Unit 6 I'm going to study computer science.
[Key phrase]
1. grow up Grow up
2. every day
3. be sure about
4. make sure
5. send…to…send…send…to…send…to…send……
6. be able to
7. the meaning of……meaning/meaning
8. different kinds of Different kinds of
9. have …..in common
10. at the beginning of
11. write down Write down/note
12. have to do with …..
13. take up Start working/starting processing/accepting
14. hardly ever …. too…to… too…..
[key sentence pattern]
1. What do you want to be/ becomes when you grow up?
What do you want to be when you grow up?
2. I want to be a/an computer programmer/ bus driver/ basketball player/ engineer/ cook/ teacher/ pilot/ scientist/ doctor/ violinist/ piano/ actor/ actress/ singer/ race car driver/ reporter
3. My parents want me to be a doctor, but I’m not sure about that.
.
4. How are you going to do that?
What are you going to do?
5. I’m going to practice basketball every day.
I plan to practice basketball every day.
6. Where/ When are you going to study?
Where are you going/When are you going to study?
7. I know why you’re so good at writing stories.
I know why you’re so good at writing stories.
8. I’m going to keep on writing stories.
I plan to keep writing stories.
9. Not everyone knows what they want to be.
Not everyone knows what they want to be?
10. Just make sure you try your best.
As long as you are sure you have tried your best.
11. Then you can be anything you want.
Then you can be what you want.
12. For this reason, some people say the best resolution is to have no resolutions!
For this reason, the best resolution is not.
13. My New Year’s resolution is to get good grades.
My New Year’s resolution is to achieve good grades.
【Key Word】
doctor ['dɒktə(r)] n. Doctor
engineer [endʒɪ'nɪr] n. Engineer
violinist [ˌvaɪə'lɪnɪst] n. Violinist
pilot ['paɪlət] n. Pilot
pianist ['pɪənɪst] n. Pianist
scientist ['saɪəntɪst] n. Scientist
college ['kɑːlɪdʒ] n. University
education [ˌedʒu'keɪʃn] n.Education
medicine ['medsn] n.Pharmaceutical, Medicine
university [ˌjuːnɪ'vɜːrsəti] n.University, higher education
article ['ɑːrtɪkl] n.Article, paper
send [send] n.Mail, send
grow up Grow up Grow up Grow up Computer administrator
be sure about Confirm
make sure ensure
resolution [ˌrezə'luːʃn] n. Determined, decide
foreign ['fɔːrən] adj. Foreign
able [ˈebəl] adj. Can
discuss [dɪˈskʌs] v. Discuss, discuss
promise [ˈprɑmɪs] v./n. Commit, promise
beginning [bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ] n. Beginning, start
improve [ɪmˈpruv] v. Improve, improve
physical ['fɪzɪkl] adj. Physical, physical
selfprovement [selfɪmp'ruːvmənt] n. Self-improvement, self-improvement
hobby ['hɑːbi] n. Hobby
own [oʊn] a. My own, my own, own
personal ['pɜːrsənl] adj. Personal, private
relationship [rɪ'leɪʃnʃɪp] n. Relationship
[Analysis of key words/phrases usage]
1. want to be/become + (profession) noun: "want to be..."
I want to be(be)a scientist when I grow up.
2. write stories Write stories
tell stories tell stories
3. keep on doing sth. Keep doing something (repeat of action)
keeping doing sth. Keep doing something (continued of action or state)
4. be sure about +name/generation/V-ing "affirm"
Are you sure about that?
make sure (that)+ clause "…………………………”
Make sure that both doors are closed when you go out.
5. learnsth. We must learn English every day.
learnto do sth. I am going to learn to play( play) the piano.
6.discuss v. Discussion; discussion The noun is discussion
discuss with sb. Discuss with someone:
Discuss this question with your partner.
Let’s discussion this problem. Let’s discuss this problem.
All we need now is action, not discussion.
7. be able to do sth. Be able to do something
(1) can : can+the verb prototype, nobody's name and number change. It can only be used for , general present time, and general past time, and cannot be used for future time.
be able to + verb prototype, some people call the changes of sum numbers, can be used in various tenses.
(2) can often refer to objectively being able; be able to focus more on being able to accomplish something through hard work and overcoming certain difficulties.
He will be able to (can) speak English next year. (can't fill in here)
8. promise n. promise; promise v. promise; promise; promise; promise
make a promise(to sb) (to someone) make a promise
keep a promise
break a promise breaks promise
promise (sb) to do sth. promise someone to do something
promise (sb) + that clause
He promised to help me. He promised to help me.
