The luckiest thing in the 20th century for the new China was that in May 1950, the Hainan Island Battle was won in full swing, and the entire Hainan Island was liberated; the most unfortunate thing was that just one month after Hainan Island was liberation, a war broke out on the Korean Peninsula, and the United States concentrated a large number of troops to the Far East, which prevented China's action to liberate Taiwan Island.
So, there has always been a speculation among the people that if the North Korean war did not break out in 1950, the New China and the People's Liberation Army would have crossed the Taiwan Strait to liberate Taiwan Province! Is the statement
really correct? Today, let’s have a good chat with you.
Korean War broke out on June 25, 1950. At that time, the New China made public remarks at the first time, hoping that the North Koreans would take care of the things in North Korea and the Asians would take care of the things in Asia.
However, on June 27, 1950, that is, just two days after the outbreak of the Korean Peninsula, The US Seventh Fleet had already entered the Taiwan Strait to prevent the People's Liberation Army from liberating Taiwan.
These two things happened almost at the same time, which shows that the US invasion of the Taiwan Strait was not a whim, nor was it that the war broke out on the Korean Peninsula suddenly had an idea and decided to go to Taiwan. Moreover, the United States invaded the Taiwan Strait, interfered with the Taiwan Strait, and had no relationship with the volunteer army entering North Korea!
Speaking of this, we can clearly tell you that the United States has planned to interfere in China's great cause of unification from the very beginning. The Seventh Fleet of invaded the Taiwan Strait, which is just the least cost and benefit the most!
We can even say that the United States planned to split China from the beginning, but the final situation determined that they had to use the Taiwan Strait as the boundary to split China!
When did the United States start to split China? I think it started from the victory of Anti-Japanese War in 1945.
In the eyes of the United States, China in 1945 was no different from China before 1931. If the Kuomintang is in charge of its own country, it is likely to continue the international situation before 1931. That is, the maritime power state led by the United States controls the southeast coast and the 18 provinces of the Han area, while the Soviet Union controls Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Northeast China and other places, and at most expands its power to , North China Plain, .
The division of the sphere of influence is actually the "Yalta Agreement" jointly signed by the United States and the Soviet Union.
Yalta Agreement is essentially a plan for the United States and the Soviet Union to re-dividate China's sphere of influence since the late Qing Dynasty. Since 1924, the Soviet Union has successively supported warlords such as Feng Yuxiang, Shengshicai in China, and has considerable influence in Northwest and Northeast China. The United States did not intend to directly attack the Soviet Union after World War II , so it has no great ambitions for China's "Three Norths".
However, the United States is bound to win China outside the Three Norths.
Based on this consideration, in the late World War II, the United States actually defaulted to China south of , the Great Wall, , as its colony. Therefore, Roosevelt once proposed to assign Ryukyu Islands and Vietnam to China.
In fact, with the support of Chiang Kai-shek , the United States has indeed gained absolute control over in the National Defense Region. Most of the foreign exchange and tax revenue in the Kuomintang-controlled area have become imported cars and other American goods, and almost all the income in the Kuomintang-controlled area has flowed to the United States. The United States also forced Chiang Kai-shek to sign a series of unequal treaties with a degree of treason for far more than 21 articles, selling out all the political, economic and cultural rights in the Kuomintang-controlled areas.
Even in order to safeguard the rights and interests of the United States in China, we must support Chiang Kai-shek.
However, Chiang Kai-shek did not think so. Chiang Kai-shek believed that the Communist Party could be solved without the strong support of the United States. When the civil war broke out in 1946, Chiang Kai-shek proposed the goal of "resolving the CCP's problem in five months."
result was very slap in the face. Chiang Kai-shek was defeated in just two years. At the end of 1948, during the Berlin crisis in Europe, three major battles broke out in China, and the overall situation north of the Yangtze River was decided. When the United States freed up its hands to solve China's problems, it found that it was no longer able to do so.
