"Biography of Painting Man" ~ Chapter 194
Shen Zhou created a special position in Suzhou in the history of calligraphy and painting art in the middle and late Ming Dynasty!
text/Lu Xiuhui
Shen Zhou (1427-1509), whose courtesy name is Qi Nan, his nickname is Shi Tian, Bai Shiweng, Yu Tiansheng, and the master of Youzhuju, a master of painting in the Ming Dynasty, the founder of the Wumen School of Painting, one of the four schools of the Ming Dynasty, and from Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu).
Shen Zhou's great-grandfather Shen Liang is Wang Meng's friend. Wang Meng once visited Shen Liang on a snowy night and improvised paintings, which were treasured by the Shen family. Shen Liang and his wife Xu worked hard to run the Shen family gradually flourished, "a large scale and good at managing the family." At the same time, Shen Liang is proficient in the appreciation of calligraphy and painting.
Shen Zhou's grandfather Shen Cheng was elected as a talent in his early years because of his talent. However, he did not become an official, but instead took his sons to live in Yangcheng Lake Town, Suzhou, a place called "Xizhuang". The Shen family is well-off and does not need to get a salary. Therefore, Shen Cheng calls a bunch of people every day to have a banquet. It is said that a banquet is set up every day to entertain guests. If no one is present, he will send someone to the stream to observe, for fear that the guests will not come. People compare him to Gu Zhongying, a famous scholar in Jiangnan who "poems go away from autumn and spring, and a full picture of books comes to guests." Shen Cheng lived in Xizhuang all his life, lived in seclusion and studied, and traveled to the mountains and rivers. He was good at poetry and painting, and was particularly famous for his poetry in Jiangnan. He died at the age of 88.
Shen Zhou's father Shen Heng inherited his father's hospitality, also enjoyed seclusion and liked to drink with guests. Both his brother Shen Zhen were good at poetry and painting. Their painting skills surpassed their father. Although they didn't have many works, they were praised as "the masterpiece" by later generations. Shen Heng is Du Qiong's student, and the father and son are the same teacher, which is a good story for a while. Shen Zhou's uncle Shen Zhenji and father Shen Hengji were both noble people, and they had no intention of making fame and fortune. They lived in seclusion in a bamboo house, enjoying reading, writing poetry and painting, and even their servants could write and write articles.
Shen Zhou, as the leader of the "Four School of Ming Dynasty", opened the "Wumen Painting School" that was longed in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.
Because of Shen Zhou's rise, all of the "Four Ming families" were from Suzhou, while the other three were Wen Zhengming, Tang Yin, and Qiu Ying, while the "Wumen Painting School" involved more. They were prosperous in Suzhou, and because of their existence, Suzhou naturally formed the Chinese cultural center and calligraphy and painting center. What makes them different from ordinary local schools of painting is that they represent China and the Ming Dynasty era in China. Wen Zhengming and Tang Yin both studied Shen Zhou, but Qiu Ying was later than Shen Zhou, but undoubtedly benefited from Wen Zhengming and Tang Yin. Shen Zhou made great contributions to calligraphy and painting in the Ming Dynasty.
When Shen Zhou was young, he followed Chen Mengxian to study. Chen Mengxian and Shen Zhou were from the same town. He was the son of Chen Ji, a doctor of the Five Classics. Du Qiong studied with Chen Ji again. Chen Ji's father Chen Ruyan was a famous landscape painter, and his painting master Zhao Mengfu; Chen Ji's teacher Wang Xing was also a painter who was good at painting landscapes, and his name was "Wang Pomo" at that time; Chen Ji himself painted bamboo manually; Du Qiong was also the teacher of Shen Heng and Shen Zhou. This teacher-student relationship with the wrong people has laid the groundwork for the prosperity of Wumen culture. After Du Qiong's death, Shen Zhou specially drew the "Dongyuan Picture" volume and wrote Du Qiong's chronology and tribute to express his admiration and nostalgia for his teacher. I often miss it with poetry. In his poem "Inscription on the Rain Scenery of Mr. Du Dongyuan", he said:
The old original painting method is mature, and the paper is heavy and thick green.
The wet leaves in the heavy forest are about to fall into the ground, and
The stream flows like a whisper of jade.
Lushan Jiudianqing is not dry,
Autumn shadow swallows this long picture.
is really afraid of rain blowing on your face,
needs to wash your eyes for people at that time.
Tengwang pearl curtain is just rolling,
Dong's dilapidated house cannot be accommodated.
When you go out, you smile and the sky is high,
still wonders that the spring mud is dirty.
When Shen Zhou was eleven years old, he wrote a hundred poems and presented them to the Minister Cui Gong. Cui Gong asked Shen Zhou to copy "Phoenix Platform Fu". Shen Zhou passed by in a flash. Cui Gong couldn't help but sigh for a long time, and Shen Zhou was a genius.
