. Introduction
Japanese donated masks and protective clothing and wrote some ancient poems on the packaging box, which were originally diplomatic rhetoric between countries.
Whether it is proposed or even written by Japanese staff or Chinese staff stationed in Japan, it ultimately depends on respect for China and Chinese culture.
Once this matter was spread, it was first used by netizens as "sighed that they were not as good as they were", lamenting that their country did not inherit Chinese traditional culture enough.
This is a good thing, just "know your shame and then you will be brave."
There are some people who are fond of things to discuss "the mountains and rivers are different, the wind and moon are the same" and "Come on China! Come on Wuhan!"
is very convincing, accusing this country of how it is about its culture.
This attitude is not a "good thing".
is a "good thing". hào
As mentioned earlier, the former is diplomatic rhetoric between countries, while the latter is propaganda, encouragement and mobilization of the country to the people.
These are two things and cannot be generalized.
However, this matter was commented by a commentator named Xiao of Changjiang Media. The two were discussed together and compared with the above and lower levels, and mentioned "Auschwitz" and so on, which was extremely stupid.
is simply a "bad thing".
was then attacked by a group, along with the slogans of the mass media, banners of township and community, and persuasion from the village radio.
also comes down to being uncultured, not understanding beauty or even having no humanistic care.
Of course, these debates did not spread to township communities, villages and alleys.
And some people have indeed "sent to death" because of dinner, "returning to the village with illness" and have become "unworthy descendants" because of "not wearing masks".
slogans, announcements, instructions, banners, and broadcasts are used to attract the attention of the group through concise and powerful statements, thereby guiding the public to point to specific goals and achieving functions such as mobilization, motivation and persuasion.
The different expressions are aimed at different groups of people, which is the minimum logic and common sense.
has different expressions as the degree of acceptance towards the people, which is the minimum logic and rule.
However, the formation and confirmation of logic, common sense and rules really need history to prove and time to consolidate.
2. "The Great Ming Tribulation"
Wang Jing Director's 2013 work "The Great Ming Tribulation" is a historical disaster subject and a half of the biography of Wu Youke .
Wu Youke wrote " Plague Theory ", which set a precedent for infectious diseases research in China. The story of the movie takes place in the fifteenth year of Chongzhen, that is, in 1642, when the plague was rampant, Zhili, Shandong, Zhejiang and other places were particularly serious. "There are more than a hundred families in one alley, but none of them are exempted, and dozens of people are left, and none of them survive."
plus Li Zicheng's uprising, and the Ming Dynasty was in danger.
Wu Youke diagnosed it through multiple methods, believing that this is not typhoid fever or wind-cold, but plague.
But the generals of the army did not believe it at first, and they were not allowed to rescue him until human-to-human transmission and camp transmission.
He told the generals of the city, "First of all, we must inform the people of the whole city that a great epidemic is coming; then it is to isolate patients to prevent human-to-human transmission; and it is to open windows to ventilate to prevent the accumulation of epidemic air."
Many years later, we can see this common sense in the middle school biology textbook "Infectious Diseases and Its Prevention". Three main measures to prevent infectious diseases:
control the source of infection, cut off the transmission route, and protect susceptible groups.
But this common sense didn't work at that time.
At that time, most people attribute the death of the epidemic to "ghosts, evil spirits, fates, demons, and disasters".
So the method adopted is to paste talismans, recite Buddhist scriptures, burn incense and pray, beg for mercy on the gods, hoping that they will exorcise the epidemic ghosts.
"Theory of Plague" was written in 1642, but it was not spread in the form of common sense.
1932, that is, 390 years later, cholera in Jining, Shandong was popular.
infection is very fast, fifty or sixty people die every day.
People began to believe the rumors in panic. Each family offered an egg with the words "The position of Zhang Tianshi" written on it, burning incense and praying every day.
Some people also use the pot bottom ash to make a semicircle in front of the gate, "to prevent the plague god from getting started."
The old lady in her eighties also wore red shoes, "Those who wear red shoes can avoid plague."
. Just before that, in 1905, Yuan Shikai explicitly ordered the abolition of "talisman cure" and the 1911 "Nine Punishment of Epidemic Prevention in the Capital" also prohibited the sale of talismans and epidemic prevention.
. 1911 plague
11 On November 9, 1910, the plague was transmitted from the Middle East Railway to Harbin through Manzhouli, and then a great plague swept across the Northeast.
The Qing government lacked emergency plans and the people's awareness of epidemic prevention was weak, which led to the increasing rampant epidemic.
In the end, this great plague lasted for more than half a year, sweeping over half of China and killing more than 60,000 people.
"The epidemic in Harbin begins, and the business people don't care."
