Three Gorges Dam flood discharge
Have you ever remembered it? In the 1991 "Qunyan" magazine, it published an article that is not a civil defense military expert but a famous person, titled "The Revelation of the Gulf War". The author raised a major issue concerning the success or failure of the Three Gorges Project, namely: What should I do if the Three Gorges Dam is subject to a nuclear attack?
seems that one of the many experts in our country have never thought about such a major civil defense project before. As a result, after the article was published, it caused a "sensation" and many compatriots who did not know the truth got "inspiration" from the "revelation": If the dam is destroyed and tens of billions of cubic meters of river water suddenly drained out of the air, wouldn't it cause man-made flood disasters? By then, the entire middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River will become a country of water... It happened to be a coincidence, in the summer of the same year. When the "Three Gorges Inspection Team, the Head of Capital News Unit", came to Gezhouba, I had the honor to meet an elder who accompanied the regiment to explain his doubts - Yin Zhishu, a professor-level civil defense expert at the General Staff Engineering Corps. When Mr. Yin heard me talk about the article in the magazine "Qunyan" and smiled faintly:
"A family of words. Isn't that magazine called "Qunyan", "The Revelation of the Gulf War" is just the "Yiyan" in "Qunyan"!"
His speech was wrinkled and very charming. Unable to resist repeated entanglement, Mr. Yin finally agreed to reveal some civil defense work on the Three Gorges Project, allowing me to choose the right time to write some articles to face the audio. Now, it is this time. For decades, the Three Gorges Project air defense test and its research are little known.
Southern Hubei land and water: Three Gorges Test Dam
"As early as 1959, Zhou Enlai appointed Deputy Chief of Staff and Director of the National Defense Science and Technology Commission General Zhang Aiping to organize the experimental research on the air defense of the Three Gorges Project." Yin Zhishu introduced: "At that time, the Three Gorges Project Air Defense Research and Test Group led by Zhang Aiping, Qian Zhengying, Lin Yishan and others was established, and scientific and technological personnel from the Military Engineering Academy, the Military Commission Engineering Soldier, the Navy, the Chief Office, the Institute of Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Harbin Military Industry and other units were seconded. More than 60 people were working in the Engineering Soldier Science Test Field."
Mr. Yin recalled the scene that year and said: "At that time, General Zhang Aiping organized some military, intelligence and air force experts to demonstrate the strategies and tactics of the Three Gorges Project Air Defense."
Mr. Yin clearly remembered: At that time, he was divided into 4 research groups and conducted a large reservoir and dam model at the test site, and conducted simulation tests of various distances of water blasting and air explosion; and also conducted various direct hit tests in another site. Through experiments and analysis and research, engineering protection measures such as reducing the reservoir water level during wartime, taking downstream flood diversion measures, building air defense submersible dams, and retaining and strengthening the construction of cofferdams before the dam were proposed. In response to the damage of a certain equivalent direct hit, a large-volume concrete dam plan and a large-volume rock pile dam plan that resists direct hits were proposed. As soon as the research came to an end, General Zhang Aiping sent our research report to Premier Zhou. After 1964, the Army Corps of Engineering, the Chief Executive Office, the Academy of Water Sciences and the Academy of Electrical Sciences participated in the nuclear weapon effect test in Xinjiang, and it has been more than ten times. The Engineer focused on shock wave and structural explosion-resistant tests. The Academy of Water Sciences conducted 7 tests of four dams, including various effect tests of water storage, air reservoirs, air explosions, and ground explosions. The Academy of Electrical Sciences focused on the effect tests of power transmission and electrical equipment.
Lu Shui Reservoir
1978, the Changban began to conduct normal model tests for large-scale dam collapse in Hubei Lushui. After completion, it was conducted in 1983. The model has a horizontal scale of l/500 and a vertical scale of l/125. It is about 365 kilometers of river section 6 kilometers below Fengjie to Shashi, with a model length of more than 730 meters.
