Everyone knows Einstein likes to play the violin and often performs. Gradually, the violin became one of his symbols. Some people also wrote novels like "Einstein's Violin Theft" and joked about him.
Many scientists do this. Max Planck, the pioneer of quantum theory, is good at piano and accordion; Nobel Prize winner in physics, Heisenberg , started reading scores at the age of four and wanted to be a musician; James Allison, the winner in medicine, is good at harmonica; Francis Arnold, the winner in chemistry, also said the famous saying "The code of life is as complex and beautiful as the symphony of Beethoven , but we don't know how to write it."
, these are not difficult to understand, "Amateur entertainment, who doesn't have any hobbies?"
, is it really amateur? not necessarily! Some of their accomplishments are not inferior to those of the music college graduates. Or, they originally volunteered to become musicians and did not want to be scientists. Like Einstein, he dreamed of becoming a violinist like Paganini since childhood. Later, his scientific achievements may not be able to surpass the happiness brought to him by music.
In the humanities field, the famous musician in recent years is Said .
He is famous for discussing "Orientalism" and has been popular for a while. But "The Extreme Realm of Music" is enough to witness his musical literacy. From classical music, opera to Pavarotti , there are discussions on the ban on performances in Israel, the increasing popularity of music festivals, the relationship between music and feminism, etc.
Is he a music professor or professional music critic? Of course not. It’s just a sound that music professors, professional music critics, and music fans must listen to.
Similarly, Derrida 's deconstruction theory is popular in North America, but in addition to deconstructing "language logics", his articles are mostly about "Memoirs of the Blind: Painting Origins from Invisible", "Poetry is Trauma", and "Time Given: Time of the King". His theory has had a profound impact on many fields such as literary criticism, art, architecture, law, and translation because he was originally wandering in various fields. The same is true of
Rolland Barth . Its semiotic method is in the preface to "Popular System". The book talks about clothing poetics and rhetoric of symbols: popular rationality, economics of the popular system, the history and dialect of popular fashion, popular fashion photography, etc.
"Mingshift: Photography Talk" He chose another field and deliberately stood in the perspective of "non-professional" viewers to express his understanding of photography emotionally. It is said that a place where miracles are produced should not be called "darkroom" but "bright room". Photography "neither image nor reality, it is a new substance: a reality that cannot be touched again."
This keyword appears again in his behavior: amateur.
amateur, relative to professional. This "career" seems to be knowledgeable or academic, but in fact it is not, it is a profession. Those who have some knowledge and skills but do not make a living by it call them amateurs and say that they are professional.
Therefore, the music of Einstein, Said and others; Roland Barth talks about photography and popular clothing; Derrida talks about poetry and painting, all of them are amateurs.
Sarcasm, which happens to happen. Many breakthroughs in professional fields have occurred in some amateurs. Or at least, if professionals do not read the works of people like Roland Barth, Said, and Derrida, they will be rude and craftsmanship and will not be improved.
Do you think of the phenomenon of "literati painting" in the history of Chinese painting?
literati, suddenly got involved in painting after the Tang and Song dynasties. Professional painters were originally very confident and thought they were "experts" and should do their true colors. They laughed at their non-experts and their painting methods were arrogance and perverse, so they could only be called "Li Family Painting". But what is the result? Literary paintings changed from heretics to authenticity, breaking the monopoly of professional painters and reversing the trend of painting history. Professionalism, in front of unprofessional literati, is fully revealed and has no power to fight back.
1. Challenge of Amateurs
The storyteller of the Song and Yuan dynasties will first tell a short story as an introduction, called "human words" or "defeat the first time". What I said before is similar to this.
is to induce everyone to think about several questions.
(I) Now everyone emphasizes professionalism and expertise. However, why do you see a big name in a higher-end professional subject or field that is proficient in many other fields in addition to your major?
