In 1962, the Sino-Indian border war broke out. At the cost of 2,400 casualties, our army won a major victory in annihilation of three Indian brigades, severely damaged three brigades, capturing Brigade General Dalvi, the commander of the 7th Brigade of the Indian Army, and killing Brigade Commander of the 62nd Brigade Brigade General Singh. At the same time, more than 300 artillery pieces, 5 aircraft, 10 tanks and more than 400 cars were seized.
Surprisingly, after achieving such a brilliant victory, our army did not actively pursue the expansion of the results, but immediately released the prisoners and packaged the military supplies seized in the battle and returned them to India. It is worth mentioning that when our army returned Indian military vehicles, it also filled all the vehicles with oil, and some vehicles even painted them with fresh paint. This behavior that violates the normal state of war has caused many people to be puzzled? Logistically speaking, our army is backed by the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and it is not easy to supply, and these combat materials can just supplement our army's needs. But why did our army achieve this? This act of violating the normal state of war has caused many people to be puzzled. Is the Chinese army "poor and generous"?
Of course this is not the case. An old saying goes: "The strong show him that he is weak, and the weak show him that he is strong." Our army's behavior seems to be showing weakness, but in fact it is showing its strength.
1. "Sound Confidence" India
Since the founding of India, it has always had ambitions for Chinese territory. Driven by the consciousness of a great power, India has been obstructing the peaceful liberation of Tibet since 1950. At the same time, India has also introduced a "forward policy", constantly advancing to our side, eroding our territory, and establishing many outposts and strongholds.
1951, the Indian army even crossed the illegal McMahon Line and occupied more than 2,000 square kilometers of our country's territory. Not only that, the Indian army has also always claimed that the Aksai Chin area controlled by our country is India's territory, so they repeatedly asked our army to withdraw from the place.
The Indian nation has a unique personality, that is, confusing self-confidence. Especially before the outbreak of the Sino-Indian War, the Indian government and the opposition had always been very confident on the border issue and always adhered to a tough point of view.
Military point of view, the Indians have always claimed that one Indian soldier can withstand ten Chinese soldiers. In 1951, India sent observers in North Korea to witness the brave performance of the volunteer army's attack on the US military. So he immediately changed his words: an Indian soldier "can only" deal with six Chinese soldiers.
In my opinion, there are several main reasons why Indians are so confident in military affairs:
First of all, India was a British colony. Indians have been a minion army for a long time and followed the British Empire to fight south and north, which naturally also includes China. Whether it was the two Opium Wars or the Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China , the Indian army had defeated the corrupt and incompetent Qing army many times, and even entered the Beijing City . Although the new China was founded, in the eyes of Indians, China has always been the sick man in East Asia, and therefore has always maintained a sense of superiority to the Chinese military.
Secondly, objectively speaking, the Indian army does have a troops that can be used to fighting, including many ace troops that have participated in World War II . In the battlefields of North Africa, Southern Europe and Southeast Asia, the Indian army has shown that it has claimed to be a powerful army that has fought all over Europe, Asia and Africa.
Finally, the Indian army did take some advantage in foreign wars. For example, in the war against Pakistan , the Indian army always had the advantage. In 1961, the Indian army liberated Goa, which was occupied by the Portuguese colonists, and for the first time defeated the Europeans alone (although Portugal was already dead). From then on, India's national confidence was overwhelming, and Nehru even claimed that India could defeat the joint attack between Pakistan and China alone.
Just like that, Indian soldiers are becoming more and more inflated, Indian Prime Minister Nehru is becoming more and more confident. At that time, Nehru was "a thrilling horse's hooves" because he was the initiator of the Bandung Conference, the initiator and main leading country of the Non-Aligned Movement, and had a great reputation in the Third World.
In order to win over India, the United States and the Soviet Union spent a lot of money. Americans praised India as a "window of Western democracy and freedom." The Soviet Union's deteriorated relations with China after 1958, so it turned to support India.In August 1959, when India provoked the first armed conflict on the border, the Soviet TASS said that not only did not condemn India, which was armed and provoked, but instead cursed our country, which belongs to the socialist camp. Soon after, the Soviet Union also promised to provide arms to India with more than the above considerations. India not only did not restrain itself on the border issue, but instead became more and more aggressive, thinking that our country was weak and could be bullied, further strengthening India's aggression and expansion in Tibet.
Therefore, in the eyes of great men such as Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, the first thing to do to curb India's invasion is to dispel India's "confident self-confidence" and let Indians understand what it means to retreat from difficulties.
2. Mao Zedong: From holding on to not moving to cracking down on
In the face of India's aggressive offensive, Mao Zedong was not prepared to use force at the beginning. As the core of leadership who has experienced a long-term revolutionary struggle, Mao Zedong has always regarded national sovereignty and national dignity as his life. Of course, he will not be afraid of power, nor will he sell off national interests. But under the circumstances at that time, Mao Zedong had to maintain restraint. This is because since 1958, the international situation in China has become extremely bad.