1978 held a meeting of the civil defense demonstration expert group. The experts saw the experimental research report on the abnormal model of Sandouping’s large-scale dam collapse, and went to Lushui to watch the dam collapse test. They agreed that the model design is correct, the accuracy is high, and the data obtained are also reliable, because the experiment and research report are very close to the test results of the small-scale large-scale dam collapse model made by the Academy of Water Sciences in 1958.How to prevent missiles by
: General Zhang Aiping said this
I once asked Mr. Yin Zhishu about the strategic and tactical arguments of the Three Gorges Project air defense issues. He said that he had made detailed arguments. General Zhang Aiping once told the members of the test team that he had concluding content.
Zhang Aiping said: Chairman Mao’s instructions to “actively prepare and fully reliable” and to seriously study the air defense issues of the Three Gorges Project. The Three Gorges Project is huge in scale, and the development of the national economy and the promotion of socialist construction are of great significance. Therefore, it will inevitably become one of the important goals of the enemy's strategic attacks during wartime, and air defense issues must be considered. Because the concrete dam is huge in size and has a certain ability to resist the destruction of heavy bombs, the destruction of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs should be mainly considered. The basic policy of air defense in the Three Gorges Project should be to walk on two legs, that is, to actively air defense and passive air defense at the same time. We must not only strive to be prepared to eliminate the enemy without reaching the target, but also make every effort to take various effective and practical protective measures from the perspective of engineering and technology based on the national economic capabilities and technical possibilities. Even if damage is suffered, it can reduce the loss of national economic and people's property. The main purpose of hydrogen warhead air defense is to defend against the enemy's medium-range and intercontinental missiles, and to defend against the enemy's specific hydrogen bomb directly hits, and to prepare to defend against larger hydrogen bombs in the future.
Three Gorges Flood Release
Yin Zhishu once asked for active air defense preparations. General Zhang Aiping said: "We have an air defense line to prevent aircraft bombings, and the strength is quite strong. The Three Gorges are located in the hinterland. When enemy bombers come, several defense lines will hit, and very few people leaking into the net, and there is no major problem with the dam. How to prevent missiles from coming in is of course a planned study. This is not a need for the Three Gorges project, but a global issue. With this kind of equipment in the future, the protection of the Three Gorges project will naturally be taken into account..."
After that, a group of military experts such as Yin Zhishu actively engaged in the simulation of the explosion test of the equivalent dam model directly hitting the explosion test, and at the same time began to demonstrate and study a variety of engineering protection measures to meet the tactical and technical requirements.
In response to some people's worries about the "warning of water release" time, Mr. Yin said confidently: "The water release before the Three Gorges Project is enough for 7 days."
He emphasized: "In the past, war was said to be sudden, but now it is not certain. Especially when fighting a nuclear war, we must first use nuclear weapons, and everyone should consider our nuclear retaliation. He wants to consider the nuclear war that comes from this. To fight, he must make a lot of big preparations, such as mobilizing work across the country, evacuating a large number of people in major cities, etc., which cannot be concealed. The war between the two countries is not fought for no reason, and nuclear bombs cannot be fought just by wanting to be fought. Therefore, the war can be discovered. If we really want to fight, our military commander department will know about it a month ago and two months ago, so there will be a warning and release time. Simulation tests repeatedly prove that the Three Gorges Project will only release water for 7 days before the war, and there is no problem."
If the dam collapses, what will happen in the downstream of the Three Gorges?
Ask Mr. Yin for advice with this question, he seemed particularly patient. He knew that I, an outsider, understood, and many laymen like me, could feel at ease. He said: "We are doing the experiment of dam collapse to the end. It is a passive defense, and we are considering the most unfavorable extreme situation. Even so, Jingbei Plain and the vast areas below will not suffer from floods. After observing the experiment of the abnormal model of large-scale dams, I had two ideas: First, when I chose the dam site, it was not chosen at Nanjin Pass, but at Sanduping. This was really beneficial to the second dam during the battle. If I chose Nanjin Pass, it would be amazing after the dam. Second, it was lucky that there was a 20-kilometer canyon from Liantuo to Nanjin Pass, and three 90-degree bends were turned, greatly reducing the maximum flood peak flow of the dam collapse, from one million to two or three hundred thousand in a second, which played a key role in limiting the downstream dam collapse flood disaster."
