Sichuan Hundreds of Surnames·My Surname·Jia Surname12
The Jia surname originated from Xiangfen County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province today. It is a very typical northern surname. By the Song Dynasty, the Liao, Jin, and later Mongolia and Yuan dynasties that coexisted with the Song Dynasty in the north had a large number of families and individuals named Jia working for them. This is where the Jia surname is different from most surnames in China. These families and individuals include Han Chinese and ethnic minorities, but they all belong to the ranks of Jia.
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, in addition to many prominent families surnamed Jia, there were also many celebrities from all walks of life, and it was difficult to count them all. Such as the mathematician Jia Xian, the famous painter Jia Xiang, the famous general Jia Kui, the politician Jia Yi, the Vice Minister of the Jin Dynasty Jia Xuan, the Southern Song Dynasty painter Jia Shigu, the Jin Dynasty Prime Minister Jia Yiqian, the Southern Song Dynasty Youcheng Prime Minister Jia Yuqing, Prime Minister Jia Shixun of the Liao Dynasty, Deputy Prime Minister Jia Lu of the Yuan Dynasty, Jia Heng, a mathematician in the late Yuan Dynasty, Jia Zhongming, a dramatist, etc., as well as two talented women, Jia Yunhua and Jia Penglai, whose love stories were written into legendary novels and have been passed down to this day.
The famous bibliophile Jia Fu built the Wanjuan Tower in Baoding
Jia Fu, courtesy name Yuande, was born in Qizhou Puyin County (now Anguo City, Hebei). He was a famous minister, general and bibliophile in the Yuan Dynasty.
In the early years of Jin Guozhenyou's reign, Jia Fu gathered rural soldiers to protect himself. Due to his meritorious service, he was appointed as the county lieutenant of Puyin County, and was soon promoted to the county magistrate.
Wang Zhi, the governor of Qizhou, was greedy and harmed the people. The government and the people jointly drove him away and recommended Jia Fu as the governor. The Jin Dynasty court complied with the popular sentiment and appointed Jia Fu as General Xuanwu and Governor of Qizhou.
After Jia Fu took office, he protected the country and the people, and everyone supported him. Jia Fu was later promoted to the defense envoy of Junzhou.
Zhending Prefecture (the prefecture is located in today's Zhengding County, Hebei ) Wuxian, the prefect, sent troops to attack Qizhou. In order to avoid Wuxian's plot, Jia Fu surrendered to Mongolia Temujin and was appointed deputy commander of Wanhu Marshal Zhang Rou, and still commanded Qizhou.
Zhang Rou ordered Jia Fu to attack Lizhou, Qingdu, Anping, Shulu and other prefectures and counties. Jia Fu captured all of them in one fell swoop. Due to his meritorious service, he was promoted to deputy marshal of the left and was granted the title of marching Thousand Households , which was soon changed to Shuntian, Henan and other roads with military and civilian households of 10,000 households.
For Zhang Rou, Jia Fu is a very good assistant.
Zhang Rou led the troops to fight outside, and Jia Fu was stationed inside. All matters, no matter how big or small, were decided by Jia Fu. He handled government affairs in an orderly manner, and the officials and people within the territory were stable.
After the fall of the Jin Kingdom, more than 50 old officials of the Jin Kingdom fled to the territory under Jia Fu's jurisdiction. Jia Fu provided them with financial help. These people were moved and submitted to the Yuan Dynasty.
Prime Minister Yelu Chucai admired Jia Fu very much and asked Jia Fu to concurrently take charge of Xingtai (the central government agency) affairs. Jia Fu firmly declined. The imperial court appointed his son Jia Wenbei as a Qianhu to assist Jia Fu in handling Xingtai affairs.
In the 54th year of Emperor Xianzong of Yuan Dynasty (1254), Jia Fu died of serious illness at the age of 63. When Meng Ge heard about it, he was shocked and said: "I was about to reuse him, why did God suddenly take him away from me?"
Compared with his political achievements, Jia Fu is more well-known as a famous bibliophile.
