HD in the late Shang Dynasty, the Zhou people rose in Baoji, Shaanxi and clashed with Chongguo in the area of Xi'an. Therefore, Chonghouhu slandered to King Zhou of Shang , saying that "Xibo accumulates good deeds and virtues, and all the princes will take it, which will be unfavorable to the emperor." So King Zhou of Shang imprisoned Xibo Ji Chang in 小明 . Seven years later, King Zhou released Ji Chang for the following reasons:
" Zhou Dynasty": Hong Yao's disciples were worried about it, so they asked the Youshen family's beauties, Lirong 's Wenma, and Xiong Jiusi. He was strange and offered Zhou because of Yin Gongchen Fei Zhong . Zhou said a lot, saying, "This thing is enough to explain Xibo, let alone many!" He pardoned Xibo and gave him a bow, arrow, axe and axe to make Xibo conquer. He said, "Those who slander Xibo are Chonghouhu."
According to Sima Qian , King Zhou of Shang probably had never seen any world. Some precious beauties presented by the Zhou people made him look like Liu Laolao into the Grand View Garden , and even exclaimed, "This thing is enough to release Xibo, let alone many of them." So he not only released Ji Chang, but also granted the right to conquer, and finally told Ji Chang that the person who framed him was Chonghouhu.
So, is King Zhou really so superficial? Judging from the specific methods of the Zhou people rescuing Ji Chang, there may be those who collect precious beauties to King Zhou, and perhaps bribe the favorite ministers around King Zhou. Therefore, to a certain extent, the statements of " Records of the Grand Historian " are not all fictional. However, these are secondary causes and are by no means main causes. At the beginning of this century, a batch of Warring States bamboo slips (Shangbo Shop) interpreted by Shanghai Museum. Among them, the chapter "Rong Chengshi" rewritten cognition and exposed the deeper political reasons why King Zhou released Ji Chang.
"Rong Chengshi" is a lost ancient text, with content ranging from Yao and Shun to Spring and Autumn , including Yao and Shun abdication , Dayu controls floods , Shang Tang defeats Jie, Wu Wang defeats Zhou and other major historical events. Among them, there are also reasons why King Zhou of Shang released Ji Chang:
Wen Wang heard about it ( Jiuguo rebelled against Shang), saying: "Although you are the lord, even if you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the lord, you are the When the Tao is destroyed, do you dare not do anything? Only when the father is destroyed, do you dare not do anything? Who can the emperor turn against him? "When Zhou heard this, he came out of King Wen below Xiatai and asked, "Can the nine countries come from?" King Wen said, "Yes."
At that time, nine princes rebelled against Shang. Ji Chang, who was in prison, said righteously: "Even if the king is unrighteous, the ministers cannot rebel. They should serve the king." After hearing this, King Zhou felt that Ji Chang was loyal and could use it, so he summoned him to talk to him and asked him if he could make the nine countries surrender to Shang again. Ji Chang replied "Yes". Later, King Zhou released Ji Chang and gave him the right to conquer.
From this point of view, the reason why King Zhou released Ji Chang was not the treasure of the beauty, but the political mission of maintaining stability or suppressing rebellion. Undoubtedly, this version is very different from what Sima Qian said.
However, the so-called "It is better to have no books than to believe in books." This is true for ancient books and unearthed documents. This record in "Rong Chengshi" should be forged by later literati, but it reflects the truth to a certain extent.
First of all, the "rebel Shang Nine Kingdoms" are Feng, Hao, Feng, Bi, ⿅, Qi (Li Kingdom), Chong, etc. Among them, 博博 is located in Jiaozuo, Henan today, and Li Kingdom is located in Changzhi, Shanxi, and is very close to Chaoge . It belongs to the vassal states within the core ruling area of the Shang Dynasty. It is logically a iron-core alliance of the Shang Dynasty. So, will the princes rebel against merchants in this way? Even if they rebel against Shang, would King Zhou dare to let Ji Chang quell the rebellion?
Chong Kingdom was originally located in the Songshan area of Henan Province. During the Shang Dynasty, it migrated to the current Xi'an area. It is a descendant of the Xia people. The Xia Dynasty's " Lianshan Yi " stated: "Gun (the father of Dayu ) was granted to Chong." Chong Kingdom was an important ally of the Shang Dynasty and an important fulcrum for the Shang Dynasty to operate the western part. There are dozens of records in the oracle bone inscriptions about Chonghou following the Shang king to fight against the Zhou people. In the late Shang Dynasty, it was also an important vassal state for the Yin people to check and balance the Zhou people. "Chonghou attacked Zhou" shows that Chongzhou belongs to a hostile relationship. So, why did Chongguo suddenly betray the Shang Dynasty while hostile to the Zhou people? The act of Chongguo making enemies on many sides is puzzling.
