real primary school students in the " Tangram " competition
" Tangram trolls", also known as "puzzle map", "smart board" and "oriental magic board". It is of great help to develop the intelligence of primary and secondary school students and is one of the favorite toys for primary and secondary school students. In the 18th century, the tangram was introduced abroad and immediately attracted great interest. Some foreigners played it all night long and called it "Tangtu", which means "a puzzle from China". Joseph Needham called it "the oldest pastime in the East." Famous people such as Napoleon Bonaparte, Adam, Durey, Allan Potter and Carroll are all fans of it.
The development of "tangram" has gone through three stages: "( Northern Song ) Yan Jitu → (Ming Dynasty) Butterfly Wings → (early Qing Dynasty) Tangram".
"Yan Ji" means a table table for greeting guests for banquets. The developer of "Yanjitu" is Huang Bosi, a native of Shaowu in the Northern Song Dynasty. He first designed six rectangular tables, which can adjust the position appropriately according to the number of guests during the banquet, and then added a small table. The seven tables and tables will be put together and will become a large rectangle, which can be changed infinitely in a separate combination. This is almost the same as modern tangrams.
Lu Yitian of the Qing Dynasty said in "Lenglu Miscellaneous Consciousness": "The Song Dynasty Huang Bosi's Banquet Casts are made from square tables, with seven square tables, and long sections, which are divided into twenty-five bodies, and become sixty-eight names. The Ming Dynasty's Yan Butterfly Casts are also adapted to the system, using the shape of Pythagoreans to make triangles morphs, like butterfly wings. The three forms of the form, six, and tens of them have three, and the changes are more than one hundred. Recently, there are seven clever figures, five forms, and seven forms of the number, and the changes are as many as more than a thousand. The body and objects are changed at will, and it is a tool for games, which is enough to eliminate dullness and silence, so the world likes it."
Huang Bosi (1079-1118), a native of Shaowu, Fujian, was a Jinshi of the Northern Song Dynasty. His courtesy name was Changrui, and his other courtesy name was Xiaobin and his nickname was Yunlinzi. He was the grandson of the Grand Secretary of the imperial court, Huang Lu . He was an important philologist, calligrapher, and calligrapher theorist in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Volume 202 of "History of the Song Dynasty" contains Huang Bosi's life and deeds. (Huang Shaohui)
Attachment: Deeds of Huang Bosi (selected from "History of the Song Dynasty" Volume 202)
Huang Bosi, whose courtesy name was Changrui, moved to Fujian from Gushi, Guangzhou and was a native of Shaowu. Zu Lu, Grand Secretary of the Zizheng Hall. My father responded to his request and Raozhou Silu. Bo Si is weak, as if she is unable to wear clothes, her charm is sprinkled and she is floating and she has the will of a glorious cloud. I have been alert since childhood and it is difficult to do it. I recite more than a thousand words a day. Whenever I listen to Lu’s lectures on the scriptures and history, I give in to his son’s words, without any mistakes. I once dreamed that peacocks gathered in the courtyard, and I felt it and wrote it, and the poems were very beautiful. He is a false servant to perform his duties. As soon as he was admitted to the Imperial Academy, his school art has often occupied the upper reaches. Lu was about to report to increase his orders with kindness, but Bo Si gave up, and Lu became even more amazing. In the third year of Yuanfu, he was promoted to the judicial office of Cizhou to join the army. He was not in office for a long time and was transferred to Tongzhou Sihu. The internal difficulties were met, and the Henan Prefecture household Cao joined the army, and the management of drama was done without any effort. After the rank is full, Deng Xunwu left behind and Pizhi Right Army Patrol.
Bo Si likes ancient Chinese and strange characters, and he knows the art of Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han Yi in Luoxia Gong and Gongqing family. He studies the system of calligraphy and painting, and can distinguish right from wrong. He tells the root of the art and the end of the book. Therefore, he discusses all the characters and books with famous ancient Chinese artists. At first, Chunhua Zhongbo sought ancient calligraphy and ordered King Shuozhao to write the calligraphy . Bo Si was confused about the misunderstanding and complexity, and all of them were based on the citation of the books. He wrote two volumes of "Journal of the Issue". Therefore, seal, clerical, regular, running, cursive, clerical, and flying white are all very wonderful. Most of the people who get their letters are hidden. In the next two years, in addition to the detailed definition of the editorial officers of the "Nine Domain Tuzhi" and the review of the text of the "Six Dictionaries", the Beijing rank was changed. Looking for the supervisor of the Empress Dowager Chongen's Yuanmausoleum Office and in charge of the memorials. He was promoted to the court for his compilation of books and was promoted to the Secretariat proofreader . Soon after, he was moved to Secretary. Looking at the books collected by the palace, I forgot to sleep and eat, and I have been very particular about the theory of "Six Classics" and historical books of all dynasties, various schools of thought, Tianguan , geography, calendar, divination and theory. All the edicts explain the classics and cultural relics of the previous life and the collection of ancient artifacts to determine the authenticity and fakeness, which is mostly based on simple studies and knowledge, and the public opinion on inventions. The officials of the museum thought it was not as good as possible. After the exam, the test was over, and the difficulty of the family was too difficult, and the weakness of the last few days was even worse. Obey and restore the old job.
