silage corn yield is the occurrence of pests and diseases. However, in the process of farmers planting silage corn, pests and diseases are a major difficulty and focus. It not only reduces the yield of silage corn, but also causes corn production to be completely eliminated. Silage corn is an annual herb of the Grape family. As the planting area of silage corn gradually expands, it is becoming increasingly difficult to increase the yield of silage corn and ensure its high quality. Therefore, it is very important and indispensable to do a good job in pest control. Based on this, according to the pathogenesis and characteristics of pests and diseases, targeted prevention and control measures can be used to improve the yield of silage corn and ensure the quality of silage corn.
Silage corn is the main raw material of silage, has the characteristics of high yield and rich nutrition, and is good palatability. It is an important feed resource for the animal husbandry industry. Due to the rapid development of animal husbandry, the demand for feed has gradually increased, and the production requirements for silage corn have also been increased accordingly. In the actual planting process of silage corn, the occurrence of pests and diseases seriously affects its healthy growth, and thus affects the yield of silage corn. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the pest control technology of silage corn and take effective technical measures to achieve the goal of efficient and high yield of silage corn.
1, rust
Rust is divided into two types: ordinary type and southern type. lesions will first appear on the leaves, which will then affect the buds and leaf sheaths, but the probability of lesions will appear is lower than that of the leaves. Ordinary rust usually appears under the epidermis of the leaves, and brown powdery spores appear after the leaves are damaged; the spores of southern rust are golden and round, and are first produced on the epidermis of the foliar surface. The possibility of rust infection in the early stage is high, and the middle and late stages is sudden. prevention and control method: uses 450 times clove oil to spray the entire plant of silage corn, and the prevention success rate can reach 65%. If silage corn has rust, 1 500 times 30% triazolone wettable powder, 500 times 70% 1 1 1000 times 30% powder rust-normal wettable powder can be used. It can be cured after spraying for about 3 sprays.
2, coal pattern disease
coal pattern disease is also called corn large spot disease . The leaves appear as striped spots in the early stage of the onset of the disease, gradually expanding into hammer-shaped spots. If the temperature is higher, it will turn into black moldy substances, and the speed will be accelerated. The ambient temperature in winter and summer is not suitable for the growth of coal striatum disease, so the probability of the disease is relatively small. prevention and control method: spray 350 times clove oil, the success rate can reach 70%. During the period of silage corn, 450 times 80% mancozeb wettable powder or 600 times 40% carbendol wettable powder can be sprayed, 1 time for 7 days, a total of 3 times.
3, Corn silk black sputum
After this disease occurs, the silage corn ears show a pack of black powder substance, and the name "black rice" comes from this. The consequence of corn sputum is that it cannot produce seeds normally, which seriously affects the yield of silage corn. The causes of corn smut are mostly in the growth process of silage corn. The deformation characteristics of stamens are affected by the male flowers, resulting in the shortening of the ears and the male flowers, which are enlarged and deformed, making the ears appear as a pack of black powder or scattered silky substances, and the ears cannot bear fruit, which greatly reduces the yield of silage corn.
Prevention and control methods: ① Select the disease-resistant and pest-resistant variety . When purchasing, read the product instructions carefully, pay attention to disease resistance indicators, and choose varieties labeled with smut resistance. ② Seed agent or seed coated pre-sowed . The seeds are coated with Syngenta's seed coat agent or coated with seed coat agent containing g of Budweiser , tetrazolin , and pyrrhizine. Medicinal seed mix: 45% rust or 45% wormwood, mix 230 to 360 g of medicine per 100 kg of seeds. ③Sow in advance. During sowing, the temperature covered by the plastic film should be stable at above 13°C. Only by preparing land and maintaining moisture, reducing the appearance of bacteria, helping seeds to germinate and unearth quickly, can we ensure the quality of sowing. ④ The diseased plant was removed during the seedling stage. Pay attention to the occurrence and symptoms of the plant during the seedling stage. Once discovered, remove the diseased plant in time to avoid infecting other plants, causing large areas of corn seedlings to get sick. ⑤ rotation.Sowing sowing is adopted to delay sowing and develop the peak period of disease.
4, corn cystosomiasis
corn cystosomiasis is also called "drooping hair seedlings" or "old man seedlings". It seriously reduces the yield of silage corn when it occurs. However, data in recent years show that the incidence of corn cystosomiasis has increased instead of falling, and the upward trend is relatively obvious. Therefore, the prevention and control of corn cystosomiasis has been increasingly valued by farmers, thereby ensuring the efficient and high yield of grain crops. Underground pest is the main cause of corn cystosomiasis. The symptoms are mainly manifested in the appearance of black roots, stripes on corn leaves, and irregularly shaped deformed seedlings such as "drooping breeze seedlings" or "old man seedlings". Once symptoms appear in silage corn, it is difficult to cure, and most corn cannot grow and strengthen. However, in the early stages of the disease, Phytophthora or mancocoeliformin can be sprayed with streptomycin to reduce the damage, but the effect may not be ideal.
Prevention and control methods: ① Take the ground and roll it up before sowing to prevent underground pests from harming, thereby reducing the possibility of infection with bacteria. ② Spray synthrin or octothion pesticides once before the intercrossing and sedimentation of corn. ③ Adopting pest-resistant varieties, sowing timely, applying farm fertilizers, and doing good crop rotation can also reduce the damage. ④ Do a good job in autumn turn , guide birds and other natural enemies to eat some insect bodies or freeze some pests to death. In short, with the continuous expansion of the planting area of silage corn, the prevention and control of diseases and pests and diseases cannot be ignored, and it is very important to the yield of silage corn. Based on this, we need to face the prevention and control of pests and diseases with a positive attitude to reduce the incidence of pests and diseases in silage corn, ensure the healthy growth of silage corn, and increase the yield of silage corn.
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