Most of Chiang Kai-shek's direct descendants have been destroyed, and the United States chose to support the elite Guangxi warlords Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi to rise to the top. As soon as Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi came to power, they organized the Beijing negotiations, attempting to rule the river. As a result, the three-month negotiations ended in failure. Even the negotiators were stranded in Beijing and determined to join the New China.
Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi's idea of "grabbing the river and governing" cannot be said to be without the American planning behind it.
1945's "Governing the Great Wall" and "Governing the Great Wall" in 1949's "Governing the Great River" in 1949, the United States has never given up supporting pro-American factions in China.
, even the United States has no intention of turning China into a unified country.
After all, India and Pakistan were divided into pearls and jade in 1947, and the United States also hopes to learn from the master of Britain to divide and govern it, so as to gain the best interests.
However, the Kuomintang still disappointed them. In April 1949, with the launch of the Crossing the River Battle, the Kuomintang had never fought a decent battle. By the end of this year, with the end of the Xichang Battle, the Kuomintang's power in mainland China was basically wiped out.
In January 1949, Chiang Kai-shek issued a New Year's Day statement. By the outbreak of the Xichang Battle on December 28, 1949, the Kuomintang had never stopped internal strife, and the Kuomintang completely destroyed the American master's plan to "grab the river and govern". The one who destroyed this plan was Chiang Kai-shek who had "very strategic vision".
Chiang Kai-shek settled his confidant Tang Enbo to build a good defense line in the Yangtze River and fight a " Stalingrad Battle " in Shanghai. The main purpose is to allow himself to transport most of the gold, silver and foreign exchange to Taiwan.
In other words, Chiang Kai-shek spent a year transporting the gold and silver plundered nationwide to Taiwan. Since then, Chiang Kai-shek has known that his retreat is in Taiwan.
The reason why Taiwan can become a way out is because it is useful to the American master!
Chiang Kai-shek did two things: Chen Cheng hosted Taiwan and transported a large amount of gold and silver to Taiwan.
After doing these two things, if New China wants to liberate Taiwan, it has become a hell-level mission.
Chiang Kai-shek was able to defend Taiwan in the end, for four main reasons:
1. The military Kinmen Battle shocked the People's Liberation Army a lot, and the combat plan was changed again and again.
The Battle of Kinmen took place on October 24, and it was exactly one year and one day behind the Volunteer Army's entry into North Korea. This is the first time that the Third Field Army of , launched a cross-sea operation, and it is also the biggest loss of the Third Field Army since the defeat in Linqu, Nanma.
In the Battle of Kinmen, more than 9,000 people from the first echelon of the 10th Corps of the Third Field Army landed on the island to fight. After landing, they occupied the beachhead position and captured thousands of enemies. The national army on the island was in panic all day long. However, under the command of Hu Lian, the Kuomintang army launched a counterattack, and attacked the People's Liberation Army soldiers who rushed forward. As a result, the beachhead position was lost and the subsequent troops could not come up. They could only watch as more than 9,000 people were wiped out. After the Battle of Kinmen, the Third Field Army began a major review, reflection and learning, forming a lot of reflection materials, and finally, the Hainan Island Battle in May 1950 was of great help. It is precisely because of the failure of the Kinmen Battle that the Third Field Army’s combat plan for liberating Taiwan has been repeatedly revised, and the Central Military Commission is also very cautious about the plan for liberating Taiwan!
On November 3, the 21st Army launched the Dinghai Battle and liberated Zhoushan Islands . Chairman Mao stated in the combat plan, "The Zhoushan Islands have a total of 50,000 enemy troops and have tenacious combat effectiveness. Is it enough for you to attack with two and a half armies? In view of the failure of Kinmen Island and a certain island near Dinghai (referring to Dengbu Island - the author's note), you must seriously pay attention to the troops, deployment, preparation and attack timing of the Dinghai operation. If the preparation is not done for a long time, it would rather delay the time."
Zhoushan Islands are already very close and small. Chairman Mao repeatedly reminds him to be cautious, which is a considerable pressure for the Third Field Army to liberate Taiwan.