I promised thatI study hard from now on.
9. have to do with about; related to...
The book has to do with computers.
10.take up sth./doing sth. (especially for entertainment) learn to do it; start doing
I am going to take up cooking next year. I will learn to cook next year.
11.Sometimes the resolutions may be betoodifficult tokeep.
too+adjective/adverb to+verb prototype, which means "too...and not..." For example:
The kid is too young to play this game. This child is too young to play this game.
12. one’s own + noun “Someone’s own thing”, emphasizing that something is owned by individual
my own book My own book
[Key syntax]
Generally, in the future, "am/is/are going to +verb prototype" structure
1. Basic form
negative form: am/is/are not going to +verb prototype
General question form: am/is/are+subject+going to +verb prototype + others?
Special question form: special question word + general question form?
He is going to spend his holidays in London.
Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. Look at the dark clouds, it's almost raining.
Is he going to collect any data for us? Will he help us collect data?
What are you going to do tomorrow? What are you going to do tomorrow?
2. Basic usage
(1) means that you have considered, arranged plans, and planned to do something in advance.
Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.
This afternoon my dad and I plan to go to the opera.
(2) means that based on some current sign, something is very likely to happen, indicating speculation.
Look! There comes the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
Voice! Dark clouds are dense. It's going to rain.
Unit 7 Will people have robots?
【Key phrase】
1. on computers
2. on paper
3. live to be 200 years old
4. free time
5. in danger
6. on the earth
7. play a part in sth contribute/contribute in a certain aspect
8. space station
8. look for looking for
9. computer programmer
10. in the future
11. hundreds of hundreds of
12. the same…as
13. over and over again
14. get bored boring
15. wake up waking/wake
16. look like
17. fall down 未分/fall
[key sentence pattern]
1. Are you kidding?
Are you kidding?
2. Will people have robots?
Will people have robots?
3. Everything will be free.
Everything will be free.
Everything will be free.
4. Books will only be on computers, not on paper.
Books will only be on computers, not on paper.
5. They’ll study at home on computers.
They’ll study at home on computers.
6. There will be only one country in the world.
There will be only one country in the world.
7. There will be less pollution.
will be less pollution.
8. What will the future be like?
What will be like in the future?
9. We never know what will happen in the future.
We never know what will happen in the future.
We never know what will happen in the future.
10. And my apartment will be no good for pets.
My apartment will be no good for pets.
My apartment will not be suitable for pets.
11. I think so. I think so.
I don’t think so. This thinks it is not.
12. I hope so.
I hope not.
13. In 50 years, people will have more free time because there will be less things to do.
50 years later, people will have more free time because there will be less things to do.
50 years later, people will have more free time because there will be less things to do.
50 years later, people will have more free time because there will be less things to do.
50 years later, people will have more free time because there will be less things to do.
50 years later, people will have more free time because there will be less things to do.
50 years later, people will have more free time because there will be less things to do.
50 years later, people will have more free time because there will be less things to do.
50 years later, people will have more free time because there will be less things to do.
50 years later, people will have more free time because there will be less things to do.
13. In 50 years, people will have more free time because there will be less things to do.
13. In 50 years, people will have more free time because there will be less things to do.
13. In 50 years, people will have more free time because there will be less things to do.
13. In 50 years, people will have more free time because there will be less things to do.
13. In 50 years, people will have more free time because there will be less things to do.
13. In 50 years, people will have more free time because there will be less things to do.
13. In 50 years, people will have more free time because there will be less things to do.
13. In 50 years, people will have more free time because there will be less things to do.
13. In 50 years, people will have more free time because there will be less things to do.
13. In 50 years, people
14. In 20 years, I think I’ll be a newspaper reporter.
20 After that, I think I will become a newspaper reporter.
15. However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make them really think like a human.
However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make them really think like a human.
However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make them really think like a human.
However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make them really think like a human.
However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make them really think like a human.
However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make them really think like a human.
However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make them really think like a human.
However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make them really think like a human.
However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make them really think like a human.
However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make them really think like a human.
15. However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make them really think like a human.
15. However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make them really think like a human.
15. However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make them really think like a human.
15. However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make them really think like a human.
15. However, some scientists believe that although we can make robot
16. For example, scientist James White thinks that robots will never be able to wake up and know where they are.
For example, scientist James White believes that robots will never be able to wake up and know where they are.
