• blood sugar monitoring
Every diabetic patient should prepare a blood glucose meter at home to monitor blood sugar regularly.
Patients who take oral hypoglycemia-controlled blood sugar can monitor blood sugar on an empty stomach 2 to 4 times a week or 2 hours after a meal, or monitor blood sugar for 3 consecutive days within the week before the visit, 7 o'clock every day, including before and after breakfast, before and after lunch, before and before going to bed.
Patients who use insulin shall perform corresponding blood sugar monitoring according to the treatment plan:
Basal insulin: Monitor fasting blood sugar, adjust the dose of insulin before bed based on fasting blood sugar;
Premix insulin: Monitor fasting and pre-dinner blood sugar, adjust the dose of insulin before dinner based on fasting blood sugar, adjust the dose of insulin before breakfast based on the blood sugar before dinner;
Insulin during meals: Monitor post- or pre-meal blood sugar, and adjust the dose of insulin before the previous meal based on post-meal blood sugar and pre-meal blood sugar. (Source of content: "Guidelines for Clinical Application of Blood Glucose Monitoring in China (2015 Edition)")
Scenario Dialogue: My blood sugar control has been pretty good recently, and I’m in a good mood!
• Blood pressure monitoring
Diabetic patients are prone to hypertension. Generally speaking, the hypertension control targets of diabetic patients are systolic blood pressure <140>
The detection frequency of hypertension is: For newly diagnosed or unmet hypertension, it is recommended that family blood pressure be monitored continuously for 7 days, each time from 6 to 9 am and 6 to 9 pm, each time is measured 2 to 3 times to get the average value, and the blood pressure interval is 1 minute; the blood pressure value on the first day is removed, and the blood pressure value for the last 6 days is calculated, and based on the average blood pressure value of the last 6 days is provided for reference for treatment decisions.
After the blood pressure reaches the standard and stabilizes, it is recommended to self-test blood pressure one day a week, and measure the blood pressure in the sitting position 1 hour after getting up in the morning. If the blood pressure is unstable or not meets the standards, it is recommended to increase the frequency of home blood pressure measurement. (Data source: "China's Guide to Grassroots Management of Hypertension (2014 Revised Edition)")
Scenario Dialogue: Brother Fat, although your blood sugar is well controlled, don't forget to monitor your blood pressure!
• Weight Monitoring
Diabetic patients need to manage their weight well. Obesity is the main reason for insulin resistance. Controlling weight can improve insulin resistance and be beneficial to blood sugar control.
weight monitoring methods include body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, BMI = kilogram (weight)/m (height) 2, the normal BMI range is 18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI <24>
Scenario Dialogue: Although my weight has not met the standard yet, my weight has still dropped a lot, and I will continue to work hard.
• Waist circumference monitoring
For some patients with normal BMI, abdominal obesity may still exist. By measuring the waist circumference, it can be found that abdominal obesity is more closely related to insulin resistance. If the waist circumference of men is ≥90 cm and the waist circumference of women is ≥85 cm, it is abdominal obesity and measures need to be taken to reduce the waist circumference.
Scenario Dialogue: Through sports, my waist circumference has finally decreased, and everyone should work hard!
• Urinary Sugar Monitoring
Diabetic patients do not recommend monitoring blood sugar levels through urine sugar, because it will be affected by factors such as urine volume, renal function, renal glucose threshold, etc. At the same time, it is not helpful for finding hypoglycemia. In addition, in some special cases, such as when the renal glucose threshold is increased (in the elderly) or lower (pregnancy), it is meaningless to perform urine sugar testing. The significance of urine sugar detection is that when blood sugar self-monitoring is not allowed due to conditions and renal function is relatively stable, urine sugar self-monitoring can be performed as a temporary alternative.
Scenario dialogue:
Pang Ge: Doctor, what is the point of monitoring urine sugar?
Doctor: Urine sugar monitoring can be used as a temporary alternative to blood sugar.
• Urinary ketone monitoring
Diabetic patients undergo urinary ketone monitoring, which can promptly detect diabetic ketoacidosis. When the human body cannot use or lacks glucose as an energy source, fat will be mobilized to decompose and generate energy, and at this time, acidic toxic substances called ketone bodies will be produced. If the ketone bodies accumulate too much in the body, it will cause serious consequences, resulting in coma and even threaten life safety.
urine ketone detection can detect ketosis in the early stage. Urinary ketones should be monitored when there are the following situations: (1) Blood sugar is greater than 15 mmol/liter; (2) Blood sugar is greater than 13.3 mmol/liter and accompanied by symptoms of hyperglycemia; (3) During illness, such as fever, gastroenteritis, etc.; (4) During hunger or fasting; (5) Pregnancy, especially when accompanied by pregnancy vomiting; (6) When any physical discomfort is felt.
Scenario Dialogue:
Brother Fat, I still want to remind you that you need to monitor urine ketones when necessary. The significance of urine ketone monitoring is greater than that of urine sugar!
Pictures and texts: Second lady is busy