In March 1950, Su Yu planned the Taiwan Battle more carefully and specifically asked the new naval commander Xiao Jinguang.After discussion by the two generals, Su Yu planned to cross the sea with 500,000 troops and divide it into two transportations. The plan was submitted to the Central Committee and was recognized.
On May 17, the Third Field Army issued a notice to establish a front-line command center with Su Yu as the commander-in-chief, and put 3 corpses and 12 armies, a total of 500,000 troops into preparations for combat against Taiwan.
However, soon after, Chiang Kai-shek suddenly gave up the Zhoushan Islands, and 120,000 Taiwanese troops fled to Taiwan Island. In addition to the tens of thousands of remnants retreated from Shanghai South Island, the total strength of Taiwan Island suddenly expanded to 400,000. Not only that, Chiang Kai-shek also recruited more than 5,000 Japanese troops invading China to Taiwan, further enhancing Taiwan's naval and air strength.
In order to avoid the failure of the Kinmen Battle as much as possible, Su Yu bluntly proposed to Chairman Mao: "If you have no absolute certainty in attacking Taiwan, you should not only not launch an attack easily, but you would rather postpone it for a while." Finally, on June 23, Su Yu once again suggested to the Central Committee to increase the original 12 armies to more than 16 armies.
However, in the process of continuous improvement of the Taiwan battle plan, the Seventh Fleet has arrived, and the best time to launch the Taiwan battle has been missed.
2. Navy and air force construction is not overnight, and landing operations are not as simple as the Hainan Island Battle.
Taiwan Strait is about 400 kilometers long and has an area of about 90,000 square kilometers. The south is wide and narrow in the north, the south entrance is about 400 kilometers wide, the north entrance is about 200 kilometers wide, and the narrowest point in the north is 130 kilometers. With hundreds of kilometers, it is impossible to launch a landing battle without the strong support of the navy. Even if it is launched, it is very likely to suffer a crushing defeat like the Kinmen Battle.
corresponds to it Qiongzhou Strait between Guangdong Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island. Second only to the Taiwan Strait and the Bohai Strait, Qiongzhou Strait is the third largest strait in my country. It is about 80 kilometers long from east to west, with a maximum width of 39.5 kilometers from north to south, a narrowest width of 19.4 kilometers, and an average width of 29.5 kilometers. The distance of more than 20 kilometers in Qiongzhou Strait allows Han Xianchu to lead 18,700 officers and soldiers to cross the sea and fight by just over 300 sailboats. The second echelon was led by Long Shujin, deputy commander of the 43rd Army, and 6,968 officers and soldiers were on 81 sailboats to land and fight. This kind of fake wooden sailboats used to fight the Kuomintang warships at sea, and achieved victory, creating a miracle in the history of the PLA, but its success cannot be replicated.
The width of the Taiwan Strait is 10 times that of the Qiongzhou Strait, which means that using Hainan Island's combat experience is actually useless. If the voyage of more than 200 kilometers is wooden sailing ship against warships, it is equivalent to joking about the lives of the PLA commanders and fighters. Therefore, without the support of the navy and air force, landing operations are basically impossible.
In the attack on Taiwan plan formulated by General Su Yu in March 1950, 500,000 troops were needed to cross the sea and transport it in two times. With such a large number of troops, plus a large amount of supplies and guns and ammunition, how many ships and warships are needed in total? Su Yu once did accurate calculations. The attack on Taiwan was 500,000 people, all personnel, vehicles, horses, weapons, food, ammunition and other equipment weighed about 135,400 tons. In terms of 0.6 square meters per person on the ship, the load capacity of the ship was 760,000 tons, and 575 ships with tonnage of more than 1,000 tons were required. If the first echelon is counted as 60,000 (command team), there are 42,000 landing crafts. Su Yu knew very well that such a large number of ships would be difficult to solve in the short term.
.76 million tons of maritime transportation capacity was really not available at that time. Therefore, external assistance must be sought.