(II) The people mentioned above show a state of pleasure in wandering among many fields. It doesn't seem to be too difficult. Not only does it seem to be laborious to talk about this across borders, they rarely appear in the field of their own fame, such as studying, studying hard, studying hard, concentrating on, diligent, focusing on their hearts, etc. It seemed as if Einstein had just played the violin and became a great scientist. This impression may not be true, but the difference between their life states from professionals is very obvious. Why is this happening?
(III) Of course, these people also have professional tags on them, such as philosophers, doctors, professors of certain subjects, masters in certain fields, etc. Therefore, they go to fields other than those majors, which are often called amateurs, playing tickets, kicking restaurants, and grabbing territory. But, professional gentleman, how could your territory be robbed? How can an unprofessional person understand your profession better than Shen Qian in this field and gain more social recognition?
(IV) Examples like this are everywhere in ancient times, present, Chinese and foreign countries, and can be shown endlessly, which is the norm. But why do professionals refuse to admit that they are willing to regard people who are good at multiple fields as variables, exceptions, geniuses, or directly as liars? ⏤⏤I have been working in this field for decades before I understand this. You run in and say you understand, and even boast that you can beat me, not a liar or a lunatic, what is it?
In fact, only professionals who are unwilling to (actually unable) answer these questions are really stupid. If you stick to a professional cave and refuse to come out, why don’t you be stunned?
2. The collapse of professional society
Any society has the majority of stupid people, so there are many fools. But in addition to modern experts who will introduce later, there are also many ancient times who like to become professional ignorants and propose theories to consolidate and promote them.
For example, the Qing Dynasty chapter Xuecheng , which was highly praised by Hu Shi and Gu Jiegang , is a silly man of the ashes.
He yearned for the society before the Spring and Autumn Period, saying that society was a combination of knowledge and profession (official position), and he would do whatever he learned, and passed down from generation to generation. After the Spring and Autumn Period, the feudal system was loosened and the kings were lost. Knowledge and technology flowed to the people with the disintegration of the aristocratic system, and various schools of thought such as Confucius, Mencius, Mo, Taoism, Fa, Peasant Soldiers appeared.
The former is class-firm, knowledge is inherited in a closed and single line, academic mastery is only official, has no personal nature, and no academic freedom of thought. But he felt it was good and praised it as "public and selfless"; then scolded the latter and opposed sacrifice to Confucius. Because Confucius had no distinction in teaching, he opened up the style of private lectures and writings, broke the situation of "unity of officials and teachers", and also broke his dream of "learning from the king's official". The order of learning in the "Doctrine of the Mean" is: "learning erudition, interrogating, thinking carefully, discerning, and practicing steadily" became the code of action of scholars in later generations, and also made him very angry.
Chapter Xuecheng was originally knowledgeable and didn’t read much, so he wanted to return to a simple and disciplined society, which was understandable.
But he didn't expect: the essence of thought is freedom, how can it be limited by the official and professional for a long time? When thoughts surging, the embankment will eventually be washed down. The development of the feudal system of the Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period is a clear proof.
Another thing he didn't expect was his idea, which was actually the most in line with the ruler's spleen and stomach⏤⏤ Although I don't want to say that he was not upright in his mind, his hope of becoming an imperial teacher and his idea of "being at peace with the world" just provided a rope and shackle for consolidating his rule.
in fact, you don’t need to provide it, the ruler will do it himself.
The great prosperity of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was soon considered by Qin Shihuang as "confused with the masses", so he ordered to burn books, bury scholars, ban hundreds of schools of thought, and return to the "master of officials" pattern.
Thoughts of thought were surging, and Qin Shihuang's embankment was of course washed down again.
However, the Han Dynasty was hurriedly established on the basis of Qin, and its compliance was greater than its reforms and failed to correct its past mistakes. Like the law, it generally continued Qin's severe punishments. Academics also continued the doctoral system of the Qin Dynasty. The state established the Five Classics Phrases, one family, called academic officials, and they recruit doctoral students and disciples.