During his spare time during the war, Jia Fu collected many secret books and records, with a collection of tens of thousands of volumes. In 1227, with the assistance of Jia Fu, Zhang Rou rebuilt Baozhou City (now Baoding City, Hebei Province) on the ruins. Zhang Rou opened the marshal's palace in Baozhou, with Jia Fu as his deputy in charge of internal affairs.
In the 3rd year of Duanping in the Southern Song Dynasty (1236), Jia Fu built a Wanjuan Building in the residence north of Xuexiangyuan (today's Lianchi District, Baoding City) to store the books he collected from various places.
The Wanjuan Building is a tall and magnificent building with a hilltop style and a double-layer "U" shaped brick and wood structure. It is a typical library building in the Yuan Dynasty. The construction quality of Wanjuan Tower is quite good. In the 26th year of Yuan Dynasty (1289), a strong earthquake occurred, but Wanjuan Tower was still intact.
Jia Fu divided the Wanjuanlou collection of books into nine categories based on classics, history, calligraphy, famous paintings, and so on, and placed them according to grade.
Wanjuan Building
The Wanjuan Building and the Wanjuan Books collected by Jia Fu, after years of war, the collection of books was gathered and scattered, which provided the foundation for the establishment of Lianchi Academy. Today's Baoding Library evolved from the Wanjuan Building.
Jia Fu had 6 sons, among whom Jia Wenbei was the most famous.
Jia Wenbei, courtesy name Zhongwu, was the founding marshal of the Yuan Dynasty. After Jia Wen prepared thousands of households, he repelled the attacks of the Southern Song army many times.
After Jia Fu's death, Jia Wenbei inherited the position of deputy marshal of the left and also led the Shuntian Road.
In the 4th year of Zhongtong (1263), Jia Wenbei was promoted to Wanhu and stationed troops in Bozhou. In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (1265), Jia Wenbei was awarded the title of General Zhaoyong. He also served as governor of Zhending Road and the governor of Zhending Road. Later, he was transferred to the general manager of Weihui Road and the commander of the army of Henan Road.
to the 9th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1272), Jia Wenbei moved to Caizhou, (today's Runan County, Henan), and was also in charge of water transportation. At that time, the Song army often went to Caizhou to rob food and wages. Jia Wenbei defeated the Song army many times and captured many warships.
In the 11th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1274), Jia Wenbei served as the marshal of the Han army. Prime Minister Boyan attacked the Song Dynasty, and Jia Wenbei led the left-wing armies to follow the expedition and arrived in Yingzhou (today's Jiangling County, in Hubei).
Boyan was blocked by the Song army, and Jia Wenbei took a boat to attack Wuji Fort. The Song army mobilized troops for reinforcements and the river defense was empty. Boyan took the opportunity to cross the river and capture Ehan and other places. Jia Wenbei was renamed General Zhaoyi and guarded Ezhou (now Wuhan City, Hubei).
In the second year, Jia Wenbei followed Pingzhang Political Affairs Ali Hai to attack Hunan. In the battle of Tanzhou (today's Changsha City, Hunan Province), Jia Wenbei charged into the city and attacked the city. His right hand was injured by a cannonball and he was hit by an arrow in his left arm. He still persisted in fighting and forced Tanzhou to surrender. The following year, Jia Wenbei was awarded the title of General Zhaowu and was stationed in Tanzhou.
In the 15th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1279), Jia Wenbei was renamed General Zhenguo and Xuanwei Envoy of Hunan Province, and he led troops to capture Qiongya and other prefectures and coastal cities in Guangdong. In the second year, he served as Huaidong's propaganda envoy and was appointed as General Jinwu. In the 18th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1282), he was appointed Marshal of the Han Army.
In the 24th year of Yuan Dynasty (1297), Jia Wenbei resigned and returned to his hometown. In the eighth year of Dade (1304), Jia Wenbei died of illness. In the 4th year of Yanyou (1317), he was posthumously awarded the title of Zuocheng of the province of Jiangxi and other places, and was posthumously named the Duke of Wuwei, with the posthumous title of "Zhuang Wu".
Jia Juzhen, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, refused to raise wages without disrupting the system.
Jia Juzhen, courtesy name Zhongming, was born in Huolu County, Zhending Prefecture (now Huolu Town, Luquan District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province). He was a founding hero of the Yuan Dynasty, a scholar-type statesman, and a historian.
