Hello everyone, I learn from history.
For people today, real estate is a popular industry. House prices are getting higher and higher, buying houses is getting hotter and more and more house slaves are getting more and more. We often lament that it has changed over the past 20 years, but we don’t know that as early as the Song Dynasty, people in metropolitan cities had already faced the high housing prices and the government also had various corresponding regulatory policies.
There is a famous joke on the Internet: Wu Dalang of the Song Dynasty only sold cooked cakes, and he actually lived in a two-story street shop!
I have to say that the Song Dynasty was really a magical dynasty. Today I will talk to you about housing prices in the Song Dynasty. I hope you like it.
If you go to the Forbidden City today, you will find that Forbidden City is the center of Beijing City, which is the so-called first ring. With the Forbidden City as the center, it expands outward to the second ring, third ring, and all the way to the sixth ring and seventh ring.
However, the urban planning of the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty Lin'an is very magical. The palace is on Phoenix Mountain in the southern suburbs of Lin'an. The mountain feng shui shows the "dragon flying and phoenix dancing", which is very important for the psychological meaning of the Southern Song Dynasty that is in a corner. In another sense, the Southern Song royal family built the palace in the south of Lin'an City, in order to use Lin'an City as a barrier to resist the northern forces.
Under such circumstances, Lin'an formed a layout like " Nangong Beicheng, Houying Qiancheng ". The south is the imperial palace, the central government offices of the three provinces and six ministries are in the north, and further north are commercial facilities, residential residences, etc. This layout of is called " reverse riding dragon ".
The entire central and northern part of Lin'an City are commercial and residential areas. The rivers running through the north and south of Lin'an and the streets parallel to the rivers become the central axis of Lin'an. On both sides of the central axis are bustling streets, day and night, with the style of Shanghai and New York: " Street is buying and selling day and night, and there are three or four drums at night, and tourists are starting to sparsely. The bell rings at the fifth hour, and those who sell morning markets open shops again." Looking at the description of the prosperous scene, it is estimated that today's Nanjing Road and Chunxi Road can be compared with this commercial street in the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty.
has such a prosperous economy, and it is conceivable that the urbanization of the Song Dynasty was also very surprising. Due to economic development during the Song Dynasty, people flocked to the prosperous metropolis one after another. " The scholars and officials have made great achievements in the ridges and a noble family. They say that their fathers and ancestors are not living in their old houses, but many people have updated their houses... From villages to towns, and from towns to counties, there are also many people who have moved to towns.
According to data statistics, during the Xianchun period of the Southern Song Dynasty (1265-1274 AD), the number of residents in Lin'an increased to more than 1.24 million. Among the nine counties under Lin'an, the population of Qiantang and Renhe counties also reached as many as 400,000.
Everyone knows: once there are more people, the demand for housing will naturally be greater, so the entire Lin'an real estate market has risen rapidly, and housing prices have risen.
How active is real estate? Historical records: " There is no fixed trend in the rich and the poor, and there is no fixed owner of the land and houses. " means that land and real estate are being traded continuously; and how high are housing prices? Speaking of some famous officials of the Song Dynasty who we are familiar with, they all bowed for housing prices and saved money to buy houses in their lives. Some of them had not even bought them, which was comparable to our miserable house slaves today.
For example, Su Shi, I couldn't afford a house in my life, but my son bought a house after getting married and borrowed money from his younger brother. Su Zhe also sold his books before returning to his hometown to buy a house and wrote a poem " I have never had a house, and my son thought it was said to "; ("Five Residences and Four of Buying a House")
directly complained about the difficulty of buying a house. I, a person who has become a senior official in the Song Dynasty, can't afford it (cry out loud). Did my son feel my despair? Please cherish the house that your father has saved for thirty years.
Zhu Xi
Even the great scholar Zhu Xi at that time also complained: "And like the ancestors' dynasty, all officials had no house to live in, and even the priests were also renting houses."
With these house slaves, there were naturally businessmen who made a fortune in the spring breeze. Real estate in the Song Dynasty was mainly invested by wealthy families and officials, building houses and then renting them out, making a lot of money.Some officials use their power to seek personal gain and make a lot of money in the name of renting a house. There are also those who buy land and invest in renovation, such as Prime Minister Ding Wei . He bought a location that is not optimistic about by everyone and transformed the landscaping, which led to the development of a region, which was the freezer street at that time.
Since the housing prices in the Song Dynasty were already high enough to Han Yu Ouyang Xiu Su Shi and others could not afford it, it might be even more unfriendly to ordinary people. If the court did not take action to control it at this time, it would probably go straight to the Black Friday of the economic bubble. Therefore, the Song Dynasty government also introduced many relevant regulatory policies.
First of all, the Song Dynasty set up " Real Estate Department " called "building store business", and later it was changed to "store business", which means some government agencies specializing in real estate management, conduct unified supervision and planning, and are also responsible for matters such as house land valuation. With these institutions, the prices of land and houses have been well controlled and are no longer just rising. Whether it is an official or private transaction, it needs to be evaluated by the government. The government takes action to ensure that it is relatively open and fair, and writes relevant policies into the legal provisions to ensure the basic rights and interests of most people.
Seeing that real estate is so popular, the clever rulers quickly discovered a new good way to collect taxes. It is good to hide rich people. It is better to let the treasury be filled with the people so rich. So real estate tax came into being, which just gave the above-mentioned institutions a job: As long as it is for land and house trade, it must go to the relevant institutions to handle it, establish a contract, and pay the deed tax. and deed tax is also an official certificate, which can be used as evidence in the event of a dispute between the two parties.
House prices are so expensive, what should the small officials who work in Beijing do? Han Yu saved up for 30 years and bought a house. If he was just an ordinary small official in Beijing, he might not be able to buy a house in his entire life. Renting a house is also a huge expense. This is forcing people to take the high-speed rail to work. Therefore, the government provides public rental housing, officials and housing subsidies, so that these weak, pitiful and helpless civil servants can find a convenient residence near their workplace.
In addition, we are familiar with the intermediaries today also have been found in the Song Dynasty. At that time, it was called Zhuangzhaiyaya . It was qualified to work in the training and provides people with relevant information and guarantees for house purchase, sale and rental; the hot word " demolition " is also found in the Song Dynasty. House prices are quite high, and demolition of houses will definitely cause dissatisfaction. Therefore, there are also compensations for demolition. If it is a government acquisition, it will give local residents a certain amount of compensation; there are also purchase restrictions, etc., which are very similar to various elements in the current real estate market.
Demolition in the Song Dynasty was also a loss of money
It can be seen that real estate prosperity is very friendly to the economic pull and urbanization process. The government cooperates with corresponding institutions and policies to regulate it, which is also conducive to the healthy development of the industry. However, the implementation effect is also related to the national conditions at that time and cannot be compared with the present.
In short, the real estate industry in the Song Dynasty was prosperous, with high housing prices and complete supporting systems. There were already batches of house slaves plunging into the business of buying a house. Now we call ourselves house slaves, which can also be regarded as a sad story that has been present in the Song Dynasty.
Reference:
"Comparison of Urban Planning of Bianjing and Lin'an of the Northern Song Dynasty"
"Officials and Real Estate in the Song Dynasty"
"Follow the Recovery Picture to Travel Through Ancient Lin'an"
"Dongpo Zhilin"
"Zhu Zi Yule"