, a professional education that integrates official teachers, has formed a situation where knowledge is closed, single-line inheritance, academic mastery is the official, no personal nature, and no academic freedom. Emphasize family law, learning method and professionalism.
Those who study the Book of Documents do not study the Book of Songs; those who study the Spring and Autumn Annals do not study the Book of Changes, and each of the Five Classics has its own experts. The so-called study of the Book of Songs depends on which one is Qi, Lu, and Han; reading the Book of Shang, it depends on whether it is Ouyang Gao, Xiahou Sheng or Xiahou Jian . Even the Analects of Confucius is divided into Qi and Lu, and there is no unified book at all.
is so closed, and the land is a prison, each occupying a territory, not giving in to each other, and not allowing private students to compete, and they fight each other.
Unfortunately, the tide was surging, and the embankment was still washed down.
On the one hand, the private school power is getting stronger and stronger, and on the other hand, the major is gradually becoming both professional. By the end of the Han Dynasty, almost all official schools were replaced by private schools, and there were many scholars such as Zheng Xuan , Wang Su , etc. In the past, it was difficult to understand a scripture, and it was very professional, and it was impossible for people to understand the Five Classics. Now, if you say these words, everyone will laugh and pity you for exploring the sky.
3. The learned traditional
later situation is like water. After breaking through the dark gate, it will flow to the river and the sea, becoming wider and wider.
From the five sutras to the nine sutras, thirteen sutras , thirteen sutras, thirteen sutras, new thirteen sutras, thirteen sutras, new thirteen sutras, and new thirteen sutras, and new thirteen sutras, and new thirteen sutras, and Buddha's treasures, and thousands of volumes of sutras. You have to see and understand.
So you say Li Bai, Du Fu , Han Yu , Wang Anshi, Su Shi , Zhu Xi , Wang Yangming , Gu Yanwu , Huang Zongxi , Wang Chuanshan ..., who is what expert? Who doesn’t have a lot of books?
Even the "Sinologist" of the Qing Dynasty had a lot of commentary, like the plaque written by Zhao Zhiqian: "Those who do not read five thousand books will not be able to enter this room."
The Western Han Dynasty only knows the first classics and is self-conceited and professional is gone.
Five thousand volumes, it looks exaggerated, but it is originally a real number, which is different from words like "reading thousands of books, traveling thousands of miles" and "reading thousands of books, writing like a god". Therefore, the "Records of the Three Kingdoms" records that Cao Pi Jian a Book Pavilion, and said, "Reading five thousand volumes, Xu Dengzeng Pavilion to read books." Later, " Northern History " said Cui Jun also signed his household and said: Those who do not read five thousand volumes will not be able to enter this room. They probably use reading 5,000 books as the basic number of a good scholar.
: From the popularity of words such as 5,000 volumes and 10,000 volumes, we can see that everyone’s recognition of scholars and literati is to be broad rather than professional. The so-called “not knowing anything is a shame for Confucians.”
As mentioned earlier, the Western Han Dynasty retains the professional legacy of the tyrannical Qin Dynasty, and the Eastern Han Dynasty gradually changed. Therefore, Yang Xiong "Fayan" says: "A sage is ashamed of not knowing anything in the world." Wang Chong "Lunheng·Bietong" also says: "Those who do not read widely have no knowledge of ancient and modern times, do not see things, do not know anything, are blind eyes, deafness, and abscesses." Cui Yuan's "The Stele of Zhang Pingzi of the Hejian Prime Minister" praised Zhang Heng for "not knowing anything, but he is really ashamed of not knowing anything." Of course, people cannot understand everything, but they cannot help but ask for it as "know as much as possible". If you don't ask for it yourself, you have to wait to welcome other people's smiles. A few years ago, Xia Yan was ruined by Wu Han: "You are still the Minister of Culture, and you don't understand this at all!" This is an example. Fortunately, Xia Yan knew his shame and worked hard. He took one hour every day to read "The Great Master of the Essay" and "Twenty-Four Histories".