It was not until dozens or hundreds of people died of infection every day, and the government took measures such as isolation and burning houses, that it was a little enlightened.
But some people still either boycott or "hide and refuse to report".
However, when they realized the seriousness, they were in the end of the year and the New Year holidays, both businessmen and hardworking people rushed to their hometowns.
"There are as many as 100,000 people scattered from it, and Dongqing Railway also set special tickets in the season to benefit pedestrians. Therefore, after the plague was discovered, residents were scattered, and the epidemic was also spread with people, spreading to all directions."
"The first method of epidemic prevention is to block traffic", that is, "cut off the transmission path".
soon, the Jingfeng, Dongqing and South Manchuria Railway was temporarily suspended.
Fengtian coastal areas are fully martial law, "defense and rescue are implemented, and water and land are carried out at the same time."
During the plague epidemic, the Qing court interfered in all aspects of public behavior, and the results were obvious.
Tieling Epidemic Prevention Center, "because the large number of people in the theater is the most likely to be infected with epidemics." The police department specially notified that the theater "ordered the theater to be temporarily suspended and the performance will be started after the epidemic is eliminated."
In order to take care of livelihood, the official also distributed Xiaoyang 42 yuan to five theaters every day, "investment allowance".
Changchun will provide subsidies to Zunban Theater.
1 January 31 (the second day of the first lunar month), the government will send 50 yuan of money to the children of Liyuan every day to make a living.
Changchun schools have suspended their school opening due to "the plague has not disappeared and the infection has inevitably occurred".
Jilin Police Bureau strictly denies tea gardens and prohibits opening of business, so as to show caution.
However, some people still don’t listen to advice.
I guess I didn’t see uncivilized propaganda banners in townships and communities that “return to the village with illness, unworthy descendants”, “Wishing New Year is to harm people, having dinner is to die”, “visiting each other is to kill each other, and gathering is to seek short-sightedness”.
1 After the infected person in Wuqing County escaped from the Fengtian quarantine site, he ran south to Tieling and died of the epidemic.
Tieling family was killed soon after the epidemic broke out, and nine men and women were "infected and died."
In addition, Tieling has more than 20,000 breathing capsules, which are required to be worn by those entering and leaving the city gates, and inspect them at any time. They are not convinced of the regulations, and "that is, they are considered as violating the police." After
someone traveled around and turned the breathing capsules he received for sale. After learning about it, the police station specially "covered with a stamp to prevent private sale."
In addition to blindly escaping and not listening to dissuasion, the people also strive to avoid quarantine.
After the outbreak of the Northeast Plague, Wuhan, a thoroughfare between the north and the south, implemented epidemic prevention. However, passengers from the north may be diagnosed with the epidemic and are isolated and treated. They are stations such as Xinyang, Queshan, and Guangshui, at the junction of Henan and Hubei, "get off the bus first and take a detour to come to Wuhan to avoid it."
There are a wave of people who don’t listen to advice, and there are also a wave of people who create and believe rumors.
Inaction even takes advantage of this person's confusion and seeks great profit.
"Show off his conjectures and create prescriptions to fulfill his plan to deceive the world and deceive others." "All fools and wives believe it as true, and they are not afraid of being in danger." They are willing to go to danger and put "all hygiene matters as the next picture."
Rumors sometimes spread faster than the epidemic. "There is no plague in Beijing yet", but "rumors are very fierce."
Some bizarre talks about "taking a trap and spreading medicine to harm Ji Wen" and "forcing a woman to bathe naked with a man" were reported.
There are also conspiracy theorists, "Recently, there are ignorant and ignorant people who have rumored rumors and acted indiscriminately, and falsely said that Japanese people hired people to spread medicine."
In plain words, some people believe that the plague is caused by the Japanese hiring people to spread poison.
This was severely accused in the issuance of the two departments of the Civil Affairs and Negotiation of Fengtian:
plague is prevalent, and all Chinese and foreign people are afraid. Japanese people also live in Fengtian, but are they not afraid of contagion?
If there are any more people who spread rumors and cause trouble, once they get it, they will definitely punish them heavily.
The epidemic is uncertain, unstable, spreads quickly, and dies a lot. Public opinion does not listen, can't persuade, and rumors are everywhere.
In this case, how should epidemic prevention publicity be done?
Henan Patrol Police Road commissioned personnel to rush to Tianjin to observe the epidemic prevention law, conduct on-site investigations, and bring back vernacular leaflet "return to Henan to imitate the arrangement".
In addition to setting up an epidemic prevention center and supervising patrol police to "door inspection", Changtu Prefecture also compiled a vernacular article on epidemic prevention in , "making people know how fearful the epidemic is."