Secondly, Ji Chang's way to quell the rebellion was Lei Laohu's "suppressing people with virtue" in the movie "Fang Shiyu". Through these four words, Ji Chang easily surrendered the nine countries without bloodshed. Among them, the king of Chongguo was stubborn and unsatisfied. Ji Chang used "suppressing people with virtue" to make the people of Chongguo abandon the monarch and surrender. Ji Chang's "suppressing people with virtue" is like a weapon that can be defeated without any resistance. Isn't it incredible that the rebellious nine countries surrender again?
Obviously, the so-called rebellion of the Nine Kingdoms of Shang, or the hardcore Shang Dynasty that Ji Chang attacked, or the real rebellion of the Shang princes, later generations pieced together the "rebellion of the Nine Kingdoms of Shang". As for the method of "suppressing people with virtue", it was just that literati beautified Ji Chang. The deeper reason was that wars were frequent at that time. The literati described Ji Chang this way, essentially hoping that the princes at that time would learn from Ji Chang to "suppress people with virtue" rather than constantly launching wars. This is also the manifestation of "all history is contemporary history."
Although there is indeed something fictional about it, combined with oracle bone scripts and historical materials, it also reflects a certain truth.
In the late Shang Dynasty, with the decline of the strength of the Shang Dynasty, many vassal states made ill-conspiracy, among which the most powerful and first rebelled was Dongyi . oracle bone inscriptions record "Zhou of Shang was the priest of Li, and Dongyi rebelled against it", "In October 2, he went to the Yi side to conquer the Yi side (also called "ren Fang", an country in the Dongyi, see the picture below), "In October, the king (King Zhou) came to conquer the Yi side, and in Youhou Xi", "In March, he came to conquer the Yi side", etc. At that time, the Shangyi side was long and fierce, and King Zhou even personally conquer the Yi side many times. "Zuo Zhuan" records that "Zhou defeated the Dongyi and died", which actually reveals the truth about the demise of the Shang Dynasty. It is not that he fought against the Buzhou people, but that King Zhou of Shang consumed too much national strength on the Dongyi issue.
At the same time, the Zhou people in the western region became stronger and stronger. They became the number one prince of the western region when they were (the father of Ji Chang), and by Ji Chang, they became even stronger. For King Zhou, Zhou Kingdom is not only a potential threat that needs to be prevented, but also an important prince who has to stabilize the west. Therefore, King Zhou fell into a dilemma when dealing with Ji Chang's issue:
First of all, once King Zhou killed Ji Chang, it is likely to incite the Zhou State, causing the Shang Dynasty to fall into a situation of fighting on both the east and west sides; once the Shang Dynasty fought against the Zhou State and the Dongyi State at the same time, the Shang Dynasty would inevitably be more difficult for the Shang Dynasty to persist. Therefore, King Zhou has always been a prisoner and not a killer against Ji Chang. It should be because Ji Chang threatened Zhou State and made Zhou State be afraid of weapons.
Secondly, the Zhou State did not clearly rebel, and the Zhou State was an important force for the Shang Dynasty to stabilize the west. Therefore, when some princes in the west rebelled, King Zhou had to re-activate Ji Chang, otherwise he would face a situation of deterioration in the west. The author believes that the rebellion of some princes in the western region is very likely to be the result of the planning of the Zhou people, so as to make the situation in the western region decay and force King Zhou to release Ji Chang to help clean up the mess.
In the end, King Zhou took the minority of his two evils, and believed that releasing Ji Chang would be more conducive to stabilizing the west. Therefore, in terms of the situation at the end of the Shang Dynasty, this record in "Rong Chengshi" is to a certain extent in line with the historical background at that time, but the specific details are not credible.
In short, although "Shangbo Jian·Rong Chengshi" does not completely reveal the mystery of King Zhou's release of Ji Chang, it reflects a certain truth, allowing people today to have a glimpse of the subtle relationship between Shang and Zhou at that time. More importantly, compared with Sima Qian's superficial reason for releasing King Zhou's release of Ji Chang, all the blame for King Zhou's greed for pleasure, the reasons reflected in "Rong Cheng" are undoubtedly closer to the truth.
It is worth pondering that under the Confucian narrative, King Zhou greedy for pleasure and release Ji Chang, Xia Jie greedy for pleasure and release Shang Tang, Fuchai greedy for pleasure and release Goujian , and Ji Chang, Shang Tang, Goujian all defeated King Zhou, Jie Xia, and Fuchai. Why is Confucian's interpretation of the change of dynasties so superficial?
Reference materials: "Rong Chengshi", "Records of the Grand Historian" and other
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