As of December 21, 2021, the World Health Organization has included 10 vaccines in the emergency use list: Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine and the Indian version of the vaccine (COVISHIELD), Johnson & Johnson vaccine, Moderna vaccine, Zhongaikevi (Sino-Pharmaceutical Beijing Bio), Sinovac (CoronaVac), Kovaksin (COVAXin), Novavax vaccine and the Indian version of the vaccine. Getting the COVID-19 vaccine can greatly reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, infection and death.
As of February 2021, 66 types of new crown vaccine are undergoing clinical trials, including 17 phase I clinical trials, 23 phase I-II clinical trials, 6 phase II clinical trials and 20 phase III clinical trials.
In phase III clinical trials, several COVID-19 vaccines have up to 95% efficacy in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 infection. At present, at least 17 vaccines have received emergency approval from at least one government medical regulatory agency: 2 RNA vaccines, at least 6 inactivated vaccines , 4 viral vector vaccines, and 5 protein subunit vaccines.
December 1, 2019, "New England Journal of Medicine": A disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was discovered for the first time worldwide in Wuhan, Hubei Province, the People's Republic of China. It was then notified to the international community that countries around the world have successively tested and discovered that the disease has been spread for a long time. Later, the disease was named the 2019 coronavirus disease.
According to a report on March 10, 2020, there were about 300 preliminary studies ongoing worldwide. In March 2020, the U.S. government, the medical industry and universities provided researchers with permission to access IBM's supercomputers and Amazon , Microsoft and Google cloud computing resources. Providers of these computing resources have formed the COVID-19 High Performance Computing Alliance, which is being used to predict disease transmission, simulate possible vaccines, and screen thousands of compounds to design vaccines or treatments for COVID-19.
In October 2020, the World Health Organization took the lead in implementing the COVAX project, aiming to purchase 2 billion COVID-19 vaccines by the end of 2021, and give priority to , developing countries in .
On November 9, 2020, Australia began to produce the 2019 coronavirus disease vaccine developed by AstraZeneca . On the same day, Pfizer and its partner BioNTech SE (BNTX) announced that the vaccine developed is more than 90%. On November 11, Russia announced that the country's Sputnik V vaccine was effective at 92%. On November 16, Moderna announced that the vaccine developed by the company reached 94.5% effectiveness. AstraZeneca Cornwall University announced that the AZD1222 vaccine jointly developed by the two institutions can achieve a 90% effectiveness.
On January 11, 2021, WHO announced that more than 40 countries have begun to receive COVID-19 vaccines.
On February 5, 2021, World Health Organization Director-General Tedros Adhanom Adhanom Ghebreyesus said that the global number of new crown vaccinations has exceeded the total number of reported infections.
On March 31, 2021, Russia registered the world's first COVID-19 vaccine for animals.
On May 7, 2021, BBIBP-CorV developed and produced by China National Pharmaceutical Group was approved by the World Health Organization for emergency use authorization. It is the sixth novel coronavirus vaccine included in the emergency use list of the World Health Organization.
On July 26, 2021, the recombinant COVID-19 vaccine for atomization and inhalation (adenovirus vector) developed by the team led by Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Chen Wei of the Military Medicine Research Institute of the Academy of Military Sciences published phase I clinical research data in "The Lancet·Infectious Diseases". This is the world's first clinical trial of mucosal immunity for the new crown vaccine.
As of the end of October 2021, more than 7 billion doses of vaccine have been administered worldwide, of which the vaccination rates in the UAE and China have exceeded 80%, and the vaccination rates of Chile and Cambodia are also close to 80%.African countries are all below 20%, among which South Africa has the highest vaccination rate, at 19%. Only 1% of the population of Tanzania , Nigeria and Ethiopia were vaccinated.
On April 3, 2022, Sinopharm Group China Biotechnology Second-generation Recombinant Protein COVID-19 vaccine obtained the clinical trial approval document issued by the State Drug Administration.