In the first year of Zhongtong (1260), Jia Juzhen became the doctor of Zhongshu. Later, he served as Zhongshu Councilor, Gai Shizhong, Councilor for Political Affairs, Councilor for Political Affairs, Hubei Xuanwei Envoy, Jiangxi Provincial Councilor, etc.
Jia Juzhen was an honest man and refused bribery. Emperor Taizong Wokuotai of the Yuan Dynasty specially commended him for this.
Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, valued Jia Juzhen very much and asked Jia Juzhen to follow him during the Northern Expedition. In his spare time, Kublai Khan often asked Jia Juzhen to teach Zizhi Tongjian.
Once, Kublai Khan asked him how much his salary was, and Jia Juzhen told the truth. Kublai Khan said that his salary was too low and wanted to increase his salary. Jia Juzhen refused, saying that his salary was determined based on his official rank and that the system should not be disrupted because of him.
After the Yuan army captured the territory of the Southern Song Dynasty, they were arrogant and arrogant, burning, killing and looting. Jia Juzhen tried her best to protect the residents, brought the rebellious soldiers to justice, and distributed grain and rice to the victims.
In the 17th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1281), the imperial court conquered Japan again and built warships in the south of the Yangtze River.
Jia Juzhen believed that the people were already in dire straits at that time, and if they fought against Japan, it would definitely lead to civil strife, and he wanted to enter the DPRK to stop it.
As a result, he died of illness before he could go on the trip at the age of 63. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of Zhongfuyi, Yinqing Ronglu Doctor, Zhongshu Pingzhang Political Affairs, posthumous title of Dingguo Gong, and the posthumous title "Wenzheng".
Jia Juzhen's second son, Jia Jun, has been studying since he was a child. He has a calm temperament and is very magnanimous.
Jia Jun successively served as the tea promoter, the censor of supervision, the secretary of Huaidong Lian visit, the governor of Xingtai, the doctor of the Ministry of punishment, the doctor of Yousi, and the counselor of Zhongshu.
After Renzong of the Yuan Dynasty came to the throne, he appointed Jia Jun as the Councilor and Political Affairs Officer (Deputy Prime Minister), and later moved to the Qianshu Privy Council and was reinstated as the Councilor and Political Affairs Councilor.
Jia Jun governed in accordance with the law, was fair and strict, and did not seek fame and reputation. In the first year of Emperor Qing's reign (1312), Jia Jun followed Yuan Renzong on an inspection tour of Xanadu. Unfortunately, he contracted an illness and died at home.
The Jia Xila family of the Yuan Dynasty held high positions for five generations
In the Yuan Dynasty, in addition to the Jia Fu and Jia Juzhen families, there were also the Jia Talahun and Jia Xila families.
Jata Lahun, a native of Jizhou City in present-day Hebei Province, was a founding hero and artillery marshal of the Yuan Dynasty.
Jata Lahun's son Chao'er Chixi and grandson Jilu fought with the army and died in the army. Therefore, after Jatalashun's death, his position was inherited by his younger brother Jia Liuba.
Jia Liuba made great achievements in battle and was named General Fengguo, in charge of the marshal of the artillery army. He was later dismissed as marshal of the capital and was awarded the title of gunner and military craftsman Wanhu.
Jia Xila, who is now a native of Daxing District, Beijing, has a "big physical appearance" and looks very talented.
Jia Xila was originally a chef, and the food he cooked was very suitable to Kublai Khan's taste. Kublai Khan took him with him and became a close minister. After Jia Xila died of illness, he was posthumously named Marquis of Wenxi County, with the posthumous title "Jingyi".
Jia Xila's son Jia Chou Nizi. When he was a child, Kublai Khan liked him very much and once let him sit next to him.
During the expedition to Yunnan, Jia Chou Nizi got into the water, slashed the warship with a knife, and defeated her opponent. Kublai Khan was surprised by his bravery.
Jia Chounizi later followed Kublai Khan in his expedition to the Southern Song Dynasty. After her death, she was posthumously named Linfen County Duke, with the posthumous title of "Xianyi".