For example, scientist James White believes that robots will never be able to wake up and know where they are.
For example, scientist James White believes that robots will never be able to wake up and know where they are.
For example, scientist James White believes that robots will never be able to wake up and know where they are.
For example, scientist James White believes that robots will never be able to wake up and know where they are.
For example, scientist James White believes that robots will never be able to wake up and know where they are.
For example, scientist James White believes that robots will never be able to wake up and know where they are.
For example, scientist James White believes that robots will never be able to wake up and know where they are.
16. For example, scientist James White believes that robots will never be able to wake up and know where they are.
16. For example, scientist James White believes that robots will never be able to wake up and know where they are.
16. For example, scientist James White believes that robots will never be able to wake up and know where they are.
17. This was not possible 20 years ago, but computers and rockets also seemed impossible 100 years ago.
This was not possible 20 years ago, but computers and rockets also seemed impossible 100 years ago.
18. You should also remember that there will be both good and bad things in life.
You should also remember that there will be good and bad things in life.
[Key Word]
paper ['peɪpər] n.Paper
pollution [pɪ'luːʃn] n.Pollution; pollutant
prediction [prɪ'dɪkʃn] n.Predicted
future ['fjuːtʃər] n.Future
pollute [pə'luːt] v.Pollution
environment [ɪn'vaɪrənmənt] n.Environment
planet ['plænɪt] n.Planet
earth [ɜːrθ] n. Earth; soil
plant [plænt] v. Plant n. Plant
part [pɑːrt] v. Participate n. Participate
peace [piːs] n. Peace
sky [skaɪ] n. Sky
play a part participate
astronaut ['æstrənɔːt] n. Astronaut
apartment [ə'pɑːrtmənt] n. Apartment room
rocket ['rɑːkɪt] n. Rocket
space [speɪs] n. Space; space
even ['iːvn] adv. Even; more
human ['hjuːmən] adj. Human n. Human; human
servant ['sɜːrvənt] n.Servant
dangerous ['deɪndʒərəs] adj. Dangerous
already [ɔːl'redi] adv. Already
factory ['fæktri] n. Factory
believe [bɪ'liːv] v. Believe
disagree [ˌdɪsə'ɡriː] v. Disagree
shape [ʃeɪp] n.Shape
fall [fɑːl] v./n.Collapse; Fall
possible ['pɑːsəbl] adj.Possible
probably ['prɑːbəbli] adv.Probably; perhaps; very likely
holiday ['hɑːlədeɪ] n.Holiday
word [wɜːrd] n.Word
space station
[Analysis of key words/phrases usage]
1. many+countable nouns Many......
much +Incommunicated nouns many...
2. live to be+base word + years old "living to...years old"
3. be in great danger
4. play a part in +name/generation/V-ing. Participate in something/do something
Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.
5. help (sb.) with sth. Help (someone) do something
He often helps me with my English.
help sb. (to) do sth. Help (someone) do...
He often helps mestudyEnglish.
help oneself (to )
Help yourself to the fish. Please eat fish as you like
6. the same as…………Antonymphrase: be different from
7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth. Some time to do sth. Some time to do sth. spend time/money (in) doing sth. Spend time (money) to do something.
I spent two hours on this math problem.
They spent two years building this bridge.
8. hundreds of+ plural nouns Many/large...
numerals + hundreds + plural nouns hundreds...
Similar numerals include thousands (thousand), million (thousand)
There are four hundred students in our grade.
There are hundreds of tourists in Beijing every year.
9. During...
during the vacation/the daytime/the weekend
10. the meaning of...
Can you tell me the meaning of the words?
Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?
【Key phrase】
1. milk shake
2. turn on, turn off Close
3. pour ….into…. Pour……
4. a cup of yogurt
5. a good idea
6. on Saturday morning
7. cut up chop
8. put... into... put...
9. one more thing
10. a piece of one piece/one piece/one piece
11. at this time
12. a few
13. fill...with... fill with... fill
14. cover... with... cover
15. one by one
16. a long time
17. cut... into pieces Cut... into pieces
18. add...to(into)... Add...to...to...to...to... Add...to...to...to...to... to...to... to... half a cup
23. another ten minutes
24. peel the banana peel a banana
[Key sentence pattern]
1. Turn on the blender.
starts the mixer.
2. How do you make a banana milk shake?
How do you make banana milk shake?
3. How many bananas do we need?
How many bananas do we need?
4. How much yogurt do we need?
How much yogurt do we need?
