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Antarctic ozone hole I believe everyone is familiar with it, so Arctic ozone empty Have you heard of it? How did it form?
Let’s first review the formation principle of the Antarctic ozone hole.
Ozone is a trace gas in the earth's atmosphere. It is formed by the oxygen molecules in the atmosphere decomposed into oxygen atoms by solar radiation, and the oxygen atoms bind to the surrounding oxygen molecules.
With human activities, especially artificial chemicals such as fluorine-chlorocarbons (CFCs), it is widely used, which can easily destroy the ozone layer, reducing the total amount of ozone in the atmosphere, and the largest drop in the north and south poles. Above Antarctica, thin ozone appears, which is vividly called "ozone hole" by scientists.
979-2015 changes in the Antarctic ozone layer. Image source: NASAAccording to Nature, the ozone content over most of the central Arctic (covered about 3 times that of Greenland ) hit a record low, with a rare large ozone hole appearing.
A rare ozone hole appeared over the Arctic. Image source: NASA Ozone Watch
01: Why does a larger ozone hole appear in the Arctic?
Antarctic ozone holes form every year, as temperatures in the region usually drop sharply in winter, resulting in high-altitude clouds.
"These conditions are rare in Arctic , where temperature changes are greater and usually do not cause loss of the ozone layer." said Jens-Uwe Groo, an atmospheric scientist at the Ulich Research Center in Germany.
However, this year, strong cold air appeared in the Arctic, and the strong westerly wind surrounded it, trapping the cold air in the polar vortex , which induces an ozone hole event similar to that of Antarctic.
html At the end of March, the meteorological balloon detection results released by the Arctic Observatory showed that at an altitude of 18 kilometers away from the Arctic ground, the ozone content decreased by nearly 90%. Markus Rex, an atmospheric scientist at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Oceanography in Germany, said that the normal detection results of the meteorological balloon here are usually about 3.5ppm (particle-million), while this detection results are only about 0.3ppm.The ozone hole that appeared over the Arctic this time may be the largest in recorded in the Arctic, and it is the same size as the ozone hole formed in the Antarctic region every year.
02: The harm of ozone holes?
research shows that for every 1% decrease in ozone in the atmosphere, the ultraviolet rays irradiated to the ground increase by 2%, and humans will face the threat of skin cancer, cataracts, immune system defects and developmental stagnation. At the same time, the enhanced ultraviolet radiation will also reduce crop yields in large quantities, and even kill certain fish and marine life.
03: Arctic ozone hole will endanger human health?
professor at the School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Nanjing University of Information Engineering said in an interview with reporters that the probability of the Arctic hole shifting to the lower latitude of is very small. Even if it is offset, people can achieve protective effects by applying sunscreen. Under normal circumstances, as the sun slowly rises, the polar vortex breaks, and the ozone layer can quickly return to its usual state.
04: What efforts have humans made for ozone hole ?
Ozone is the Earth's natural sunscreen that protects life from dangerous sun ultraviolet radiation. Chemicals made in the atmosphere, such as chlorofluorocarbons , used as refrigerants and aerosol spray cans for many years, have depleted the earth's ozone layer. Scientists first recognized the potential harmful effects of CFCs on ozone in the early 1970s. In the 1980s, governments around the world were aware of the destruction of the ozone layer and negotiated the Montreal Protocol in 1987—an international treaty aimed at protecting the ozone layer by banning chlorofluorocarbons and similar ozone-depleting chemicals.
Four globes show the average monthly total ozone in Antarctica in October.The 1971 and 2017 globes were made from data from the Yuyun 4 backscattering UV instrument and the halo ozone monitoring instrument of , NASA, , respectively. The 2041 and 2076 globes were produced using the output of NASA's Goddard Earth Observation System Chemical Climate Model (GEOS-CCM). This graph shows the average minimum (white dot) in Antarctica every October. The red curve represents a smooth version of the white dot. [1]
In 2007, the State Administration of Environmental Protection issued an announcement stipulating that the production of , a class of ozone-depleting substances such as trichlorofluoromethane, except for special uses, was completely prohibited before July of that year. The government recommends the use of substances such as dichlorofluoroethane that are less harmful or harmless to the ozone layer. In recent years, the government has repeatedly emphasized the need to crack down on the illegal production of ozone-depleting substances to attract attention.
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References: Xinhuanet, Guokr.com, China Science Daily
References:
. NASA. (2015). The Antarctic Ozone HoleWill Recover.https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30602Planning and editing : Zhao Ning
Review : Ye Haiying