Jilin Provincial Capital Autonomous Council is afraid that the people will not know about prevention, and ordered the speakers to "speak daily of personal epidemic prevention and local epidemic prevention measures", and distributed epidemic prevention vernacular list to the listeners.
At that time, the Chinese people's literacy rate was less than 10%, and the epidemic infection rules were not known to the public. In this case, it was difficult to popularize epidemic prevention knowledge.
1911 After the plague, various cities promoted vaccination of "plague avoidance".
Taking Tianjin as an example, the Health Bureau specially posted the "Tianjin Health Bureau's Notice of Persuading the Planting of Plagues to Avoid Plagues".
The first sentence of the opening sentence " is a vernacular talk in . It turns out that in November of the year, there was a kind of plague in Harbin outside the pass, which was very harmful. More than 100 people died in a day. Later, it gradually spread to Fengtian, and even many people died in Yongping Prefecture in the pass."
full text 605 words, earnestly said:
"Everyone has a life, think about it or not, how about it? I always think of a way to make it impossible to spread it, but there is no other way, it is the most appropriate one to plant plague-avoiding slurry on my left arm..."
"Everyone has a life, think about it or not, how about it? I always think of a way to make it impossible to spread it, but there is no other way, it is the most appropriate one to plant plague-avoiding slurry on my left arm..."
"This office sets an example, and has planted it myself. The fan and police officers in the bureau have planted it. uses vernacular notices and advice to . I hope that inside and outside the city, you all, young and old, advise to quickly avoid plague to prevent the spread of the epidemic. You must know that life can save your life first, and then you can compete for fame and fortune! Think about it, right? This office cannot be hoped for! Here is a special."
Later, the health department of the Republic of China also specially made the "Notice Management Measures", which Article 8 mentioned four precautions
. It must be shallow and obvious to use vernacular form to be understood by ordinary people.
2. You must use different colors to write and draw. Or use paper of different colors, or use patterns and laces to ensure bright and beautiful appearance. can encourage viewers to pay attention to .
3. It must be in line with the facts to be fascinating.
4. You must pay attention to trans, and should be vigilant against .
But these still fail to become common sense.
1918 plague in Shaanxi, cholera in Shanghai in 1919, and cholera in 1932, there were still phenomena of "hidden and not reporting", "publicly sending others" and "seeking gods and worshiping Buddhas".
However, during the Republic of China, due to the popularity of Western medicine, unlike in the past, people not only prayed to gods and plague kings, but also begged for Western medicine to avoid epidemics.
Some manufacturers have begun to use various means to sell their products to urban and rural residents.
foreign medicines "are increasing value, in a direct proportion to the expansion of the tiger epidemic." For example, each bottle of cholera vaccine has increased rapidly from 1 yuan to 10 yuan.
Not only that, some speculators also "slay the market with great success. For a time, the names of newly invented epidemic prevention drugs on the market were complicated, almost like mushrooms after a rain."
But these drugs are "inadequately treated, more than enough to provoke death."
1932 During the cholera pandemic in 1932, people sucked vaccines in Henan. Once the
vaccine was obtained, I thought it was an epidemic prevention potion and thought it was just drink it.
Finally, there is an article about "Epidemic Prevention Song" published by Li Yumin on " Grand Bulletin ".
This song is easy to understand, rhymes are catchy, easy to understand and accept. The first half of the story says that the epidemic is serious and thrilling :
Eat my blood, rot my intestines, penetrate the heart and the uterus and blindness, which invades the lungs and destroys the brain, and the medicine is ineffective and has no prescription. If it is too late, it will only take two or three days. If it is too fast, it will be difficult to complete the life. One family will commit this cigarette, and one market will commit this corpse.
At the end of the end, the national epidemic prevention was discussed, and the focus was on :
Our country has many people and a wide range of land. The four-ton compatriots are not false. In response to the government's call for epidemic prevention, everyone can prevent the epidemic carefully, but the bacteria will be extinct forever, and it is better to be immune to species without special epidemics. When the catastrophe is approaching, we should warn ourselves. Manpower can defeat nature. I will never give up my hard advice now. Don’t forget it. The scholars and farmers are aware of the farmer, and the workers tell the merchants that they will make a clear talk before and after tea and drink. Everyone will know this meaning, and the world will eliminate disasters.
The last, Hegel said, "The only lesson that humans learn from history is that humans have not learned any lesson from history" .
References:
Gu Yongqing's "About the Prevention of Modern Epidemic in China"
Tan Xiaoyan's "Prevention Policy in the Republic of China (1911-1937)"
Liu Anbing's "Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Shanghai during the Republic of China"
Chen Jiali's "Dissemination and Rheology: The Circulation of Western Health Knowledge in Modern China from the Perspective of Media (1840-1937)