Jia Hulinchi, the son of Jia Chou Nizi, is even more wise and courageous.
Kublai Khan once asked him what was the basis for governing the world, and he said that agriculture was the basis. When asked what comes first, he said that using talents comes first, and added that if talents are used, the world will be governed, and by focusing on agriculture, the people will be satisfied and the world will be stable. Jia Hulinchi's statement was deeply appreciated by Kublai Khan.
Jia Hulinchi's son Jia Tujian Buhua, because of his deep family background, Kublai Khan always attached great importance to him, saying that he was a useful talent and took him with him.
Jia Tujian fought bravely and took the lead, often saving the situation in times of crisis and turning defeat into victory.
Although Jia Tujian Buhua killed countless people on the battlefield, he maintained a kind heart towards those who fought first and then surrendered, and believed that those who surrendered should be treated kindly.
Kublai Khan regarded him with special regard and entrusted him with important responsibilities. Whenever political matters were discussed in front of Kublai Khan, he was forthright.
Jia Tujian is also a philanthropist. One year, the Kilulun tribe in the north suffered from a snowstorm. He petitioned the court to buy horses, sheep, etc. for the tribe's people. He also petitioned the court to allocate funds to buy clothes and delivered them himself, allowing tens of thousands of people in the tribe to survive.
During the reign of Renzong in the Yuan Dynasty, Shuofang was hit by snow again. Jia Toutian did not ask the court for disaster relief, but donated 200 horses himself.
After Emperor Wuzong of the Yuan Dynasty came to the throne, Jia Tujian Buhua was granted the title of Ronglu Doctor, and he "taught Pingzhang political affairs from afar." Later, he was granted the title of Guanglu Doctor and Jinzi Guanglu Doctor.
After Jia Tujian's death, he was posthumously awarded the title of "the hero who promoted loyalty, Xuanli and Shouliang", Taifu, Kaifu Yitong Sansi, Shangzhuguo, he was posthumously named Duke of Ji, and later he was named King of Ji'an, with the posthumous title of "Zhongyin". Great-grandfather Jia Xila, grandfather Jia Chounizi, and father Jia Hulinchi were also awarded posthumous titles.
Jia Tujian Buhua's sons, Jia Banbu, Jia Hulitai, Jia Yesugu, and Jia Tuhuchi, all became prominent officials.
The Jia Xila family was highly used in the Yuan Dynasty for five consecutive generations, with frequent high-ranking officials and a prominent family, which is rare in history.
Jia Yi had conflicts with Su Shi and often complained to the emperor.
Jia Xian was born in Fuyang County from the Northern Zhou Dynasty to the early Northern Song Dynasty (the county is now located in Dongguan Village, Jiuzhou Town, Cangxian County, Hebei Province). He once wrote 9 volumes of "Nine Chapters of the Yellow Emperor's Algorithm and Fine Grass" and 2 volumes of "An Ancient Collection of Arithmetic Science", which have been lost.
However, Jia Xian's achievements in mathematics were copied and cited in " Detailed Explanation of Nine Chapters Algorithm " and "Squaring Method Origin" by Yang Hui, a mathematician of the Southern Song Dynasty, and were preserved.
Jia Xian's main contribution is the creation of Jia Xian's triangle and multiplication method. The multiplication and opening method is the method of finding the positive roots of higher powers. The principle and procedure of the comprehensive division method in middle school mathematics are similar to it. The
multiplication method is neater, simpler and more procedural than the traditional method. The calculation procedure is roughly the same as that of the European mathematician Horner, but it is 770 years earlier than Horner.
Jia Xiang, a native of Kaifeng, served as a senior official and an observer of the Baokang Army. After his death, he was posthumously awarded the rank of Shaoshi, with the posthumous title of "Zhongliang".
Jia Xiang has been fond of painting since he was a child. He is particularly good at painting dragons and water. After the Baohe Hall was completed, it was necessary to paint dragon water. Other painters were not satisfied with the painting, so the emperor specially asked him to paint it.
Jia Xiang is also good at painting figures and miscellaneous paintings. His paintings of bamboos, rocks, vegetation, birds and animals, buildings, etc. are all very exquisite. He is also good at carving and shaping.