5. Now, it’s time to enjoy the rice noodles!
, it’s time to taste the rice noodles.
6. First,… Then,… Next,… Finally,…
First…, then…, next…, and finally…
7. You can put more if you like.
If you like, you can put more.
8. This is going to taste great.
will taste great.
9. To make this special food, you need to have rice noodles.
10. When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.
When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.
When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and drizzle with seasoned gravy.
11. These days, most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family.
Nowadays, most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family.
.
[Key words]
blender ['blendər] n. Mixer; Juice maker
peel [piːl] vt. Peel; peeling
pour [pɔːr] v. Pour; pour
yogurt ['joʊɡərt] n. Yogurt
honey ['hʌni] n. Honey
watermelon ['wɔːtərmelən] n. Watermelon
spoon [spuːn] n. Spoon
add [æd] Add
finally ['faɪnəli] adv. Finally, the final
salt [sɔːlt] n.Salt
sugar ['ʃʊɡər] n.Sugar
cheese [tʃiːz] n.Ches, cheese
popcorn ['pɑːpkɔːrn] n.Popcorn
corn [kɔːrn] n.Corne, cereal
machine [mə'ʃiːn] n.Machine
sandwich ['sænwɪtʃ] n.Sandwich
butter ['bʌtər] n.Butter, butter
turkey ['tɜːrki] n. Turkey
lettuce ['letɪs] n. Lettuce, lettuce
piece [piːs] n. pieces; piece; slice; block;
traditional [trə'dɪʃənl] adj. Traditional
traveler ['trævlə] n. Traveler
England ['ɪŋɡlənd] n. England; UK
celebrate ['selɪbreɪt] v. Celebrate;
pepper ['pepər] n. Pepper; chili
oven ['ʌvn] n.Oven; oven
cover ['kʌvər] n.cover, cover
gravy ['ɡreɪvi] n.gravy; broth
serve [sɜːrv] n.Reception, service
temperature ['temprətʃər] n.Temperature, climate
[Analysis of key words/phrases usage]
1. cut means "cut, cut", and the past tense is cut.
cut up means "chopped"
Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up.
Cut it /them up.
2. turn on ON, turn on (current, gas, water, etc.)
turn off, cut off (current, gas, water, etc.)
turn up Turn on, turn up (volume, heat, etc.)
turn down Turn down, turn down (volume, heat, etc.)
3. one more thing
another ten minutes
number+ more + item refers to "other...
another + number + item refers to "other...
When the number is one, it is often used in conjunction with more or only another.
Give me two more hamburgers?
another two hamburgers
4.forget to do sth. Forgot (go) to do something
forget doing sth. Forgot to do something.
5. It’s a time (for sb). to do sth. It’s time for (someone) to do something
It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.=It’s time for (someone) to do something.
It’s a time for you to study English.
It’s time for us to go to school.(It’s time for school.)
6. give thanks for +name/generation V-ing “Thank you…”
We should give thanks for our parents.
He gave thanks for life and food.
7. Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by havinga big meal.
by +sth./doing :
1) I study English by listeningto English songs.
2) next to... I am sitting by the pool.
3) before... I have to go to school by 8:00.
4) take I go to school by bus.
8. Here is +list (object) "This is..." is a reverse sentence
Here is a photo of my family.
Here are +name
Here are some English books.
When the object is a pronoun, use it in line.For example: Here you are.(right) Here are you.(wrong)
9. fill sth. with sth. Use... to fill sth. (emphasis action)
be full of "full..." (emphasis status)
I filled the cup with the milk.
The cupis full of the milk.
10. put...in(into)... Put... in...
11. cover...with... Cover with...
12. cut …into Cut the apple into four pieces.
cut up… chop
13. serve v. service n. service
serve +name/generation “Provide..." The shop serves nice food.
serve sb. sth.= serve sth. to sb. Serve it to your friends with some vegetables.
serve sb. with sth. “Eat someone with something” Serve the guests with some tea.
Unit 9 Can you come to my party?
【Key phrase】
1. on Saturday afternoon
2. have to
3. prepare for
4. go to the doctor
5. have the flu
6. help my parents
7. come to the party
8. meet my friend
9. go to the party
10. too much homework
11. go to the movies
12. Another time Next time, another time, another time
13. last fall
14. hang out hang out
15. after school
16. on the weekend=on weekends
17. study for a test
18. visit grandparents
19. the day before yesterday
20. the day after tomorrow
21. have a piano lesson Take piano lessons
22. look after
23. make an invitation Make an invitation
24. accept an invitation Accept invitation
turn down (refuse) an invitation Reject invitation
25. take a trip to Wuhan
26. at the end of this month
27. look forward to + doing Expect/desire
28. the opening of… Opening/opening
29. reply in writing Write a reply
30. go shopping shopping
31. do homework doing homework
32. go to the concert
33. not…until… until……
[Key sentence pattern]
1. ——Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon? Can you attend my party on Saturday afternoon?
