For a modern pig farm management, how to prevent and treat respiratory diseases has always been a management difficulty and a key point to improve the survival rate of pigs. In the statistics of the cause of death in a certain pig farm, deaths caused by respiratory diseases account for 30% of the pigs and more than 40 deaths of fattening pigs;
The appearance symptoms of respiratory diseases mainly include cough, wheezing, sneezing and runny nose, and once you hear the obvious proportion of pig coughs in the pig house exceeding more than 10%, the proportion of gasps and deaths in this pig herd will increase rapidly. If not properly controlled, it will quickly affect the pig herds in other neighboring buildings, causing greater economic losses to the pig farm!
Take this opportunity to share with you several of the most common respiratory diseases and related control methods in pig farms:
1, Mycoplasma pneumonia pneumonia:
is a contact, chronic and consumable respiratory infectious disease in pigs caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
① The main clinical symptoms of this disease: acute cases are mainly pulmonary edema and emphysema; subacute and chronic cases see "shrimp meat"-like consolidation in the lungs. Mycoplasma causes hyperplasia to frequently compress the bronchial, causing difficulty in bronchodilation. Each time I breathe, the effective gas exchange is reduced, which forces the pigs to increase their breathing frequency, and severe pigs will experience gasp. The growth rate of the onset pigs is slow, the feed utilization rate is low, and the fattening and feeding period is extended.
②Mechanism of disease and mixed infection: Mycoplasma gathers and adheres to bronchial, bronchiole and tracheal epithelial cells, first attaches to ciliary epithelial cells, and then gradually causes lesions and deaths in infected cells, resulting in damage or falling off of some cilia; due to Mycoplasma pneumonia infection, the cilia shortens and decreases, and the normal swing function of cilia is significantly reduced, so that alveolar secretion, air-derived fine dust and various pathogens cannot be eliminated, which opens a convenient door for secondary infection. In recent years, due to frequent infections with other pathogens such as blue ears and circoviruses, the difficulty of prevention, control and treatment has increased! Infection is more common at 6 to 10 weeks of age, and many pigs do not show obvious symptoms until 3 to 6 months of age.
③ Transmission pathway: mainly transmitted through respiratory airways. Bacteria pigs are the main source of infection of this disease. The pathogen is transmitted through aerosols or direct contact with respiratory secretions of sick pigs. During vertical transmission, the sows are transmitted to piglets to make the disease lasting in the pig's herd, and there are significant differences when the pig's resistance decreases or the population encounters emergency response, such as changes in management levels, seasons, ventilation conditions, pig density and other environmental factors.
④ Prevention: Immunity is divided into two types according to its nature: active immunity and passive immunity. Passive immunity refers to piglets obtaining targeted antibodies from breast milk. If a sow has been vaccinated or has been naturally infected, its colostrum contains specific antibodies, and piglets can obtain maternal antibodies by just eating milk; but the protection of maternal antibodies is short-lived and has some degree of instability;
must be immunized before piglets are infected with Mycoplasma, and the induced immune protection effect will be very good, and the protection time will be long. Since it is impossible to predict when piglets will be infected, piglets should be vaccinated as soon as they are born. In addition, early immunization should consider whether the maternal antibodies will have adverse effects on the vaccine. Of course, choosing high-quality vaccines and formulating reasonable immunization procedures (such as two intramuscular injections at one or three weeks of age) is also crucial to the immune effect.
⑤ The treatment and commonly used antibiotics include tetracyclines, telocytin, lincomycin, temolycin, quinosterone (enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, etc.), but in general, the use of antibiotics will not prevent the occurrence of infection, and once the medication is stopped, the disease will soon recur. In addition, Mycoplasma swine pneumoniae has antibacterial properties against penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporin II, sulfamethacil, erythromycin, bamboodoriformin and polymyxin.
2. Swine flu (SI):
① Swine influenza is a highly contagious respiratory infectious disease of the pig. It is prone to disease in autumn and winter. Its characteristics are rapid onset, sudden fever and other symptoms of colds. If the corresponding measures are done well, recovery will occur as quickly as it occurs; at the beginning of the onset, the spirit is depressed, the appetite is reduced or the loss is lost, and often lie together, unwilling to move, difficulty breathing, severe coughing, and mucus flows out of the eyes and nose. The incidence is high, the mortality is low;
② Prevention: Inactivated pigs with swine flu adjuvant inoculation seedlings twice in a row, and the immunization period can reach 8 months.