Jia Kui was born in Chacheng County, Zhending Prefecture (now Chancheng District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province). When the famous general Di Qing conquered the uprising of Nong Zhigao, the leader of the ethnic minority in Guangxi, Jia Kui was one of the generals.
Before the war, Di Qing issued a strict order: No one is allowed to send troops without his order. During the battle, Jia Kui saw that general Sun Jie had died in battle, and the Song soldiers were in a critical situation. Without waiting for Di Qing's order, Jia Kui led his troops into the opponent's camp, separated the opponent into two sides, and finally won. Afterwards, Di Qing did not blame Jia Kui.
When the army entered the city of Yongzhou (now Nanning City, Guangxi), Di Qing asked Jia Kui to search for treasures in the city, but Jia Kui disobeyed the order.
The Qinshan area is rich in wood, but there are people from Xixia coming and going. Jia Kui led his troops to Qinshan to harvest timber. After hearing the news, the Xixia people came to compete with each other to determine the winner. Jia Kui shot three arrows in a row, and all of them hit the bull's-eye. The Xixia people were resigned to losing.
From Guan Jia Kui to the Jianwu Army's Jiedushi and the Dianqian, he commanded the envoys. When Jia Kui died at the age of 69, he was posthumously given the title of Shizhong, with the posthumous title "Wu Ke".
Jia Yi was born in Wuwei County, Anhui Province today. When Jia Yi was 7 years old, his father passed away, and his mother, Peng, spun threads to support his education. Sometimes, his mother gave him some pocket money, but he was reluctant to use it. When you have accumulated 100 dollars, return the money to your mother.
Jiayou6 (1061), Jia Yi passed the Jinshi examination. Jia Yi studied under the famous Neo-Confucianist Cheng Yi . In the party struggle at that time, he was a member of the Luo Party among the Yuanyou Party members and had close ties with the Shu Party represented by Su Shi.
Su Shi was demoted to the south of the Yangtze River, but Jia Yi did not let him go. He often played a copy of Su Shi in front of the emperor.
After Jia Yi passed the Jinshi examination, he held many positions. Finally, he was appointed as the magistrate of Dengzhou as Baowen Pavilion. He died at the age of 72 and was given the posthumous title "Wensu".
Jia Yiqian was born in Wozhou (now Shengzhou City, Zhejiang Province) of the Kingdom of Jin. His real name was Shouqian, but he changed his name to Yiqian to avoid the name taboo of Wanyan Shouxu, Emperor Aizong of Jin Dynasty.
In the 10th year of Dading (1170), Jia Yiqian passed the Jinshi examination and served in local prefectures and counties. He was famous for his outstanding ability.
Jia Yiqian later entered the court and served as Yushi Zhongcheng, Councilor for Political Affairs, Shangshu Zuocheng (prime minister), etc. He was also transferred to other local offices and was named Yinqing Ronglu Doctor, Shangshu Youcheng of Shangshu State, and Xiangxiangong of Hedong County.
In the third year of Zhengda (1226), 80-year-old Jia Yiqian passed away. His three sons, Jia Xianqing, Jia Yiqing, and Jia Xiangqing, were all officials of the Jin Dynasty.
Jia Heng, a native of Changsha, was a famous mathematician in the late Yuan Dynasty. His 2-volume work "The Almighty Collection of Algorithms" is one of the 20 algorithms included in the "Yongle Dadian" of the Ming Dynasty. The method of reduction and division in
combines Zhu Shijie's method of returning the head without division in the early Yuan Dynasty and the method of collision and reduction of Ding Ju later in the Yuan Dynasty, and compiled it into a formula, which simplifies the multi-digit division calculation and has great practical value.
Jia Zhongming, who named himself Yunshui Sanren, was from Zichuan (now Zibo City, Shandong Province).
Jia Zhongming was smart and studious, well-read, good at chanting, especially good at lyrics, music and lingo. He once served in the residence of King Yan of Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, and was favored by Zhu Di.
Jia Zhongming composed many legendary operas and Yuefu, including "Yunshui Yiyin" and so on.