Nowadays, the academic community is shameless, and it is actually considered shameful and powerful. Emphasize professionalism, be careful not to look straight and go deep into one subject. I have been determined to be a prison for my whole life, and I have been in this small, preferably a place where others have no time or intention to manage it.
They will never be able to leave the smaller circle of a certain major in the small circle of the college in their entire lives. If they go out, they don’t understand this or that, and they can only be laughed at by others.
4. The professional pattern of resurrection
for example Chinese. It is divided into two major parts: "linguistics and literature" and "literature". The former is further divided into language, text and literature. Language is also divided into pronunciation, grammar, or ancient Chinese, modern Chinese, etc. Where is literature? It is divided into ancient, modern, modern, comparative literature, literature and art, etc. Each has a teaching and research department, which belongs to its teachers, courses and students, and is divided into regions and is not connected.
The ideal for students is: undergraduate major, postgraduate entrance examination major, doctoral degree, and continue to do majors and teach majors in colleges and universities or research institutions. Do philology for a lifetime, do modern literature for a lifetime, archaeology for a lifetime, do ancient Chinese for a lifetime, do opera for a lifetime, live...
I have met a gentleman who studies literature. When talking about Tang Jikede and Robin Hood, I didn’t understand and only studied Chinese literature. I talk about Pingjiang Buxiaosheng and Wang Dulu, and I have never heard of modern martial arts. When talking about the ancient zaju and Yezi opera in "Water Margin", I don't understand it, and I only studied the Six Dynasties. So, what about the accomplices of the Six Dynasties? I don't understand, I only study poetry. Yuefu poems such as "The Young People" and "The Rangers" are also very interesting. It is also unclear, mainly to do Tao Yuanming . Ah, that's great, Gong Zizhen poem "Tao Qian's poem is happy to say about Jing Ke, and wants to see "Tingyun" to post a great song. When the grudges and hatreds surge, there are not many chivalrous people in the world." It has become a major case in modern times, and it just happens to ask for advice. "I don't know, I'm specializing in the Tao's version," he said very arrogantly. Why is
conceited? Because this is the case with the discipline setting and education system. He consciously and perfectly met the requirements of the academic community and even the state for him, and thus received degree, professional title, and expert treatment, including meals, houses, stages, disciples and students, social status, awards, and special allowances of the State Council...
Then copy the students, and reproduce each generation. This is true in every subject. It is exactly the same as the doctoral students recruited by PhD in Qin and Han.
corresponds to this, a professional social profession. Engineers, doctors, teachers, lawyers, and accountants are all majors. Sometimes it is not enough to graduate from a certain university major, and you still need to take the certificate and take the exam.
5. The development of modern professional education
More than a hundred years ago, in 1908, Bai Bide's " Literature and American University " criticized the popular German trend at that time. Say: The human spirit has gone to extremes. Scientific positivism is widely spread, and some educational institutions are becoming large science factories. The degree system has no promotion effect on those who are eager to study and think deeply, and only encourages those who show skillful skills in their research work. The Germanization of ancient humanistic classics is not only a devastating blow to the classics themselves, but also a great disaster in the entire higher culture theory.
According to his opinion, the German-style academic style "encourages people to give up all spontaneous thinking and only act as a record or warehouse of other people's opinions in a small area of knowledge" and "willing to lower their minds to purely mechanical functions." The problem is that one is that only paying attention to materials and using verification to achieve the accumulation of knowledge; the other is that professional division of labor is caused by cutting.
What he said is the trend of industrial society gradually factoryizing schools. This trend started in Europe, broke the original humanistic and spiritual education system, and then extended to the United States. He wanted to resist this unhealthy trend, so he advocated new humanism.