Because of Shen Zhou's excellence, there are naturally many people who recommend him as an official. Shen Zhou used the "Book of Changes" to take a divination for himself and got the ninth fifth line of the "Dun" hexagram. It is Jiajie and Zhenji. Escape is auspicious and worthy of reward, and it will be more auspicious if you persist. Moreover, the strength of the client may be transformed into the main party, which will turn bad things into good things.Therefore, following the words of the yao strengthened his determination to live in seclusion, so he continued to escape from the world. As he mentioned in his poem "There are Weeping Wanders in front of the Door", he lived a day of being dazed, thinking about his spring, and thinking about his friends. The poem says:
There are weeping willows in front of the Door, so how can the branches and leaves be miserable?
The flowers are about to reach the ground, but suddenly the wind blows again.
shakes the young woman's heart, and misses the wandering children from all over the world.
worry about the loss of muscles and dare not be in the face of flowing water.
The Shen family's thought of seclusion has a lot to do with Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhu Yuanzhang committed various crimes to the Jiangnan region and kept punishing this region with revenge. The people's taxes were aggravated arbitrarily, civil officials and military officials were killed, and even painters were inevitably killed. Zhao Yuan, Sheng Zhuo, Xu Ben, Chen Ruyan, Wang Meng and others were all tragically persecuted. As for the "Four Heroes of Wuzhong", Gao Qi, Yang Ji, Zhang Yu, Xu Ben and the "Ten Friends of Beiguo" were also slaughtered. The Shen family is not short of money, and they live in seclusion in Jiangnan. Therefore, Shen Zhou was accompanied by flowing water, bamboo, pavilions and houses all day long, and friends with pictures, books, incense burners and wine glasses. Celebrities from all over the world came to visit him and follow him, which gave him a peerless atmosphere. Even warriors like Li Sheng visited him. In his poem "Meet Li Sheng", he said:
Li Sheng is in the north, and his strength is prideful.
The mulberry bow is as strong as iron, gently pulling the left and right arms.
Hunting the South Mountain in a short clothes, and the tigers are waiting to die.
Officials and officials often get rid of cavalry, one is a bit of a sudden and two.
with a smile on his pocket and he will make up for the restaurant's expenses. Drink 300 cups of
, and the taste is not enough to sleep.
I took gold cakes in the middle of the night and transferred the prostitutes from the neighbors across the building.
is rampant in Chang'an, and Wulings praises the righteousness.
The autumn summer is over, and it is amazing to take off your clothes.
beat the bed to help talk about the chips, and listen to the candle.
The guests dare not uproar, and they are intimidating the spirit of the Heshuo.
has no Yang Kai Mansion, who should I do?
Someone kept encouraging Shen Zhou to become an official, and he said, "I have parents to support him." After his father passed away, he said to the exhortationer: "My mother cannot live without me, and I cannot live without my mother. We rely on each other, and I will never leave her family's side no matter what." His mother died at the age of 99, and he is already eighty. He would never travel far if he was an official, for his mother all his life.
Although Shen Zhou reads everything, he did not read for the exam; his articles were Zuo Si's "Kan'an legacy", and he did not write for profit and wealth; his poetry studies Bai Juyi, Su Shi, and Lu You, and he traveled around the sea of poetry to let his mood; he learned calligraphy by Huang Tingjian, leisurely and contentedly, and was able to wander around the reins of his pen; he was particularly good at painting, with profound attainments, and was also skilled in landscapes, flowers and birds, and was also able to draw figures, and had outstanding achievements in landscapes, flowers and birds, and was worthy of the first place in the Ming Dynasty. He never took the imperial examination in his life, so he did not write articles for the imperial examination, and he lived a very self-centered life.
The newly appointed county magistrate wanted to find a painter to paint the walls in his new home. A jealous juren of Shen Zhou reported his name, so the government recruited him and sent a servant to arrest him. Someone advised Shen Zhou to go and find the princes and nobles for pardon, but Shen Zhou said, "Let me paint the walls. This is a duty to serve, and I have no right to stop them. I went to visit the princes and nobles, how did I speak? I said I don't want to serve? Isn't this a humiliation? As long as I don't disturb my mother, I will definitely complete the assignment of the county magistrate." He carefully completed the work assigned to him and returned home after serving the labor service.