Jia Zhongming had a wide circle of friends, and famous scholars and officials at that time, such as Yang Na, Wang Yuanheng, Zhu Jing, Lu Jinzhi and Luo Guanzhong, all had contacts with him.
Jia Zhongming wrote 16 kinds of dramas, 5 of which are extant: "A Dream of Immortality", "Golden Boy and Jade Girl" ("Jin Anshou"), "Jade Comb" ("Pair of Jade Comb"), "Bodhisattva Man" ("Xiao Shulan") and "Jade Pot Spring".
The themes of Jia Zhongming's creations show two tendencies: one is the transformation of gods into Taoists, and the other is the love of children.
Jia Zhongming also studied Yuan drama, and his theory of drama literature has important reference value for the current study of Yuan Dynasty drama.
Talented girl Jia Yunhua and Jia Penglai, the love story has become a legend
In addition, among the people named Jia during the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there were two talented girls: Jia Yunhua from Zhejiang and Jia Penglai from Fujian.
Jia Yunhua was born in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) during the Yanyou and Zhizheng years of the Yuan Dynasty.
Jia Yunhua married the scholar Wei Peng by fingertips. When he became an adult, Wei Peng went to Jia's house to propose marriage. Jia's mother wanted to refuse the marriage and asked Jia Yunhua to meet Wei Peng as brother and sister, but the two fell in love at first sight.
Two years later, Wei Peng passed the Jinshi examination and served as the deputy elevator of Zhejiang Confucianism. He went to Qiantang to renew his old friendship with Jia Yunhua. However, Jia Mu repeatedly refused to marry.
Not long after, Wei Peng's mother passed away, and Wei Peng went to the funeral. Before leaving, Jia Yunhua thought of his mother's repeated refusal to marry, and Wei Peng's departure was a farewell to life and death, so he wrote "Traveling on the Shasha" to bid farewell to Wei Peng. After Wei Peng left, Jia Yunhua went on a hunger strike and died of illness soon after.
A man from the Ming Dynasty Li Changqi wrote the love story between Jia Yunhua and Wei Peng into the legendary story "The Resurrection of Jia Yunhua".
Jia Penglai, a native of Fujian, was a female poet and painter of the Yuan Dynasty. Her father, Jia Xuzhong, was a famous poet and painter.
Jia Xuzhong has three guqins named Qiong Yaoyin, Huan Peiyin and Penglai Yin in his home. He happened to have three daughters, so he named the three daughters after the guqins respectively.
When Jia Xuzhong was an official, he had a close relationship with Shangguan Shouyu, a native of in Jiangdu County, Yangzhou who was the professor of Kuizhang Pavilion at that time.
Shangguan Shouyu had a son named Shangguan Cuinu. Shangguan Shouyu sent him to Jia Xuzhong's house to learn painting, and he played with Jia Penglai since childhood, and they were childhood sweethearts. After
grew up, the two experienced many twists and turns, got married, and gave birth to a son.
At this time, it was the end of the Yuan Dynasty, and heroes from all over the country were rising up, and the war was in chaos.
The Jia family and the Shangguan family fled together. They encountered a group of thieves at night and killed all the two families except Jia Penglai, including Shangguan Cuinu and their newborn son.
Jia Penglai was so miserable that he pretended to agree to marry the thief and let the thief bury his family. While burying Shangguan Cuinu, she jumped into the pit and committed suicide.
The thieves dragged her body out and buried it 20 steps away from Shangguan Cuinu.
After Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, the Chief Secretary stationed in Fuzhou investigated the folk deeds that could be commended and learned about Jia Penglai's death.
visited the site and found that there was a tree growing on each of the graves of Jia Penglai and Shangguan Cuinu. They grew towards each other, with branches and leaves connected, and the sun was blocked. The locals called them the Lianli Tomb Tree.
Li Changqi, a novelist of the Ming Dynasty, wrote the novel "The Story of the Lianli Tree" based on the life-and-death love story between Jia Penglai and Shangguan Cuinu.
West China Metropolis Daily - cover news reporter Huang Yong
Special thanks to
The interview and information for this issue's Jia manuscript have received strong support from Mr. Jia Zaiming, a researcher of the Jia surname in Sichuan.
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