—Sure, I’d love to. / Sorry, I can’t. I have to prepare for an exam. Of course, I’m willing to go. /Sorry, I can't go. I have to prepare for the exam.
2. I’m not available. = I’m not free.
I’m not available.
3. I’m sad to see her go, and this party is the best way to say “Thank you and goodbye.”
I was sad to see her leave. This party is the best way to express gratitude and parting.
4. I already have a great idea about how to do that.
5. Let me know if you need my help.
Let me know if you need my help.
.
6. Drink lots of hot water and get lots of sleep.
Drink more water and sleep more.
7. What are you doing the day after tomorrow?
What do you want to do the day after tomorrow?
8. I’m really busy this week.
I was indeed very busy this week.
9. I’m afraid I can’t.= I’m afraid not.
probably can’t.
10. Sam isn’t leaving until next Wednesday.
Sam will not leave until next Thursday.
11. Who are you going to the movies with?
Who are you going to watch the movies with?
12. Are you free to come to my place on Saturday?
Do you have time to come to my place on Saturday?
13. Would you like to come to my birthday party?
Can you come to my birthday party?
14. As I’m sure you know by now…
As I’m sure you know by now…
15. Bring Ms. Steen to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised.
Please Ms. Steen come to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised.
Please Ms. Steen come to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised.
Please Ms. Steen come to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised.
Please Ms. Steen come to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised.
Please Ms. Steen come to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised.
Please Ms. Steen come to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised.
16. I look forward to hearing from you all.
I look forward to receiving your letter.
17. Our favorite teacher, Ms. Steen, is leaving soon to go back to the US.
Our favorite teacher, Ms. Steen, is leaving us and returning to the United States.
18. We’re very sad that she’s leaving.
She is leaving, we are very sad.
[key words]
prepare [prɪ'per] v. Prepare; prepare
exam [ɪɡ'zæm] n. Exam
available [ɪ'veɪləbl] a. Available; available
hang [hæŋ] v. Hang; (make) low hang
until [ən'tɪl] conj./prep. Until ... ; until ...
catch [kætʃ] v./n. catch; catch; catch
invite [ɪn'vaɪt] v. Invite
accept [ək'sept] v. Accept
refuse [rɪ'fjuːz] v. Reject
invitation [ˌɪnvɪ'teɪʃn] n. Invitation; Invitation letter
reply [rɪ'plaɪ] v./n. Reply, reply
forward ['fɔːrwərd] v. Forward; Send adj. Forward adv. Forward
delete [dɪ'liːt] v. Delete
preparation [ˌprepə'reɪʃn] n. Prepare, prepare
opening ['oʊpnɪŋ] n. Opening ceremony, inauguration ceremony
guest [ɡest] n. Guest
concert ['kɑːnsərt] n. Concert
headmaster [ˌhed'mæstər] n. Principal
event [ɪ'vent] n. Major events, public events
calendar ['kælɪndər] n. Calendar, schedule
[Analysis of key words/phrases usage]
1.one…another…indicates another
one…the other…indicates another
one…the other…indicates another
Idon't like this one, can youshow me another?
I have two brothers. One is a lawyer and the other is a manager.
some…others…represents “some…others…the others…the others…represents “some…the rest…”
Some go to school by bike and others go to school by bus.
Some go to school by bike and the others go to school by bus.
2.invite v.invitation
invite sb. to do sth. "Invite someone to do something"
invite sb. to+place noun
1) Mr. Green invited me to visit his factory last week.
2) Thanks a lot for your invitation
3) Thanks forinviting me to your party.
3. (1) What’s the date today? It’s + month + day.
(2) What day is it today? It’s + day of the week.
—What’s the date? —It’s September 10th.
—What day is it today?—It’s Wednesday.
4. have a lesson(class)
have an English lesson
5. prepare v. prepare n. preparation
prepare sth. "Prepare something", the thing prepared is the object behind it.
prepare for sth. "Prepare for..." refers to preparing for the object behind
prepare to do sth. "Prepare to do something"
6.bring...to... "Bring" brings something from another place to the speaker's place
take...to... "Bring" brings something else from the place where you speak.
