationals. At present, the Democratic League is still striving to amend the constitution to pave the way for Aung San Suu Kyi to run for president.
0 The 2015 general election is approaching, and Aung San Suu Kyi's visit to China at this time "is undoubtedly putting more pressure on the military government from the international community to win her election qualification for the 2015 general election." American scholar Barbara Victor made such an analysis of this journal.
(Intern Hu Yuwei also contributed to this article)
(text/Zhang Xingyun Pu Shi)
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