There are 195 sovereign countries registered in the United Nations. What system do the top 20 countries in GDP play? We have made a brief summary of these 20 outstanding representatives, and let’s see if there is any correlation between the country’s economic strength and the system. (GDP data of each country is the data for 2019.)
. United States (GDP: 21.8 trillion US dollars)
President federal system: The president is relatively busy, serving as the executive head, head of state and commander of the three armed forces; the legislative work is under the responsibility of Congress, composed of the House of Representatives and Senate, and the referendum is elected by the president and members of Congress; 50 states in the United States are highly autonomous, and governors and state legislators are voted by the people of each state, so each state is not directly led by the federal government. The US presidential election is quite complicated and it takes two rounds of referendums, which takes a whole year.
. China (GDP: 15.6 trillion US dollars)
Single system of the People's Congress: The State Council led by the Premier is responsible for administrative work, the President of the State is the head of state, the Chairman of the Military Commission is the commander of the three armies, and the latter two positions are generally held by one person; the legislative work is jointly responsible by the National People's Congress and the National Political Consultative Conference. Deputies to the People's Congress and the CPPCC members of all provinces, cities and counties are recommended to the top layer, and only county-level people's congress representatives come from the people to vote for universal suffrage; each province is directly led by the state, and the heads of each province are appointed from the upper level, so the central and local governments belong to the superior-lower relationship and are the most typical single-system country.
. Japan (GDP: 5.28 trillion US dollars)
Constitutional Monarchy Single System: Prime Minister and his nominated ministers form a cabinet government, which is responsible for internal and diplomatic work; the emperor is the nominal head of state and has no actual power. In fact, the head of state is the Japanese Prime Minister, and the head of state is also the commander of the three armed forces when the head is the same. The legislation is under the responsibility of Congress, composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Local administrative regions are both led by the state and also implemented autonomy. Local officials have always pursued equal relations with the Prime Minister's Cabinet government, but in theory it is still a relationship that is led. The general election votes to elect members of parliament, and the party leader who wins the majority of parliament seats will automatically become the prime minister.
4. Germany (GDP: 4.21 trillion US dollars)
Parliamentary federal system: The Prime Minister and her appointed ministers form a cabinet government to manage the country, and the Prime Minister is also the head of state and the commander of the three armies; the president is the head of state without real power. The Bundestag and the Senate formed a parliament. Every time the national election is elected, members of parliament are elected like Japan. When the members are elected, a new prime minister and a new government are born. Local states in Germany are as highly autonomous as states in the United States and have an equal relationship with the German central government.
5. India (GDP: 3.22 trillion US dollars)
Parliamentary federal system: Like Germany, India is also a cabinet government composed of the Prime Minister and his appointed ministers to grasp the domestic and diplomatic work of the country. The Indian president is a mysterious figure known to many people in seclusion. The Indian Parliament is composed of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Every Indian general election is to elect the members of the House of Representatives. After the members of the parliament are elected, a new prime minister and a new government are born. Although Indian states also implement autonomy, India's autonomy is more pure, so pure that the central government can do nothing about it. This is caused by the backward education, language, religion and local forces.
6. France (GDP: 2.97 trillion US dollars)
President single system: The French president is the head of state and the commander of the army, but each French president will also appoint a prime minister to handle internal affairs, so France is also called the "semi-presidential system", and the president is voted by the French. France's legislature is a parliament composed of the National Assembly and the Senate. The relationship between France and the central government is similar to that of our country and is led by the above, so France is "single" rather than a federal system.
7. Britain (GDP: 2.8 trillion US dollars)
Constitutional Monarchy monolithic system: In the "constitutional Monarchy", Britain is almost exactly the same as Japan. The Queen is the head of state without real power, and the situation is similar to the Japanese emperor; the British Prime Minister is the head of administration, the commander of the three armed forces and the actual head of state. This is the same as the Japanese Prime Minister, and the birth of the Prime Minister was also produced by the time of the parliamentary election, just like Japan. The British legislature consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Commons has great power and dominance, and the House of Lords has almost only approval power. In terms of the relationship between the central and local governments, Britain, like our country or France, belongs to the single system of central leadership.
8. Brazil (GDP: 2.4 trillion US dollars)
Presidential federal system: system can refer to the United States, but Brazil is far from the United States in all aspects. The Brazilian president is also a federal government composed of heads of state, executive heads of state and military commanders. The president-appointed ministers are responsible for the country's internal affairs and diplomacy. Brazil has a general election every few years: either elect the president or elect the parliamentarian. Congress, composed of the Senate and House of Representatives, is responsible for the national legislative work, with Brazil highly autonomous locally, and states are as unleased by the federal government as the United States.
9. Italy (GDP: 2.16 trillion US dollars)
Parliamentary single system: The Italian Prime Minister acts as Italy's de facto head of state, executive head and commander of the three armies. The Italian president is an unknown mysterious figure who rarely appears. Italians vote for members of Congress every few years, and the seats in Congress are allocated, and the Prime Minister is born. Like the United States, Italy's parliament is also composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate, but the relationship between the central and local governments is different from that of the United States, because Italy is a single system and the local government is led or managed by the central government.
0, Canada (GDP: 1.91 trillion US dollars)
Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy: Canada was a British colony before, so its political system is almost the same as that of Britain: a constitutional monarchy, and the monarch is the Queen of England. The party leader of the party that holds the largest number of seats in parliament is the prime minister, and the prime minister nominates ministers to form a cabinet government to manage domestic and diplomacy; since the top leaders of each province and city below come from direct elections, the state belongs to the federal system. Canada is a member of the Commonwealth and recognizes the Queen as the nominal head of state. Because the Queen is very busy, she sends the Governor to be her own representative. The laws passed by the Canadian Parliament, the judges nominated by the Prime Minister, and the members of the Senate must all be approved by the Governor. This is also called the "Commonwealth Queen System".