From an international perspective, since the Korean War , my country has been hostile to the United States for a long time, and the United States has also imposed a long-term blockade on China; in 1959, China and the Soviet Union turned against each other because of the long-wave radio station and the joint fleet . The Soviet Union not only tore up all contracts to aid China, but also withdrew all experts in aid China, and the relationship between the two countries fell to freezing point.
my country's strategic focus at that time was on the eastern coast, that is, Chiang Kai-shek, who occupied Taiwan. The US-Chiang power was the top rival of our country. Relatively speaking, the China-India border is a secondary direction. Shortly after our country was founded, its national strength was limited, and it was difficult to be enemies with the two major powers (US and India).
At the same time, my country's relationship with India was not bad at the beginning. Both China and India are ancient civilizations with thousands of years of history. Although they are neighbors, they have almost never fought any wars. Once upon a time, India also served as a soundtrack between China and the West. Mao Zedong generally maintained a large degree of tolerance towards India, hoping that India would be lost and he would return.
However, as India's gains progress, Mao Zedong gradually realized that peace and tolerance did not influence Nehru, but instead encouraged his arrogance. Since you are so rebellious, don’t blame our country for being rude.
Huainanzi said: " The way to use troops is to show you soft and to welcome them with hardness, and to show you weak and to take advantage of them with strongness." It is translated as the way to use troops is to let the enemy see that you are tired and weak. When the enemy attacks, you will find that you are actually very powerful.
China has been paying attention to the dialectical method since ancient times. The real strong man is not anxious or irritable, but is as peaceful as water. In the face of the enemy's provocation, the strong's tolerance is actually accumulating the power of counterattack.
From a political perspective, the reason why Mao Zedong repeatedly tolerated and showed weakness was to avoid war and make India go back to its loss. But from a military perspective, Mao Zedong's showing weakness was also a miracle of military use. Mao Zedong pursued peace, but he was never afraid of war. While launching a peaceful offensive against India, it is also making a war layout.
Mao Zedong's showing of weakness was actually to paralyze the Indian army and prepare for the later "showing strength". On October 12, 1962, under the instructions of Nehru, 20,000 Indians launched a mobilization on our border from both east and west at the same time. The time for a counterattack has finally come.
On October 18, Mao Zedong held a meeting in Zhongnanhai. Facing the founding fathers, he talked freely:
"Over the years, we have taken many measures to seek a peaceful solution to the Sino-Indian border issue. India did not do it, deliberately provoking armed conflict, and it is becoming more and more intense. It is really too much to deceive people. Since Nehru has to fight, we can only accompany him. It is impolite to come but not go."
After making the decision to punish India, Mao Zedong asked Zhang Guohua, the commander of the Tibet Military Region:
"I heard that the Indian army still has some combat effectiveness. Can we win if we fight?"
Zhang Guohua, who had been guarding the border for a long time, naturally knew the two moves of the Indian army:
"You can win if you fight, please rest assured, we will definitely win if you fight. ”
In Zhang Guohua's view, the level of the Indian army is roughly equivalent to that of the general Kuomintang troops, far less than the main troops, and its combat effectiveness is limited. At the same time, Indian officers and soldiers are clearly divided, mostly officers are nobles, soldiers are all low castes, the upper class is pampered and the lower class is hungry, which can be said to be centrifugal.
At the same time, the Indian army is very afraid of hardship, is not good at long-distance marching, and lacks experience in plateau combat The comprehensive quality is extremely poor. The Chinese army will definitely not be able to do anything in a harsh area where they push themselves to others and cannot march in any way.
When advancing into China, the Indian army repeatedly violated the taboos of military strategists and only invested a large amount of troops on the front line, but the depth of troops is very empty, just like an egg shell. As long as it is broken, it will be like a nobody's land. The reason why the Indian army set up such a formation is because they believe Nehru's crazy words: "China will never dare to take action. "So, they want to occupy more of our country's land through this linear advancement.
The ridiculous formation, such a weak soldier, allows our army to better play the interlude and infiltration tactics they are good at. The People's Liberation Army, known as the world's strongest light infantry, is time to teach the arrogant Indians a lesson.
In front of the huge military map, Mao Zedong pointed to the Indian stronghold on the map, made a sweep gesture with his hands, and said confidently:
"Sweep it! "
3. Sweeping thousands of troops is like sweeping
At the meeting in Zhongnanhai, Zhang Guohua realized that if the war against India is not fought, it would be enough, and it would be painful to fight. Because our army's troops in Tibet are limited in number and logistics transportation is difficult, when formulating the combat plan, the superiors had the opinions to set the war goal to annihilate an enemy battalion. However, Zhang Guohua believed that annihilation of annihilation is not painful or itchy, and it is difficult to achieve the goal of stopping the war with war. Therefore, Zhang Guohua believes that to fight, he must annihilate an enemy brigade.