, looking at the Air Force’s support capabilities, it is basically zero. In November 1949, in order to cooperate with the attack on Taiwan, the Central Military Commission decided to form two more fighter regiments and one bomber regiment within 6 months.
Before the outbreak of the Korean War, China did not receive enough support from the Soviet Union or any external force. In the state where New China is poor and has no funds or technology, and its industrial technology production capacity is basically zero, it is impossible to establish a naval and air force that is sufficient to confront the Taiwan Navy and Air Force and transport 500,000 troops to Taiwan in the short term.
3, Taiwan’s party organizations were all caught in one place, and it is difficult to achieve cross-sea combat without internal response.
Due to the lack of strength of the navy and air force, the consistent strategy of liberating Taiwan is to dismantle the enemy from the inside and cooperate with the outside world, and to achieve a political solution to Taiwan without making any big fuss.
In order to complete the task of liberating Taiwan, the Central Committee established the Liberating Taiwan Working Committee headed by Su Yu. At the request of the CPC Central Committee, the East China Bureau also reported to the members of the Party and Government leadership team of Taiwan Province after the liberation of Taiwan: Shu Tong is the first secretary of the Taiwan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, and Liu Geping is the secretary of the provincial party committee. In order to train Taiwanese cadres, North China Military and Political University also specially established a "Taiwan Brigade".
The central government has repeatedly attached importance to Taiwan's work. After the Kuomintang "moved the capital to Taiwan", many high-level heavyweight officials also abandoned the secret and turned to the light, intending to serve as an internal support for the People's Liberation Army. The more famous one is Wu Shi, a red agent called "Secret Envoy No. 1" by Chairman Mao. Wu Shi made great contributions to the Party during the Huaihai Battle . Later, he traveled to Taiwan and served as the deputy chief of staff of the Ministry of National Defense, with a high position and a high position and a powerful position. Wu Shi also knew the danger. He said to his friend, "I have done too little for the people. Since there is still a chance, what is personal risk?" "The contact code given to me by the organization is 'Secret Envoy No. 1'. In order to avoid Chiang Kai-shek's suspicion, except for his eldest son Shaocheng and his eldest daughter Lan Cheng stayed in the mainland, his wife Wang Bikui and two underage children went to Taiwan with me."
However, at the critical moment of liberating Taiwan, the Taiwan party organization had a traitor, and the entire organization was uprooted by the Kuomintang. Chen Zemin, a member of the Taiwan Working Committee, was arrested and betrayed, and confessed to Cai Xiaogan. On January 29, 1950, Cai Xiaogan was also arrested and rebelled. Finally, on June 10, 1950, Wu Shi, Chen Baocang, Nie Xi, and Zhu Feng and were sentenced to death by the "Special Military Court" of the Taiwan authorities and executed immediately.
has no internal response, so it is the most difficult to cross the sea to fight. In the Battle of Crossing the River in April 1949, the warship uprising on the river surface of Jiangyin and played an important role, directly opening up the landing gap; looking at the Hainan Island Battle, the Qiongya Detachment responded to the landing troops on the long coastline, which played a key role. In Taiwan, these conditions are completely unfulfilled!
The Taiwan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China suffered a devastating blow in 1950, which means that the method of internal cooperation and internal collapse in Taiwan has basically failed.
4, the Soviet Union does not support the mainland, the United States supports Taiwan, and things cannot be done.
The victory of World War II in 1945 actually included the entire world in the Yalta system, and this is especially true for China as a weak country and poor country. All international political and economic activities in the second half of the last century were impossible without the participation of the two major powers of the United States and the Soviet Union. The Southeast Asia and South Asia Liberation Movement in the 1940s and 1950s was actually the result of the dissatisfaction with the old colonists such as Britain, France and the Netherlands, and the supreme. Rather than giving up on Britain, France and other countries' inability to control overseas colonies, the United States and the Soviet Union no longer allow them to retain overseas territories with a huge area and a large population.
Therefore, as a weak country, if New China wants to liberate Taiwan and complete the great cause of unification, it must win the support of the United States or the Soviet Union.