After the Industrial Revolution, with the widespread use of large machines in Western countries, the division of labor became increasingly detailed and had to gradually become professional. Because a worker can only care about his part and cannot master all the production processes and contents. By the 1860s, production was becoming increasingly concentrated, and there were syndicates, trusts, and other monopoly organizations, which further accelerated the development of the country's specialization. The United States is also on this road, so it attracted criticism from Bai Bide.
However, since the late 1920s, product professional factories have transitioned to mainframe factories or assembly factories. A factory mainly undertakes the assembly of such products and completes a small amount of process processing and the manufacturing of key components.On the eve of World War II, the specialization of parts and process specialization were basically finalized.
education, in line with this industrial development trend, is also comprehensively professional.
According to the widely used Liebermann standard of "specialization" used in modern times, the so-called major is that the scope is clear and monopolized to engage in indispensable work in society; the second is to use a high degree of rational technology; the third is to require long-term professional education; the fourth is to directly bear the responsibility for making judgments and taking actions within the scope of professional self-discipline; for example, the court is decided by the judge, prosecutor and lawyer, and the hospital is decided by the doctor.
The entire core is professional talents, and the cultivation of talents depends on education.
As a result, it gradually became the era of professional education in the twentieth century. Since the 1950s and 1960s, the mainland has emphasized the development of industry and the professional education formed by cooperating with the planned economy, which is its most dazzling result.
Since the reform and opening up, this pattern has not only not been broken, but has introduced concepts such as professional managers, legal professional talents, and human resources development due to various needs such as business tide, economic development, and rule of law construction. The humanities, society, and business enterprises have also begun to emphasize professionalism.
6. Revision and transformation of professional education
In other words, the concerns and resistance of people like Bai Bide failed.
Bai Bide's proposition has influenced China's Wu Mi , Liang Shiqiu and others. It seems that they have also failed in China.
No, resistance has always existed. Wrong things will not become right just because they are done for a long time. on the contrary! At the beginning, a new trend came, and everyone learned to do it in a blink of an eye, enjoying the passion of taking special medicine. The longer you take it, the more you rely on special medicines, but you will understand the problems of special medicines more and more, and you will automatically start to try to improve them. It may not be because you have heard from any senior.
Therefore, after Baibide, the United States launched various solutions to transform and improve professional education. They start from their own experiences and do not necessarily follow the path of humanism.
One is to emphasize classic education. No matter what major, it needs to start from classics, which serve as the common foundation for people to face the future. University of Chicago 's achievements in this regard are highly praised.
One is to develop core courses and general education. Especially under the current education system, the two major fields of arts and science have been divided into two worlds, unable to communicate or understand. Therefore, some core knowledge needs to be determined in all professional courses as the intersection that everyone can communicate with. Harvard University is the leader in this regard.
One is holistic human education, also known as holistic human education. It is believed that the purpose of education is not only to cultivate children's intellectual development, but also to their social, emotional, physical and spiritual growth. Therefore, the focus of education has shifted from professionalism to "full-person development" and focused on personalized education. Highlight art, music, punctuality, and tidyness, and incorporate creativity, spontaneity, self-expression, honesty and teamwork.
One is to separate university and graduate education. The university only conducts general education, and then conducts professional training in the graduate school stage. For example, what are the uses of courses such as journalism, studying in the journalism writing, and editing interviews in college? What are the political, economic, social, legal, historical and artistic things that can you understand nothing, and what related news can you interview? Therefore, professional technical training can be postponed to the unit to do pre-service training, or to study it in the postgraduate stage.
One is to develop technological integration. Let scholars from different majors communicate and cooperate, and reintegrate the broken relationships of various disciplines.
and other goals are all to save professional education. The plans are all designed to break the narrow and deep form of experts and move towards exchanges, intersections, communications, consensus, and integration.