(the two are in opposite directions)
Bring your homework here, and take the book away.
Take your homework here and take the book away.
7. without (preposition) no antonym: with "having"
We can’t live without water.
Jane is a beautiful girl with long hair.
8. so that + clause: for convenience; purpose is
I study hard so that I can get good grades.
9. surprise n. surprise
surprised adj. surprise (referring to people)
surprising adj. amazing (referring to things)
be surprised at sth. "Surprised at something"
to one’s surprise "What surprised someone is"
① I’m surprised at the surprise news.
② To my surprise, he left without leaving a word.
10. look forward to (preposition)+name/generation/V-ing
I look forward to your reply.
I look forward to seeing you again.
11. hear from sb. = get a letter from sb. Receive a letter from someone.
I heard from my friends yesterday.=I got a letter from my friend yesterday.
12. the best way to do sth. The best way to do sth is the best way to keep healthy.
13. how to do that. "How to do", question word + to do sth is often used as the object
I don’t know how to make a banana milk shake.
I don’t know what to do.
14. at the end of "At the end"
Now, it is at the end of 2014.
Antonymphrase: at the beginning of "At the beginning"
15. be glad/happy/sad to do sth. "I'm glad/sad to do something
I am glad to see you.
16. reply to sb./sth. "Reply..."
Reply in writing to the invitation "Reply to this invitation in the form of a letter"
[Key syntax]
1. Sentence pattern indicating invitation
1. Can/Could you…(come to my party)?
2. Would you like to..( Would you like to my party)?
Accepted: Sure/Yes/Of course, I’d love/like to.
Rejected:: ① I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to/must+V original (stated reason)
② I’d love/like to, but I … (reason)
3.I’m afraid not. I… (reason)
2. must and have to
1. Must means subjective "must"; must means "subjective requirement", no one says and changes in tense, negative answer: needn’t or don’t have to (not need). mustn’t means "forbidden".
2. have to represent objective needs, some say and changes in tense, no: don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to (not necessary)
—Must I be home before eight o’clock?
—Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.
[Synonyms of key words/phrases]
1.have a great time means "have fun", =enjoy oneself, have fun, have a good / wonderful / nice time
have a great / good time in (doing) sth. Be happy to do something
2. ask sb. (not) to do sth. Ask someone (not) to do something
The teachers ask us to do (do) lots of homework.
3. order sth. from +location "Order food from some place"
I want to order some books from the book store.
4. keep…to oneself Keep the secret
5. unless conj. Unless; if not
unless, the conditional sentence indicates that only under specific conditions, the decision to do or not do something.=if...not
The concert will be held as schedule unless there is a typhoon.= The concert will be held as schedule if there is not a typhoon.
6.be afraid to do sth.
I’m afraid to speak in front of other people.
be afraid of sth.
He told me not to be afraid of difficulties.
be afraid +th clause
I’m afraid that I can’t finish on time
7. be angry with sb.
We were angry with him for keeping us waiting.
be angry at/about sth.
He is angry at/about your answer.
I was very angry at what he said.
8. in the end Last; finally = at last/ finally
at the end of at... end
He married the nice girl in the end/at last/finally.
The school is at the end of the street.
9. careless adj. careless; antonym: careful, meaning "careful".
The boy is very careless.
He is more careful than me.
10. advice v. "advice; advice" n. advice, is an uncountable noun.
Give me some advice!
advise doing sth. It is recommended to do something.
advise sb.(not)to do sth.
I advise waiting till the right time.
I advise him not to sleep late every day.
11. It’s best (not) to do sth. It’s best to do something
It’s best to speak English every day.
12. run away from “escape from…” “escape”
13. cut …in half “cut in half”
[key syntax]
if conditional sentence
if conditional sentence
if conditional sentence: conditional sentence is used to state the tone, indicating that the hypothesis may occur, where if is the meaning of “if”, guide the conditional adverbial clause, if clause is used in the general present time, and the main sentence is used in the general future time.
Note: In the main sentences used in conjunction with the if conditional sentence, we generally use will to represent the future, rather than be going to represent the future.
PS: In the adverbial clause of time guided by when (when…), after, before, etc., if the main sentence is the general future, the clause should use the general present time to represent the future (the main and subordinate present).
For example: I will call you when I reach Canada. I will call you when I arrive in Canada.
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