Of course it is impossible for the United States to stand on the side of the Kuomintang reactionaries in the War of Liberation. Liberation of Taiwan is naturally disagreeing with it as a continuation of the War of Liberation. Of course, it is not that the United States is unwilling to support the New China, but that the New China will never agree to the United States’ demand for aggression and gain imperialist support by selling its sovereignty and territorial integrity. The diplomatic principles of New China such as "starting a new job" and "cleaning the house and treating guests" have made the aggressive United States abandon the Chinese market and instead blockade the New China by blocking and siegeing China. Taiwan Island is the front line for the United States to blockade and encircle China.
Can Taiwan be liberated and can it gain the support of the Soviet Union? Chairman Mao first visited abroad in December 1949. When he arrived in the Soviet Union, he raised this question to Stalin . Chairman Mao directly and urgently proposed to Stalin: “KMT supporters have established a naval and air force base in Taiwan, and the lack of naval and air force has made it more difficult for the People's Liberation Army to occupy the island.With this in mind, some of our generals have been proposing to ask for Soviet aid, such as sending volunteer pilots or secret military contingents to assist in capturing Taiwan. ”
How did Stalin respond? He said: “This kind of aid is not impossible. We should have considered doing so. The problem is that we cannot give the United States a reason to interfere. If you are a commander or a military instructor, we can send it to you at any time, but other forms need to be considered. ”
In other words, in front of Chairman Mao, Stalin politely rejected the Navy and Air Force's plan to support the liberation of Taiwan.
When Stalin refused to say the words, the plan to liberation of Taiwan was equivalent to basically bankruptcy.
Did the United States express support for Taiwan at this time? On January 5, 1950, US President Truman issued a high-sounding statement on behalf of the US government, saying that it does not interfere in China's internal affairs. Recognize the principles against China that the UN General Assembly reiterated in the resolution adopted by December 8, 1949.
Even the United States also specifically stated for this, "Whoever destroys China's territorial integrity is the enemy of the United States", and declares that the United States' security line does not include Taiwan, nor South Korea. The United States will not take direct military actions to protect these places.
The United States does not intend to support Taiwan, but does not refuse to secretly provide help. Chiang Kai-shek retreated to Taiwan, Almost all the mainland's gold, silver and foreign exchange reserves were taken away, and it is estimated that there are about 3 million taels of gold and 200 million US dollars of foreign exchange. In the eyes of American arms dealers, Taiwan faces the mainland's military offensive and has large-scale gold and foreign exchange, which is the ideal place for arms sale. Therefore, while Taiwan is actively preparing for the refusal of unification, American arms dealers have never stopped selling arms to Taiwan. Whether it is armored vehicles, tanks or ships and shore guns, Taiwan can always obtain a steady stream of arms supply and strategic material replenishment from the United States.
In short, with the strength of the New China at the time, it is very, very difficult to liberate Taiwan by force.
However, during the Liberation War, the People's Liberation Army defeated the Kuomintang's 4.3 million aircraft and cannons with 1.3 million millets and rifles. Isn't it also difficult? Didn't it finally achieve great success?
War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea , the equipment and supplies of the volunteer army were far inferior to that of the United States. Didn’t the UN Army, led by , finally achieved great victory?
Although difficulties exist, the courage, determination and perseverance of the older generation of revolutionary military strategists and the older generation of PLA soldiers may be able to cross the strait to achieve great success.
It’s a pity that the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea broke out. Compared with Taiwan and the southeast coast, New China valued more the Northeast, which accounted for more than 70% of the industrial output value. If the Northeast is not safe, the industrialization and modernization of New China may become There is nowhere to be seen.
has three things, and the important thing is to do first! At that time, New China had three tasks that need to be dealt with. In addition to liberating Taiwan to eliminate the remnants of the Kuomintang reactionaries, we must also wipe out the bandits that have existed in the southwest for hundreds of years and liberate Tibet. We must also Resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea to ensure the security of the Northeast industrial base.