Some of these attempts have failed at present. For example, a subject buffet-style Broadcom program wants to dilute the professional atmosphere with a large number of elective courses. However, the American National Council on Excellence in Education issued a report on the National Crisis (A Nation at Risk) in 1983, believing that schools have become cafeterias with as many as 50% of elective courses. However, the common and elective courses are all included, personal finance, bachelor life, health, etc. are confused with "interdisciplinary", which leads to the failure of the education system.
It can be seen that I have been professional for a long time and have been taking the wrong medicine for decades. It takes some thought and time to transform it.
But the situation in the 21st century is very different from that in the 20th century. When professional education moves to broad-mindedness, it is necessary to change even if it doesn’t change.
The huge social, technological and environmental changes have once again made "interdisciplinary learning" the key to the new education system and rediscussing the educational goals: expert talents can no longer cope with the new era.
has brought new opportunities and risks due to the rapid globalization process. Team learning and complex communication capabilities are becoming new survival tools. The surge in immigration has changed the demographic structure of classrooms and communities. Media and trade have also made people and culture more and more contact in distant regions. People have opened up new forms of cross-cultural learning and communication, while also creating unknown fears.
The educational framework released by the National Science Foundation in recent years is therefore called "educational opportunities for interdisciplinary teaching." For example, many branches of biology will be integrated into biophysicists, chemists, computer scientists, engineers and mathematicians to synthesize a research community to solve a wide range of scientific and social problems. The transformation and integration of these societies and technologies will inevitably lead to a new generation of learners. They are the “new millennials” “global supervisors” “environmental allies” and “career-ready” who are able to access and filter information digitization, cross spatial barriers, collaborate across culture and languages, leverage new environmental survey opportunities, and engage in political and artistic expression. 21st century learners and experts like
will clearly benefit from their interdisciplinary abilities rather than their specialties.
Savvy students should learn to think like historians, scientists and artists. It also requires the ability to understand the interconnectivity of specific issues and the broader topics through an interdisciplinary perspective and trends.
Therefore, the United States hopes to build a "Three One" training system through innovation ability orientation, internationalization and multidisciplinary intersection, so as to achieve master's and doctoral integration, and strengthen the cutting-edge and interdisciplinary nature of the course.
7. Outdated reality, no future vision
China's education, in the early days, in the Soviet Union, and in the middle, in the United States. The foundation and structure are industrialization, specialization and professionalization, and are combined with the old traditions of the Qin Dynasty.
But since the United States has reflected on professional education, we cannot be immune to it. Therefore, classic education, core curriculum, general education, whole-person education, scientific and technological integration, interdisciplinary and cross-cultural areas are advocated and participated in the current education system. Scattered promotion has been around for twenty or thirty years.
, but the effect is much worse than that of the United States.
For example, we have actually made a very clear distinction between degrees: professional degree, which is different from academic degree, has different focus on training specifications and clear positioning in training goals. The characteristic of a professional degree in
is that it is closely integrated with professionalism. People who have obtained professional degrees do not engage in academic research, but engage in jobs with obvious professional backgrounds, such as engineers, physicians, teachers, lawyers, accountants, etc.
However, the score is like this, but it is actually confused. All subjects and departments are trained in professional degrees, and universities are equivalent to technical schools. Technical talents such as engineers, doctors, teachers, lawyers, accountants, etc., have higher social cognition and self-feeling than academic degrees and have better employment conditions.
profit and wealth are still driven by professional guidance today. The university has become a factory, or pre-employment human resources training is provided for the factory.
After all, people have no future intentions and have not yet obtained the benefits in front of them. How should learners and experts in the 21st century have the ability to cross-disciplinary subjects still be considered.
8. Tao and weapon: The difference between gentlemen and craftsmen
However, the distinction between "professional degree" and "academic degree", which shows that everyone actually understands what "professional" is.
"Professional degree" refers to obtaining a kind of knowledge and technology, which is different from "academic". And this distinction is unchanging throughout the ages.