Soon after, the county magistrate went to see the emperor when the chief assistant Wang Yang asked the county magistrate, "Is Shen Zhou healthy?" The county magistrate didn't know how to answer, and said vaguely, "Mr. Shen is very good." The county magistrate then paid homage to the cabinet minister Li Dongyang. Li Dongyang asked him, "Does Mr. Shen have trust?" The county magistrate was even more shocked, but he still said, "I have trust, but it has not been delivered." After the county magistrate came out, he hurriedly paid homage to the minister Wu Kuan with fear and fear, and asked Wu Kuan, "Who is Mr. Shen Zhou?" Wu Kuan told Shen Zhou in detail about his character, academic, cultivation, art and influence. The county magistrate asked about Shen Zhou's appearance again, and Wu Kuan explained and described it in detail. The county magistrate became even more frightened and asked his servants. Then he realized that the craftsman who painted the walls at home was Mr. Shen Zhou.After returning to Suzhou, he felt ashamed and did not even return home. He immediately visited Shen Zhou, and made two special prayers, and sincerely reviewed himself. Shen Zhou was a famous "good guy", so he naturally didn't care and just smiled it. He has a song called "Living in Living", which is quite good at understanding his mentality. The poem says:
is full of hair and the wild monk,
is the best in the world.
Wandering to be full of sleep and slim down,
pictures make you copy books with old eyes.
The house is short and the thatched beard is thick, and the windows should be clear and the bamboo should be sparse.
Heart and Tao Weng have a relationship, and
I love my house as well.
Shen Zhou doesn’t like urban life, he prefers rural areas. Since his ancestors, he has not liked fame and fortune. For several lifetimes, the men in the Shen family were all otaku, all studied at home, and stayed at home, enjoying writing and painting. The Shen family is an absolute family of calligraphy and painting. Not to mention the distance, his father Shen Heng was a student of Du Qiong and was good at calligraphy and painting. Shen Zhou's uncle was also famous in the village for his poetry, calligraphy and painting. They recite poems and paintings throughout their lives, and wander around the forest and spring. They only care about spiritual freedom and are afraid to avoid the turbid reality. Therefore, Shen Zhou's father, ancestors and great-grandfathers never received the imperial examinations throughout his life. Shen Zhou also bought a comfortable residence outside the city, hiding his own traces and being content with calligraphy and painting. The villagers responded to what they wanted. In his poem "Answering the Monk's Ask for Painting", he said:
is the only way to go back and wear straw sandals, and
is a vegetarian and fasting for old houses.
Thousand miles of clouds travel debt,
One single day Anyue is at home.
bananas are left in the court because of the word "support",
ripe bamboo shoots are not sold in the garden.
Why bother with coarse ink?
This heart is still falling into the dust.
Shen Zhou's fellow townsman, the chief assistant Wang Yang, specially talked to him in order to make an official career. Wang Yang said: "Mr. Shen, if you have such good talent, why don't you come out to be an official?" Shen Zhou replied; "My name is Shitian, which means making a living in the inkstone field. It is like a field full of stones, which is useless and has no future!"
Shen Zhou learned from all the strengths of the people in art, and went from various schools in the Song and Yuan dynasties to form concessions, intensiveness to form consciences, and finally became himself. Shen Zhou was known for his small strokes in his early years. After the age of 40, he practiced with his pen and achieved steady strength, and he won with his bone strength. In my later years, I saw the rough, simple and bold again, and I used my momentum to be strong. The landscape paintings he made show the three distant scenery of traditional landscape paintings. The southern landscape is the main object of learning, and the leisurely interest of literati life is the main subject. Shen Zhou made a very, almost perfect combination of poetry, calligraphy and painting. Shen Zhou learned from Huang Tingjian's calligraphy, and his calligraphy style was "strong and strange". When his calligraphy was integrated with his vigorous and thick landscape painting, his calligraphy and painting were similar and coordinated, and more showing the beauty of calligraphy and painting art.
Lu Xiuhui has a song "Song for Shen Zhou", and the poem says:
Looking at this mountain in my heart,
Hope to be clear and clear.
is different from others in this life,
is only willing to sit in a pile of calligraphy and painting.
The custom is swept, and
Wu Diwen is transported back.
is like a willow standing,
is awesome and has a brand name.
recommends the world,
is better to be a civil servant.
People with scholars have been proud of each generation, but
is willing to work hard for their teachers.
Rain blows like this,
sings and dances in a hurry.
, front and back, and
, no one can wander.
There is no need to thank you for the grand banquet,
only needs gentlemen and beautiful women to accompany each other.
80 still pity the kind mother and kindness,
is happy to be happy and willing to stay in old age.
Dreaming and sleeping in the west window is not free,
plays the shadows and the sands are far away.
has been in the Wumen style as soon as it opens, and
is still a guess.
has been tired of this throughout his life, and
has been tired throughout his life.
Calligraphy and painting are a joyful thing for poetry,
Green mountains and green waters are like paintings.
Jiangnan has agreed,
will not recommend it from now on.
The country is full of cutting and cutting, and
is a detailed poem and painting.
The world's wind and moon come to your arms,
Don't teach the world that only hurts this heart?