1, South Korea (GDP: 1.74 trillion US dollars)
Presidential single system: South Korea's system is similar to France. The president elects the president by referendum. The president is the head of state and the commander of the army. The president nominated by the president is responsible for internal affairs. South Korea's legislature is Congress. Unlike the above countries, South Korea has a one-house system: Congress does not divide the upper house and the lower house. In addition, the relationship between the central government and local government of South Korea is also a relationship between leaders and being led, because like our country, South Korea is a single system in administrative management. Because there is a prime minister in charge of internal affairs, South Korea is also called "semi-presidential system".
2, Russia (GDP: 1.65 trillion US dollars)
Presidential federal system: From the birth process of the president and the renewal process of the Congress, Russia is similar to the United States, and the Russian president also combines the head of state and the commander of the three armies. It is necessary to note that Russia has a prime minister, which is different from the United States, but is similar to France and South Korea. Therefore, Russia is also a "semi-presidential system." The Russian parliament is also a bicameral system like the United States: the Federal Council and the State Duma. The relationship between the Russian federal government and local states is theoretically equal to the relationship between the US federal government and states, but this is a theoretical relationship. In fact, the governors and parliaments of the Russian states showed pious obedience to Putin, which is very characteristic of a single system.
3, Australia (GDP: 1.63 trillion US dollars)
Constitutional Monarchy federal system: Australia was the first place where prisoners were exiled in Britain. This country of course was also a colony of the British Empire, so its system was a constitutional monarchy. The monarch was the queen of England. "Constitutionalization" means the familiar recipe for the House of Commons and the Prime Minister nominated ministers to form a cabinet government. The difference is that the relationship between the cabinet government and the local government is equal, because Australia is a federal system, and the states are highly autonomous and do not obey the discipline of superiors. Australia is also a member of the Commonwealth, so it also recognizes the Queen as the head of state. The Queen is unable to send the Governor to appear as a representative at some signatures and ceremonies. Therefore, Australia is also called the "Commonwealth Queen System".
4. Spain (GDP: 1.53 trillion US dollars)
Constitutional Monarchy monolithic: The old capitalist country Spain has its own king, and the king is the nominal head of state and the commander of the army, but the actual power lies with the Prime Minister of Spain. The Prime Minister comes from every parliamentary election, and the birth of new members of the parliamentary party, the new Prime Minister and the cabinet government are also born, so Spain is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy. In terms of the relationship between the cabinet government and local governments, the former leads the latter because Spain also plays a "single system".
5. Mexico (GDP: 1.39 trillion US dollars)
Presidential federal system: Mexico and its neighbor the United States have the same system: a president who combines the head of government, head of state and military command, a parliament composed of the House of Lords and the House of Commons, and the 32 highly autonomous states are not led by the federal government. With the United States, the world's largest weapons and drug consumption market, many states in Mexico really don't want to do serious things. There are easy ways to make money, so why bother doing more difficult things and causing trouble?
6. Indonesia (GDP: 1.29 trillion US dollars)
President single system: Indonesian president is elected by the referendum, he is the head of executive, head of state and commander of the army; Indonesia's parliament is called the People's Congress, 90% of the 500 members of parliament were elected by the general election, and the rest came from the military appointments; the parliament is only responsible for general legislative work, and important legislative work is handed over to the "People's Association". The People's Association is composed of all 500 members of Congress and the council of local representatives, responsible for amending the Constitution and appointing the president according to the election results. The Indonesian central government directly leads local work, relying on the "local representative board" that forms the People's Association.
7, Turkey (GDP: 1.02 trillion US dollars)
Presidential single system: In April 2017, Turkish President Erdogan, who had lost his actual power, passed a referendum, changing Turkey from parliamentary system to presidential system with a dangerous result of 51%. Since then, the president has served in three positions: head of state, head of administration, and commander of the army. These three identities were previously Turkish Prime Minister. Türkiye's parliament belongs to a one-cabin system: the Great National Assembly. Because it is a single system, all 81 provinces in Turkey are led by the government formed by the president.
8. Netherlands (GDP: 0.95 trillion US dollars)
Constitutional Monarchy Single System: The Netherlands has a king and a prime minister. As long as these two positions appear, it must be that the constitutional monarchy has not escaped. The Dutch legislature is a parliament composed of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The Prime Minister is the majority leader of the House of Commons. The cabinet government is composed of ministers nominated by the Prime Minister. The Netherlands is a single country, so power is led and distributed by the cabinet government, provincial government and municipal government at all levels.
9. Argentina (GDP: 0.77 trillion US dollars)
Presidential federal system: Like the United States and Brazil, the president is the head of state, the executive head and the commander of the three armed forces. The president comes from the national election; the legislative body Congress is also composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives, and the members of the parliament are also from the national election. The country is divided into 23 provinces. Because it is a federal system, these 23 provinces are "country among the country" like the 50 states in the United States. Each state has its own state legislature, state laws, and state governments. The governors and presidents of each state are on an equal footing.
0, Saudi Arabia (GDP: 0.76 trillion US dollars)
Monarchy: Saudi system is different from the above 19 countries. The position of Saudi king is hereditary and has been circulating within the Saudi royal family. The Saudi king has the highest power, and the "Saudi Consultative Conference" serving as parliament and the departments led by ministers serve the Saudi king, so that he can rule more easily. Saudi Arabia has no laws, but uses scriptures and hadith as laws. The reason why this ancient and backward system has existed in Saudi Arabia for a long time is that Saudi Arabia has rich oil income to provide benefits, and coupled with the role of religion, the Saudis have no motivation to overthrow the royal family for the time being.