Zhang Guohua's ambition was praised and supported by Mao Zedong:
"Zhang Guohua is the front-line commander, let him fight! It’s hard to fight again! "
Back to Tibet, Zhang Guohua concentrated the three infantry regiments under the 419th unit, the 2nd regiment of the 11th Division, the Second Regiment of the Shannan Military Sub-district Infantry Regiment and the 308th Military Artillery Regiment, a total of 10,300.
According to the plan, our army will assault from both wings and conduct main assault on the left wing of the enemy. At the same time, we will detour to the side and adopt the tactics of dividing the enemy and annihilation of each. First, the Indian army in the Bodyguard Kjelang area, and then annihilated it from Dawang's Indian reinforcements.
At 7:30 on October 20, the war against India broke out in the eastern section of the gjielang Valley. Our army's 60 artillery fired more than 150 mortar shells in a row, instantly turning the Indian army's position into a sea of fire. Then our army's infantry launched a rapid assault on the enemy. In just two hours, the enemy's central position was broken by our army, and the enemy killed 282 people and more than 90 were captured. 60 people escaped.
Just as Daville, the commander of the 7th Brigade of the Indian Army, was dispatching troops and preparing to resist stubbornly, our army's main force detoured Zhang Duo, and attacked the brigade of the 7th Brigade like a divine weapon descending from the sky. In a short time, our army captured the brigade, and Daville fled in a hurry. The Indian army, which had lost its unified command, became a headless fly and quickly defeated.
During the escape, the Indian army was surprised to find that it was everywhere in the rear, on the left and right sides. Encountering the firepower of our army. Before this, they were used to fighting head-on position wars. They never dreamed that there was such an unreasonable way of fighting after a roundabout way in the world.
It turned out that our army had already bypassed the traffic line garrisoned by the Indian army, and passed through the snowfields and the airtight forests, and reached the rear of the enemy. After experiencing so many difficulties and obstacles in the Long March 6 of that year, the brave people's army did not stop.The Himalayas , which has a complex terrain and a harsh climate, cannot stump the heroic People's Liberation Army.
Just like that, the enemy fleeing backwards, while our army tightened its pockets and blocked the enemy everywhere. In the end, our army wiped out the 7th Brigade, and except for a few Indian troops escaped, all of them became prisoners of our army, from Daville to thousands of officers and soldiers.
The battle was so smooth that even Zhang Guohua couldn't believe it:
"I have been in the army for 33 years, and this is the first time that I can win easily."
The Indian army was really vulnerable, and our army quickly crossed the "McMahon Line" and liberated the important city of Dawang.
On the Western Front, our army launched a counterattack from the Aksaichi area. Our army concentrated its forces and pulled out the Indian strongholds one by one, killing the enemy and fleeing with their heads in their arms.
We won the initial victory, so we were ready to stop as soon as possible and strive for peace talks. On October 24, my country issued a statement proposing a peaceful resolution of the Sino-Indian border issue, and suggested that the armed forces of both sides retreat 20 kilometers from the Line of Actual Control to break away from contact.
However, Nehru was unwilling to fail, thinking that he was just careless and still had cards to play. Therefore, instead of withdrawing troops, they dispatched troops across the country, sent additional troops to the border, and transported weapons.
Since Nehru wants to fight, we will naturally accompany you. And this time, our army will completely dispel the Indians' courage.
4. The fight made the Indians frightened
Faced with the unrepentant Indian government, the second phase of the counterattack began immediately. This time, the Indian army invested more troops. However, the Indian commanders were still "competitive" as always. Along the Xishankou to Bondira, they formed a funny formation - the one-line snake formation.
On the defense line of more than 100 kilometers, India deployed 62, 65, 48 and 67 brigades in turn, totaling 12,000. It seems to have strong troops, but in fact it cannot be taken care of from beginning to end. There is a big gap between the troops. For our army, who is good at interspersing and detouring, it is simply a fat meat to deliver to the door.
Marshal Liu Bocheng was amused when he looked at the map: "This is a copper head, a copper head, a tin tail, a tight back, and a loose belly!" As long as you take multiple breakthroughs, you can divide and surround the enemy and defeat them one by one.
The reason why the enemy set up this "strange formation" is because the local natural conditions are too harsh and the altitude is very high. They still do not believe that our army has the ability to cross complex terrain, so they take it lightly. They believe that our army will only attack from the front along the traffic line. And this kind of judging others by oneself eventually led them to suffer a great loss.
Before the battle began, our army, under the guidance of a Tibetan, found a path between Dejongzon and Bondira - the Bailey Trail. Then the 11th Division organized a 1,500-person interspersed team. After 6 days and 5 nights of march, it crossed a peak of 4,870 meters, and set a wedge on the enemy's long snake formation like a divine weapon descending from the sky.