Bosi is quite good at Taoism, calling himself Yunlinzi, and his other name is Xiaobin. When he arrived in the capital, the dreamer told me, "I have not been in the world for a long time. God has the order to teach Wenhan." He was awakened and wrote it. He died in the eighth year of Zhenghe at the age of 40. Bo Si admires Yang Xiong in his knowledge, admires Li Bai in his poetry, and admires Liu Zongyuan in his literature. There are fifty volumes of essays and one volume of "Yi Sao".
Translation:
Huang Bosi, whose courtesy name is Changrui, moved from Gushi, Guangzhou to Fujian and became a native of Shaowu. His grandfather was named Lu, and he served as the Grand Secretary of the Secretariat Hall. His father's name was Yingqiu, and he served as the Raozhou Silu. Bosi was weak and seemed to be unable to wear clothes, but he was free and easy, and he was as fluttering as if he had ambitions. I have been smart since I was a child and don’t like to play. I read more than a thousand sentences every day. Every time I listen to my grandfather preaching the scriptures and history, I talk to other children after I come back, without any mistakes. I once dreamed that peacocks gathered in the yard and woke up and wrote a poem about it. The lyrics were very gorgeous. He was appointed as a fake Chengwulang because of his grandfather. As soon as he became an adult, he entered the Imperial Academy and ranked among the top in his grades. With the grace of his grandfather, he submitted a memorial to the court to give Huang Bosi a raise, but Bosi refused firmly, and his grandfather was even more surprised by him. In the third year of Yuanfu, he was promoted to the position of the Jinshi and transferred to the position of the Judicial Army of Cizhou. He did not take up his post for a long time and was changed to the position of the Sihu of Tongzhou. My father was mourning to death. After the mourning period expired, he served as the military officer of the Henan Prefecture House and completed his work easily. After his term of office expired, he served as the patrol patrol of Deng Xunwu Pizhi.
Bosi likes the ancient characters, Luoyang The signs of the Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han Yi utensils in the area of Gong and nobles, and study the style of calligraphy and painting, and can distinguish right from wrong, and tell the root cause. Therefore, he became a famous master with his knowledge of ancient literature, and was proficient in all calligraphy and calligraphy and painting. At the beginning, during the Chunhua period, the emperor searched for ancient calligraphy everywhere and ordered King Guanzhao to continue to revise the calligraphy. Huang Bosi believed that the calligraphy was wrong, forged and messy, so he verified the citation of the books, which had basis for writing it into the second volume of "Jianwu". Therefore, calligraphy such as seal, clerical, regular, running, cursive, clerical, clerical, and flying white are all very wonderful. Most people who have obtained Bosi's works will collect them. After two years, he served as the editor of the "Nine Domain Tuzhi" in detail and also served as the review text of the "Six Dictionaries" and was changed to the position of Beijing rank. Soon, he supervised the Empress Dowager Chongen's Yuanmausoleum Office and was in charge of the memorials and other matters. He came to edit the book and was promoted to the dynasty, and was promoted to the proofreader of the Secretariat. Soon after, he was promoted to Secretary. After watching all the books in the Book of the House, I have been proficient in the theory of divination from the Six Classics to the historical books of history, various schools of thought, heavenly officials, geography, and divination. All the previous life's rules and cultural relics and collections of ancient artifacts mentioned in the edict were famous all over the world based on their knowledge and had many profound insights. The ministers in the museum believed that they were not as good as him. Later, he mourned his grandfather because he was always weak and he was even more tired when he was mourning. After the mourning period expires, he will be reinstated as an old position.
Bosi likes Taoism very much, calling himself Yunlinzi and his other name is Xiaobin. After arriving in the capital, he dreamed that someone told him that you have been in the world for a short time and that God has the will to let him serve as Diansi Wenhan. After waking up, he wrote down this matter. In less than a month, he died in the eighth year of Zhenghe at the age of forty. Bo Si admires Yang Xiong in his knowledge, Li Bai in his poetry, and Liu Zongyuan in his writing. He has written fifty volumes of essays and one volume of "Yi Sao". (The author is the chairman of the Citizen League)
[Link]
Tangram is an ancient traditional Chinese intellectual toy. As the name suggests, it is composed of seven boards. These seven boards can be made into many figures (more than 1,600 types), such as triangles, parallelograms, irregular polygons. Players can also spell them into various characters, images, animals, bridges, houses, towers, etc., or some Chinese and English letters. Tangram was an invention of the working people in ancient China. Its history can be traced back to at least the first century BC and was basically established in the Ming Dynasty. It was widely circulated among the Chinese people in the Ming and Qing dynasties. In Volume 1 of Lu Yitian of the Qing Dynasty, it was written that there are seven clever pictures recently, with five styles and seven numbers, and the changes are as many as more than a thousand. The body and object are changed at will, and it is a game tool that can eliminate dullness and silence, so the world likes it. In the 18th century, tangrams spread abroad. Joseph Needham said it is one of the oldest pastimes in the East, and there is still a "Qianjie New Book" in the library of the University of Cambridge in the UK.
Source: Shaowu News Network