I talked about Confucius and the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
When the Zhou Dynasty "learned in the king's officialdom", knowledge was combined with royal power and profession, and passed down from generation to generation. Raising horses, raising irons, experiencing celestial phenomena, and playing music. To put it nicely, it is called "craftsman spirit". In fact, it has been passed down from generation to generation. If your son is not good, it is not the material, so his skills have to be reduced, lost, or filled with the number of things. The situation is the same as the emperor's throne passed down. Fortunately, one or two people who can work hard or have a very talented and sensible will be the minority. And even if it can be passed on, the theoretical part will inevitably be lost, and only the old typical examples are technically retained. "Book of Han·Yiwenzhi" says that after the decline of Zhou, the various crafts and skills learned by Wang Guan were flowing into the people, but the essence was completely lost. For example, music, "The music officials in the world can be quite capable of singing and encouraging, but cannot express their meaning." This is the truth.
Confucius understood this, so he opened the door to civilian education, and there is no difference in teaching. What is trained is no longer a craftsman or a technician, but a gentleman. A gentleman is different from a technician. "A gentleman is not a weapon". He is not a craftsman who makes tools, so he is also very knowledgeable in personality, unlike professionals who only have one insight or one skill.
From then on, gentlemen have preached and well-versed in their studies, and are ashamed of having only one skill and one weapon. Anyone who combines academics with royal power, profession, and craftsmanship will also be despised. For example, Ban Gu mocked the so-called classics and prosperity in the Han Dynasty only because of the "way of wealth and profit"; Zhu Xi said that the school was already an official school, so he had to change his academies, all of which were! Later, schools were directly divided into two categories, one was the school and the other was the vocational school.
Even for officials, they must be divided into "officials" and "officials". Officials should use general scholars, while officials are experts familiar with business to deal with crimes, lawsuits, money, quantity, military, service, labor, and disasters (this was true in ancient times, now, and foreign countries are the same).
Only when a gentleman who has escaped the shackles of royal power, career and technology can he return to a state of freedom and be consistent with the nature of knowledge. Therefore, he is broad-minded and free, and he is not as diligent and hard-working as an expert, and his mental state is not dedicated to each other.
Because it has no professional boundaries and needs to explore everything, it is often referred to by professionals as cross-border, saying that it has stepped on other people's territory. However, knowledge is the public instrument of the world, who is the territory? History can only be discussed by people who study in the history department, philosophy can only be thought by people who study in the philosophy department, and physics can not study literature. Is it absurd?
As mentioned earlier, one of the so-called professionalism is monopoly, so I have a sense of territory and am afraid that others will come to grab jobs. The second of
is to show its "professionality", and requires some special techniques (that is, their slander: professional terms, expression format, journal level).
The third is a brainwashing of professional spirit, making people willing to spend their whole life for it. What is "there is a path for books and the sea of knowledge is endless, the boat is hard to work hard", "the bench has been cold for ten years", "the whole year of exploring the classics" and "the ten years of hard work" are all.
Little do you know that professional slander and incisions can be learned once you learn it, which is far less complicated than the code words of the Tiandihui Hongmen. Are there any other knowledge-based professional thresholds? No. Even if there is, it is very low. The knowledge level of first and second grades of university can be fully coped with.
Because in fact, the so-called academic research we are now called is a large number of professors taking on jobs and graduate students are responsible for completing it, so their level basically does not exceed the ability of master students. "Research" is just like this, and the threshold can be seen.
Moreover, the threshold for knowledge is just talent. For example, people with incomplete tone can hard work to learn music, people with no sense of direction are not good at reading maps, and people with pollen allergies are not suitable for gardening. What other thresholds are there? Only by having the basic ability of listening, speaking, reading, writing and thinking, all the barriers of majors will be immediately broken.
