text | Lin Wenying
Taoyuan, Taiwan will hold the "World Hakka Expo" in August next year. This is another major global Hakka event launched by Hong Kong in 1971 and has been increasingly prosperous. As the host city, Taoyuan City invited 12 counties and cities with the most concentrated Hakka counties and cities, including Shuangbei, Hsinchu , Miaoli, Taichung , Yunlin, etc. to participate.
Hakka is one of the four major ethnic groups in Taiwan. The population that recognizes Hakka people is more than five million, close to 20% of Taiwan's total population, second only to the "Fu Lao Group".
, the organizer participated in the planning, contacted the author, hoping to introduce the history of Hong Kong's Hakka and learn from some characteristics of the revitalization of the Hakka village in Hong Kong and the rejuvenation of folk culture.
Hakka has a long history of land cultivation and landing and taking root in Hong Kong. There are many Hakka villages in Hong Kong that can produce about five hundred years of genealogy as evidence, so the author has always held the view that "the Hakka people were first planted, and then the British colonized." Take the author's recent visit to Lianao Village, Tai Po, New Territories, where I accompanied the staff of the Antiquities and Monuments Office as an example. This village with a history of 430 years, and its ancestors came from Xingning, Guangdong.
Sai Kung Peninsula, known as the "Hong Kong Back Garden", has most of the places that have not yet been developed, and traditional Hakka villages are scattered. The reason was that the migration of Haifujie and Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement in the early Qing Dynasty changed the population structure here. In order to ban the " anti-Qing and restoring Ming ", the Qing court strengthened the walls and cleared the fields and forced the sea to move. By the eighth year of Kangxi (1669), the re-border of the border was restored, due to the decline of the population, the court took encouragement measures to promote the migration of the Hakka population (Hakka) to the coast of Xin'an. Since the Saigon Peninsula is not like Shangshui, and there have been strong families who have already entered the city of Yuen Long , many guest immigrants have attracted to set up camp here.
New TerritoriesThe five major tribes (Deng, Wen, Liao, Hou, Peng) were mostly settled in the New Territories in Song Dynasty (eight hundred years ago) with a long history and are naturally the owners of most of the land. If the Hakka people who entered Hong Kong at the end of the Song Dynasty were the first wave of immigration, it really made the New Territories a dominant place for Hakkas, and it was after the restoration of the territory in the early Qing Dynasty. At that time, a large number of Hakka people moved to the New Territories (including Saigon), and Hakka footprints could be seen everywhere. This also explains why before the British Empire separatisted Hong Kong, there were Hakka villages everywhere in the New Territories, and Hakka people accounted for as much as one-third of the population in Hong Kong.
According to the "Xin'an County Chronicle" published in 1819, there were more than 30 villages in Saigon area at that time, among which the "Guanfusiguan Guest Village" contains many villages in this district, such as Meng Gongwu , Jinglanshu, Shangyang, Yuhewan, Mayoutang, etc. In the mid-19th century, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement swept across South China, forcing more Hakkas to escape the war and come to Saigon, resulting in many Hakka villages. However, due to the many mountains and few fields, and the towering Fei'eshan and Dalaoshan , the transportation is inconvenient, so the original Hakka style is better preserved.
Hong Kong Hakka has a long history, and inheritance and conservation have become issues that must be faced. More and more people hiking in Hong Kong will inadvertently notice that many abandoned Hakka villages are quietly buried in the jungle shrubs, and there is a sigh of "there is no way to fall in the flowers."
It is gratifying that the author brings experts and scholars and Hakka culture enthusiasts to walk the most frequently with Shatoujiao lycheewoo, but it feels like the Hakka traditional pastoral pastoral lifestyle "like familiar swallows come back".
Another example worth learning from is the Hakka island Yantian Zi, which is "alone overseas". There is this forgotten village on the island, one of the oldest Catholic churches in Hong Kong, and the salt fields that have been deserted for more than 70 years.
In today's Hong Kong, no one knows how to dry salt. About ten years ago, with the assistance of professionals and the promotion of the NGO organization, we went to Taiwan and Shantou to inspect the traditional salt production methods. In 2013, construction of the restoration of Yantian began. After many attempts, the first batch of salt was finally successfully produced. In 2015, UNESCO awarded the "Outstanding Award", which is the highest honor in Hong Kong's similar awards so far.At the award ceremony, Carrie Lam, then Director of the Administration, said: "A such a small island can win the UNESCO cultural relics conservation award twice, which may be unique in the world."
Taipei's subway and high-speed rail have Hakka broadcasts. Hakka settlements such as Taoyuan, Hsinchu and Miaoli all have Hakka TV and radio stations. There are at least three Hakka colleges in Taiwan. In contrast, there is almost no policy bias in the "revival of Hakka culture" in , and there is no public media in the "Hakka culture" that mainly relies on the Hakka community to promote it. Not long ago, the Hong Kong Cross-Strait Hakka Federation issued a proposal to the new SAR government, begging to establish the "Hong Kong Hakka Museum" to collect and display the items and genealogies of Hakka ancestors.
Take the Hakka Expo, which is being planned in full swing as an example. The curation is colorful and innovative, and the tradition is combined with modernity. For example, "Kezhuang Orange" represents the orange image that is rich in romantic Taiwan three lines; "Haikeqing" means Hakka Ocean Blue and Hakka Blue Shirt and other features. Among them, the "Taiwan Pavilion" is made of local materials and the concept of symbiosis with nature, demonstrating the unique life resilience and diverse characteristics of Taiwan's Hakka. With the curatorial themes of "Sky Light and Sun" (the meaning of Hakka dialect: tomorrow) and "Rooting and Prosperity" presenting the unique humanistic landscape of Taiwan's Hakka, as well as the development trajectory of along the third line, sixth line, and , nine line, .
Through these large-scale activities, the traditional values of Hakka people cherish, such as family and country feelings, hard-neck spirit, filial piety to the ancestors, respect for heaven and cherish things, hard work and thrift, self-improvement, and respect for education and culture, can be passed on.
From a global perspective, "Where there are sun and sea water, there are Hakka people." The Hakka people are the only ethnic group that is not divided by region, and they are also the most widely distributed Han ethnic group in the world. Hong Kong is a blessed land and fertile land for the inheritance of Hakka culture.
Hakka research two founders Laiji
Hong Kong has been the starting point for the Hakka people to spread the world since its establishment. "After aging, other hometowns are hometowns", Hong Kong has become the most important station for Hakka people to return to their hometown to visit relatives and ancestors. Therefore, Hong Kong's Hakka has the responsibility to inherit and promote Hakka culture and has its unique advantages.
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