These three things, if we have to sort, they must be the first to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea, the second to liberate the southwest, and the second to liberate Taiwan was ranked third.
In particular, liberating Taiwan directly faced the Seventh Fleet of the United States, which was extremely difficult and lacked experience in the People's Liberation Army, and it was easier to be shelved.
From 1950 to 1953, the poor and backward New China fought a two-line war. On the one hand, it dispatched troops in the Northeast to fight the United Nations army led by the United States, and on the other hand, it carried out bandit suppression operations in the southwest region, and successfully completed the task of peacefully liberating Tibet. This is already a great achievement in the whole world. .
However, Taiwan was not liberated, which always left us with great regrets.
The work of liberating Taiwan was shelved, but in fact it had already happened in the early days of the outbreak of the Korean War. On July 13, 1950, just over a dozen days after the outbreak of the Korean War, Chairman Mao appointed Su Yu, the former commander-in-chief of the former enemy commander-in-chief of the attack on Taiwan, as the commander-in-chief and political commissar of the Northeast Frontier Defense Force. Since then, the liberation of Taiwan has begun to be shelved.
August 8, the commander of the Third Field Army, Chen Yi, , suggested to Chairman Mao and the Central Military Commission that the time for liberation of Taiwan should be postponed to 1952, and the proposal was approved.
On September 29, Chairman Mao instructed the General Administration of Press, "Please note in the future, only talk about attacking Taiwan and Tibet, not talking about any time."
In early November, Chairman Mao and the Central Military Commission lifted the task of attacking Kinmen by the 10th Corps and the task of attacking Taiwan by the 9th Corps and the task of attacking Taiwan by the . Subsequently, the Ninth Corps went north secretly and participated in the third battle of to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea the following year, and fought the tragic Battle of Changjin Lake .
New China has limited strength and must concentrate superior forces against the main enemies. This is an important experience in Chairman Mao's long-term military command career. The main force went north to resist the U.S. aggression and aid Korea, and the plan to liberate Taiwan could only be temporarily shelved.
Chairman Mao once expressed his deep repentance in this regard. Perhaps, in Chairman Mao’s view, the plan to liberate Taiwan should be implemented earlier.
According to Wang Li, who had served as the deputy minister of the of the CCCC, Mao Zedong once talked to him about the historical issue of liberating Taiwan: " This is the first major historical mistake made by our party after the Seventh National Congress. At that time, Chiang Kai-shek had not yet established a firm foothold in Taiwan, and the Americans also withdrew the Seventh Fleet from Taiwan. It was originally the best time to liberate Taiwan, but we lost the opportunity. We only saw that Hu Zongnan still had a large army in the southwest, so 2 The wings were divided into the southwest, and the wings 3 third field had to guard the big cities and clear away the remaining enemies, so they did not concentrate the wings and the third field to liberate Taiwan, but defeated the Kinmen with their inferior forces. In this way, Chiang Kai-shek survived in Taiwan's chess. "
In Chairman Mao's view, if the wings and the third field could concentrate on fighting Taiwan first and then rush troops westward to liberate South China and the southwest, perhaps the great cause of national reunification would be easier to complete.
However, even a great man could not foresee the Korean War would break out in 1950, nor could it be foreseeable that the time window of the War of Liberation would be so short. As the greatest strategist in the world's history, Chairman Mao really couldn't imagine going to encircle the enemy at sea. In the process of liberating the Southwest, Chairman Mao only surrounded the enemy on the coastline, annihilated the enemy into the mainland within hundreds of kilometers, and cut off the enemy's sea escape route.
There was no outbreak of the Korean War, or the attack on Taiwan was earlier than the outbreak of the Korean War. With the determination and courage of the People's Liberation Army, Taiwan will definitely be liberated!
is just, history cannot be assumed, and the road that has not been taken may not be in full bloom.
I am a historical governor, thank you for your attention, likes, comments, forwarding and support.
References:
Meng Zhaogeng "How Mao Zedong planned to liberate Taiwan by force before and after the founding of New China"