③ Treatment: Mainly to control secondary infections, use appropriate amounts of antibiotics (such as frefenicol/amoxicillin) to drink water in the whole group, and use compound aminopyrin, penicillin and streptomycin intramuscular injection for pigs with severe disease. In addition, can be mixed with isatis root granules and Jingfang Feidu Powder or drinking water to antiviral and clear heat and detoxify;
3, pig infectious actinobacter pleuropneumoniae (APP):
① This bacteria is not strong to the outside world, and is prone to death under dry conditions. It is sensitive to commonly used disinfectants. It usually dies within 5 to 20 minutes at 60℃, and usually survives for 7 to 10 days at 4℃;
② Among them, pigs with 6 weeks to 6 months of age are more common, but 3 months of age pigs are most susceptible. The incidence of this disease is mostly the most acute type or acute type of disease course and dies rapidly. In acute outbreak pigs, the incidence and mortality rate are generally around 50%;
③ Acute: sudden onset, no clinical symptoms appear suddenly and suddenly die. The body temperature of the sick pig reaches 41.5℃, is burned out and anorexia, and later heart failure and circulation disorders occur, and cyanosis of the nose, ears, eyes and hindquarters. Before death, bloody foam flowed out from the mouth and nostrils. The skin is red, the spirit is depressed, unwilling to stand, anorexia, and does not like to drink water.
④Subacute and chronic: appears after the acute phase. The course of the disease is about 15 to 20 days. The sick pig has mild fever or no fever, and has spontaneous or intermittent cough to varying degrees, loss of appetite, and a decrease in meat-food ratio. Sick pigs don’t like to move and just barely get up while feeding. The symptoms of pig herds in the chronic stage are not obvious. If there is no other disease complication, it can generally recover on its own. This disease should be differentially diagnosed from pig pulmonary dysplasia and pig asthma. Pneumonia is common in pig pulmonary dysfunction, and there are bleeding points in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, serosa and lymph nodes; while the lesions of infectious pleuropneumonia are often limited to the lungs and the chest cavity.
⑤ Treatment: Adding an appropriate amount of sulfonamide drugs or antibiotics such as tycomycin, tycomycin, neomycin, lincolnmycin to the feed can control the onset of the pigs.
⑥ Epidemic prevention: There are commercially available inactivated vaccines at home and abroad for immunization of this disease. Generally, it is exempted from the first time at 5 to 8 weeks, and two after 2 to 3 weeks. The sows were immunized 4 weeks before delivery. Inactivated vaccines made from major domestic epidemic strains and this isolates can be used to prevent this disease and have better results.
4, Pig Reproduction and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS):
① is a typical immunosuppressive disease, often mixed with secondary infections of other pathogens; the infection pathway is mainly transmitted through the digestive tract and respiratory tract, and can also be transmitted through the reproductive system. The disease has strong transmission power. Once the infection can spread rapidly, and the hidden infection increases after epidemic situation, the symptoms are reduced, which is the result of the decrease in virulence and the increase in pig resistance, and it is in the external circle. The disease is prone to illness when the environment changes;
② Acute infection mainly involves loss of appetite, fever and difficulty breathing, many sows are born prematurely, suckling piglets are infected with the whole nest, asthma is crowded, and then they die of weight loss; conservation pigs often appear in the late stage of epidemic, and after weaning, there is anorexia, difficulty breathing and diarrhea and loss of diarrhea, and high mortality rate. Surviving pigs are prone to become stagnant pigs;
③ Epidemic prevention: In epidemic prevention, inactivated oil adjuvant vaccine can be used to immunize reserve sows and pregnant sows, and conduct two intramuscular injections (intervals) of basic immunity (intervals) 21 days), strengthen immunization is carried out once during the lactation period. Each sow or pig breeding can be vaccinated with attenuated vaccine. After one vaccination, immunity can be produced within 7 days, and the immunity period can be more than 4 months.Attenuated vaccines are not allowed to be used in breeding pigs, but when the herds are facing the epidemic threat of PRRSV, all pregnant and primary sows are susceptible to them, which may cause reproductive disorders, it is necessary to consider immunization of sows!
④ Treatment: Mainly to control secondary infections, use appropriate amounts of antibiotics (such as frefenicol/temikocin) to drink water in the whole group, and use broad-spectrum antibiotics such as cefotif for intramuscular injections for severely ill pigs. In addition, Isatis root granules and Jingfang Biedu Powder can also be used to antiviral and clear heat and detoxify;
Due to space reasons, the above four types are summarized first about common respiratory diseases in pigs. Others such as pig polychondria (PmT), atrophic rhinitis (AR), etc. will continue to share with you in subsequent articles. Thank you for reading, and welcome to follow! !