Modern Liang Qichao , Chapter Taiyan , Wang Guowei , Liu Shipei , freely converts in different disciplines, such as cisco, classics, history, philology, Buddhism, and various Western philosophical and sociological schools, and there is almost no excessive time in the middle. Isn’t it an obvious example? They are a generation that has not been destroyed by modern industrialized professional education, so they still retain the traditional erudite attitude and methods of scholars, and are completely unlimited by their majors. Who dares to say that people who claim to be professionals are "perfect in everything and relax in everything"?
On the other hand, Broadcom people sometimes do not wander among different professions, but show their synthesis and Broadcom at one point. Like what major is the author of "Dream of Red Mansions"? None of them are, they integrate countless professions and add them to this novel, so astronomy, fortune-telling, things, humanities, Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism are all-encompassing. Later, various Redologists touched the blind elephant from various professional angles and kept thinking about it.
From a professional perspective, these people and these situations are difficult to understand.
They may want to do this, but they can't do it. As soon as I raised my feet, I felt that there were barriers everywhere. I had to pay close attention to my loofahs, and I also had to pay attention not to step on the radish next door. Of course, thorns were everywhere. Lao Wang sold melons and treasured them by himself. He even had no time to pay attention to winter watermelon, watermelon, pumpkin, and northern watermelon, let alone the world and the variety of categories. So they all say that talent and time are limited, and they cannot be overflowing, and they can only keep a close eye on each yard.
This certainly cannot do a big deal. The little crucian carp was dizzy when they arrived at the sea. They didn't know that there were other methods for learning to be knowledgeable. They were not allowed to be used by those tricks that could move around in the stream.
Gestalt psychology, which was prosperous in the mid-20th century, has long said: If you want to understand experience and behavior, you should look at it from the whole. The whole is not the sum of the parts. On the contrary, the various parts of the whole are determined by the internal structure and nature of the whole. The "partial viewpoint" that professionals are used to and the practice of collaging parts is simply out of date and incomprehensible. It will be as Mencius said in : "A merely a person will be wrong if he is inch by one."
From a scientific perspective, there are no such areas, barriers and thorns. Sometimes the Kunpeng is thousands of miles away, sometimes a gourd falls, sometimes the health master is the emperor, and sometimes the spirit interacts with the universe and the earth. I feel that the division between Confucianism, Taoism, fame, law, agriculture, Mo, and Yin and Yang schools is still redundant, and it divides the entire knowledge into great use.
At this time, are the examples experts, technicians, craftsmen, or Confucius who is "learning but not famous" and Lao Tzu who is "the vast and powerful person of ancient times"?
Of course, the world needs craftsmen, and our lives cannot be separated from craftsmen. It is a matter of undesirable for craftsmen to pass on their skills and give full play to their professionalism.
But everything has its own share. Scholars do not learn from Confucius, sages and gentlemen, and do not care about the difference between professional degrees and academic degrees, and do not know the trend of the times. They regard themselves as craftsmen, are they self-absorbed and arrogant. Isn’t it ridiculous to think about themselves, be self-absorbed and arrogant? In order to defend his poor self-esteem, he also fabricated many lies that oppose Broadcom and think that Broadcom is impossible to do, and that others are all liars. It is even more tragic to deceive others and yourself.
changes its course and welcomes the new trend of the 21st century with the resurgence of Broadcom. Tao Yuanming said it well: "Understanding the past and not admonishing, but knowing the future can be pursued. In fact, the road is not far away, and I realize that the present is right but yesterday is wrong."
In an era of specialization and prevalence, please maintain rational thinking on fundamental issues.
Gong Pengcheng
Gong Pengcheng, born in Taipei in 1956, is a doctor of Taiwan Normal University, and is a famous contemporary scholar and thinker. More than 150 books have been published.
has universities, publishing houses, magazines, academies, etc., and plans for urban construction, theme parks, etc. Lectures all over the world. He also held calligraphy exhibitions in Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Taipei, Paris, Macau and other places. He is currently the chairman of the Gong Pengcheng Foundation in the United States.