On November 18, our army's 55th Division attacked Xishankou, and 1,500 people from the 11th Division quickly followed and attacked the 62nd and 65th Brigades stationed in the local area from north to south. In a very short time, the two enemy brigades were defeated. Afterwards, our army quickly pursued the fleeing enemy, met the enemy's 48th Brigade, and then defeated the brigade in a short time.
Under the interweaving and attack of our army, more than 10,000 Indian troops were completely destroyed. Indian deserters were everywhere, and our army laid a net of heaven and earth, catching up with them. During the pursuit, our army fought many mythical battles.
is Duolong Bridge about 30 kilometers southeast of Bondira. Our army's 27 officers and soldiers blocked nearly 241 officers and soldiers here. Faced with a vast number of enemies, the regiment training staff officer Kant made an incredible decision:
"Encircle and annihilate the enemy for me."
Then, Shi Hongxin, deputy company commander of the 4th Company, Feng Changxi, and three others, brought 61 submachine guns and 2 semi-automatic rifles, and took the shortcut and inserted straight into the south of the bridge to block the Indian army's southwards; five people from the 4th Company's 3rd Company quickly deviated along the north mountainside to the main side of the Indian army, seized favorable terrain and cut off the enemy's retreat route; four people from the 4th Company's platoon attacked the Indian army from east to west along the right side of the highway; mortar platoon and heavy machine gun squad occupied the launching position near the battalion command post, delaying the Indian army's advance with firepower, supporting the battle of each squad (group)
With the support of artillery fire, our army attacked from all sides and immediately killed 35 Indian troops below the major. Seeing that there was no hope of breaking through, the enemy had to surrender to our army. In this battle, only 3 soldiers of our army were slightly injured.
to the 20th, India The army was basically destroyed, and many Indian soldiers fled into the mountains and forests, and military vehicles and tanks were thrown everywhere. The Eastern Front troops have approached the traditional customs line of the Sino-Indian border.
On the Western Front battlefield, the Xinjiang border defense forces completely cleared all the strongholds of the Indian army invaded and recovered a large area of territory. The Indian Himalayan Third Division hid in Leh, Dongdi and other places, like a frightened bird.
5. Show the enemy to be strong
Our army The more we fought, the smoother we fought, from the high-altitude areas to the plains. The temperature was getting higher and higher and the terrain became flatter. Many soldiers took off their cotton jackets and chased the enemy happily.
In contrast, India has become a frightened bird. Nehru announced that he would implement a scorched earth policy in Tespur, an important city in Assam, . Indian engineers laid explosives in factories, bridges, hospitals and other places, preparing to blow them up. The entire New Delhi The winds were in panic, people began to seize daily necessities, and the government organized personnel to build barricades everywhere, as if the end of the world was coming.
However, at this moment, our army voluntarily withdrew under Mao Zedong's order. The purpose of the Sino-Indian war was not to regain territory. Judging from the conditions at that time, the time to regain lost land was not ripe. Winter is about to enter, and heavy snow is about to be closed, which is very unfavorable for our army. Therefore, our army still has With the slightest power, he chose to withdraw his troops.
It can be said that the Sino-Indian War is actually a political war. Its strategic purpose is not to defeat India, but to promote peace with war, so that the Indian government and the opposition can understand that China is by no means weak to bully. Wanderingly invading Chinese territory is a price of death. And this is the intention of to show the enemy to strengthen .
In order to show the strength and ease of our army, our army will still The seized weapons and military vehicles were packed and returned to India. Among them, our army also filled the military vehicles with oil. This is by no means poor or purely to show leniency, but to demonstrate to India. The
filled with oil means that our army still has a considerable reserve of war. Our army withdraws not because we cannot fight, but because we don’t want to fight. If we really want to fight, we will still accompany us. It seems that we are showing weakness, but in fact, we are showing strength!
China The astonishing victory interrupted the rising popularity of India. This disastrous defeat left a long-lasting shadow on the Indian army. From then on, the Indian army's military expenditure remained high, which brought great burden to the national economy. Nehru, who was once proud, also died in depression two years later.
It can be said that this border counterattack not only defeated the enemy, but also beat the enemy hard and hurt the enemy, and fought for decades of peace on the border. It has to be said that the older generation of revolutionaries The decision is to make it smart.
htmlFor more than 0 years, although the Indian army has repeatedly provoked, crossed the border, and even wanted to start a war many times to avenge the previous shame. But at the moment when the war button is about to be pressed, the Indians will always retreat at the last moment. The 1962 defeat is so unforgettable!The strong men will never show their strength with anger and infinite violence. The longer we endure restraint, the more terrifying the future thunder wrath will be.