Mr. Yin introduced: "Under normal operation, the water level of the reservoir during the flood season is 145 meters and the inlet flow is 56,700 seconds (once once in 10 years), the dam is completely broken and flood discharged. The flood is divided by Jingjiang. The highest flood level in Shacheng is 44.96 meters (47 meters on the top of the embankment, guaranteed water level 45 meters), which can be safe; if the inlet flow reaches 60,000 seconds, after the dam is broken and divided, the water level in Shacheng will reach 45.63 meters, but it is still 1.37 meters below the top of the embankment."
Mr. Yin pointed out: In any case, the water level in Shacheng exceeds the guaranteed water level 45 meters, and it will take a risk. In order to be safe, the water level in the Three Gorges Reservoir area should be appropriately lowered during the flood season. If necessary, it will drop to 135 meters in a short time, or even lower; the water level in the non-flood season is 150 meter. The storage is calculated based on 10,000 m in a 10,000 seconds. After the dam collapse, the water level in Shacheng is 45.75 meters. Although it will not overflow the dike, it is risky. If the reservoir water level is placed at 145 meters, the water level in Shacheng is only 43.92 meters, which is 1.08 lower than the guaranteed water level. meter can be kept safe.
lowered the reservoir water level before the war. Another point is certain that it can reduce the losses in flooded areas. Mr. Yin emphasized that the flooding floods are always limited, and compared with floods caused by heavy rain, it is also small. The flooding in flooded areas lasts only two or three days, and the flooding and range will not expand for a long time. If the dam is half-broken or partially collapsed, the flooding and losses will be smaller.
Other "inspiration" given to us by the Gulf War
After the war in the Gulf, Iraq fired "scuds" to Israel, but the United States sent "patriots" to Israel, and the interception was quite successful. Our country has a strong nuclear weapon, which is well known to the world. If people want to attack China with nuclear bombs, how could China sit and wait for death?
The Gulf War also gives us many other inspirations:
If people have "scuds", we don't have "patriots" Is it? More than one billion people are "patriots"!
People have giant water conservancy hubs that exceed the height of the Three Gorges Dam, so don't they worry about nuclear attacks causing losses to dam collapse? The United States, the Soviet Union, Canada and other countries have large dams, which have been operating for at least 10 years, and have been operating for decades. If you are worried, people are also worried. But they don't stand up because of worry and dare not build dams; we build the Three Gorges Dam, and we are also worried about being subject to nuclear attacks, and we cannot not build them because of worry!
Is there only one Three Gorges Project in China's rooster-shaped territory that is responsible for the enemy's attack Is the target hit? In this way, the problem has become simplified. Active air defense and passive air defense are both ways to achieve both sides. From the perspective of passive defense, we should focus on the worst way to cause a collapse of the dam directly hit, explore countermeasures, take protective measures, warn before the war to release water, and reduce the water level of the reservoir, which is a consensus generated by many military experts.
or not worry about it. What should we do every day, just do it with peace of mind, the sky cannot collapse.
or not blame the Three Gorges Project. "Gold is not pure, no one is perfect", What's more, the project? Everything has advantages and disadvantages, good and bad. As long as the Three Gorges Project has more benefits than disadvantages, it is beneficial to the present and benefits the descendants, we will work together! There is nothing to be indecisive, "The Yangtze River is rolling, and all the flows are coal and oil"!
"Soldiers come to block, and water comes to garrison". When building the Three Gorges, more than one billion people are determined to make efforts to tighten their belts. Which "enemy" dares to mess with us?
—— No one dares!
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