Introduction
2017-2018 winter and spring, abortion A and abortion B were also popular at the same time, with the intensity much higher than in previous years. The front-line clinical friends worked day and night, and they still felt scared when they recalled it. It’s the beginning of winter again, we roll up our sleeves, get vaccinated, protect ourselves and patients! Prepare for the flu !
Misunderstanding 1: I am very healthy, there is no need to get vaccinated, and getting sick can also improve immunity
Influenza virus Compared with common cold , it is not a small problem. People are generally susceptible to healthy people will also suffer, manifesting as symptoms such as high fever, headache, and general pain. is more serious than the common cold, it is highly contagious and harmful. The risk of complications such as viral pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia , respiratory failure, myocarditis, etc. will also increase. The idea of improving immunity by infecting influenza virus is likely to be more worthwhile.
Even if you have your own health, you must consider the people around you. If you have elderly people, children, or often go to public places and come into contact with weak and sick people, you may pass the influenza virus to others.
Misunderstanding 2: I have to catch a cold after getting the flu vaccine. It’s useless to get the vaccine
We need to analyze the specific situation. First of all, in addition to the influenza virus, there are many viruses that can also cause fever, cough, and other cold symptoms, such as rhinovirus, , adenovirus, coronavirus, etc. , we must first distinguish whether it is influenza or common cold.
Compared with the flu, the systemic symptoms of influenza are more serious, while the common cold sore throat , runny nose, cough, and sputum are more obvious.
Secondly, the protection rate after influenza vaccination is indeed not 100%, but if you get influenza after getting in , the clinical manifestations are often relatively mild. , and the chance of serious complications such as pneumonia is much smaller than that of not getting in the flu. What makes people most afraid of getting influenza is these serious complications.
Misunderstanding 3: Influenza virus mutates quickly, vaccine plan cannot keep up with changes
Seasonal influenza mainly occurs in winter, from October to March in the northern hemisphere, and from April to September in the southern hemisphere. Because the flu virus continues to mutate, the World Health Organization (WHO) has established the Global Influenza Monitoring and Response System (GISRS).
The Department of Infectious Diseases of Peking University Third Hospital is also a sentinel unit for influenza monitoring in China. It silently contributes to the national and even global influenza monitoring work every day. I feel a little proud and touched.
Every year, the vaccine recommended by the WHO includes 2 types of type A and 1-2 types of type B virus strains, most of which match the epidemic strains of that year. On February 22, WHO officially released the recommended components for the 2018-2019 Northern Hemisphere seasonal influenza vaccine.
- tetravalent vaccine contains four components: H1N1, H3N2, BV, and BY;
- trivalent vaccine contains three components: H1N1, H3N2, and BV.
Regarding the issue of virus mutation, research by Chinese scholars shows that when the vaccine strain does not exactly match the epidemic strain, it can still provide certain prevention and protection, and the vaccine still has certain efficacy. In the golden autumn of October, it is a good time to get vaccinated! So, who need to give priority to vaccination? What are the possible side effects of getting a flu vaccine?
Question 1: Can pregnant women get influenza vaccine?
Once pregnant women are infected with the influenza virus, the risk of developing severe influenza is high. Influenza vaccination is recommended at home and abroad. The "Technical Guidelines for the Application of Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in China (2014-2015)" (referred to as the "Guidelines"), clearly states that pregnant women should receive influenza vaccines at any stage of pregnancy. not only protects expectant mothers, but also prevents influenza in the short term after birth.
However, the Chinese instructions for some influenza vaccines have not been updated in time, which is inconsistent with the guidelines. Medical personnel and patients need to be fully informed and make prudent decisions.
Question 2: Are there any age restrictions for children to get vaccinated?
The lower age limit for influenza vaccination is 6 months. If you have a baby under half a year old in , caregivers and family members must be vaccinated with to prevent infection from being transmitted to the child.
For children aged 6 months to 5 years old, they are at high risk of influenza, and vaccination is preferred.
Question 3: Is it useful for the elderly to get vaccinated?
For elderly people over 60 years old, has the highest risk of death after suffering from influenza. is an important target group for influenza vaccination. Although studies have shown that vaccines may not be as effective as young people in the elderly, vaccines are still the most effective means to protect the elderly from influenza. In 2007, Beijing began to receive flu vaccines for elderly people aged ≥60 for free.
Question 4: Will people with weak and sickness be beaten?
Recommend patients with the following chronic underlying diseases as priority vaccination subjects:
respiratory diseases (asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema , other lung diseases);
heart disease (atherosclerotic heart disease, cardiomyopathy , chronic congestive heart failure, congenital heart disease);
neurodevelopmental disorders (cerebral palsy, muscle dystrophy, cognitive impairment);
Metabolic disease (diabetes);
Immune dysfunction (HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy, organ transplant patients with immunosuppressants, chronic corticosteroid treatment);
Chronic renal insufficiency treated with dialysis;
Chronic liver disease (especially cirrhosis);
pathological obesity;
hematologic system diseases (sickle cell anemia, thalassemia);
Adolescents who take aspirin for a long time (there is a risk of Reye’s syndrome after influenza)
Chronic diseases are not limited to this, but the above listed as "priority". patients with other chronic diseases can also be vaccinated according to their personal circumstances.
Question 5: Which special occupations should be given priority?
Medical staff is a priority group for influenza vaccination. It can not only protect itself and family members, but also protect patients and maintain the normal operation of medical services. Other occupations, such as nursing staff, teachers, and public places waiters, should also actively receive influenza vaccines.
Question 6: Who is not suitable for vaccination?
is not suitable for influenza vaccine for those who are allergic to eggs or any component of the vaccine. mild to moderate acute disease with or without fever, it is recommended to inoculate after the symptoms subside. Guillimbare syndrome occurs within 6 weeks after the last vaccination. It is not a contraindication, but special attention should be paid.
Question 7: What are the side effects of influenza vaccine?
The influenza vaccine approved for sale in my country was previously a trivalent influenza vaccine, and this year it was newly launched quadrivalent vaccine.
speed hairstyle hypersensitivity reactions can have systemic symptoms, such as urticaria, wheezing, mouth, tongue and throat edema, dyspnea, blood pressure, shock, etc., and may also have mild symptoms, such as redness in the eyes and hoarseness. It is rare to have systemic allergic reactions when vaccinated with influenza.
In short, influenza vaccine is the most effective way to prevent influenza. From the perspective of personal health, family health and group health, influenza vaccination is advocated. Of course, doctors also need guidance and vary from person to person.
text | Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Hospital Third Hospital Li Xiaoguang
edit | Sun Jing
