Recently, the Chaoshan Money House Exhibition Hall located in Shantou Museum was completed and opened. The exhibition hall is carefully organized by the Shantou Municipal Government, the Municipal CPPCC, the Municipal Bureau of Culture, Radio, Film, Tourism and Sports, and the Municipal Museum. It deeply explores the past and present of Chaoshan Money House, and strives to be close to the characteristics of the money house and reflect the characteristics of Chaoshan.
money shop, an private finance organization. Since the opening of Shantou, the money shop has existed in the Chaoshan area for decades, which has not only become an important support for the financial development of Shantou commercial ports, but also witnessed the innocent feelings of overseas Chinese to love their country and hometown.
inch ink silver letter sends homesickness. Once upon a time, a overseas Chinese copy and a silver note were the bonds that maintain the relationship between overseas Chinese and overseas Chinese in my hometown, and was regarded as the "lifeline" of countless families; now, these "living cultural relics" of overseas Chinese have become an indispensable part of the articles that make good "overseas Chinese" in the new era. Against this background, building the Chaoshan Money House Exhibition Hall, sorting out and exhibiting historical materials, leaving memories and homesickness is the exploration and practice of Shantou's insistence on attracting overseas Chinese culture.
Chaoshan Money House Exhibition Hall
Construction Exhibition Hall
Experts went to many places to collect historical materials
"In the past, when overseas Chinese sent overseas Chinese to their families for approval, they often sent money. How did this money be sent?" This question has aroused the interest and attention of members of the Cultural and Cultural and Historical Materials Committee of the Shantou Municipal CPPCC.
The committee’s special researcher Zhang Yaohui told reporters that more than 100 years ago, overseas Chinese sent money back to their hometowns, and they could not send the circulating currency back directly. They could only deposit and withdraw money through overseas money shops and their hometown money shops. This requires an intermediary agency that is connected inside and outside - money shops.
The overseas Chinese approval at that time actually included Yinhexin. When overseas Chinese send the approval, Jiaxin and the money meeting handed over to the Certificate Bureau. The Certificate Bureau transferred the money to the Shantou Lianhao money shop through overseas banks, while Jiaxin was sent to the Shantou Internet money shop through the post office. After receiving the approval letter, the Shantou Certification Bureau used the list sent with the approval letter to exchange the payment at the online banknote, and then combined the letter and the payment to the overseas Chinese.
So, when did the money dealer appear? And how does it work? ...This series of issues has become the focus of the preparation and construction of the exhibition hall after the Shantou CPPCC Municipal Cultural and Cultural and Historical Materials Committee.
"In the past six months, we have gone to many places, found a lot of information, and gradually restored the money shop's appearance at that time." Zhang Yaohui said that in the process of searching for relevant information, they discovered a lot of little-known history in Chaoshan's financial industry.
Among them, we have a clearer understanding of the time when the money bank appears. In 1860, Shantou opened a port, and the opening of ports and the prosperity of commerce. In addition, Shantou has many tidal flats, and many land owners hired dedicated personnel to be responsible for the agency to collect tidal flat rent. They withdraw some funds from their daily rents as commercial lending capital and lend them to Shantou merchants, which is the beginning of Chaoshan financial lending institutions. Gradually, these agent teams became larger and larger, and the huge amount of funds recovered needed to be flowed, which made them look like the original appearance of the money shop. By the end of the 19th century, Chaoshan Money House had already reached a certain scale and formed its initial operating model.
Zhang Yaohui said that the previous records about Chaoshan Money House were relatively scattered, and members of the Shantou Municipal CPPCC Cultural and Cultural and Historical Materials Committee have gone through hardships and searched. By chance, they learned that Tokyo collected foreign language and historical materials from the early Shantou financial development, and specially searched locally through international students, which was able to restore the development context of Chaoshan Money House. This harvest also laid the foundation for the construction of the Chaoshan Money House Exhibition Hall.
Searching for history
Burst bank reflects business integrity
According to relevant information, in 1900, there were 12 Shantou bankers. At the same time, Chaoshan businessmen traveling abroad also set up money shops at home and abroad. Taking Shanghai as an example, from 1912 to 1926, Chaozhou Businessmen in Shanghai held a total of as many as 33 money shops. Due to trade relations, most of these money shops founded by Chaozhou merchants have financial transactions with Shantou money shops, forming a linked financial network.
Chaoshan Money Houses are blooming everywhere, which brings certain disadvantages. The operating levels of each money house are uneven and the market is not standardized.Taking the first silver dealer in Shantou "Sincerity and Trust Silver dealer" as an example, the original agent for the custody of Chao Customs (now Shantou Customs ), but later due to poor management, the funds of the silver dealer were borrowed, resulting in the deficit of the bank treasury.
"At this time, Chaoshan Money House entered a new stage of group development." Zhang Yaohui found in the collection of information that at that time, in order to regulate the financial market, the owner of the money house established a foreign exchange office through negotiation and injecting capital. The foreign exchange office is a trading place for Shantou Yinzhuang to buy and sell bills of exchange and currencies at various ports. The morning trading is from 8:00 to 10:00 every day, and from 12:00 to 10:00 to 10:00, the evening market is from 12:00 to 10:00 to 10:00 every day. The business scope includes exchange of silver coins, issuance of seven redemption notes, regular loans, overseas Chinese approval business, etc. The Exchange Exchange Office is equivalent to today's stock exchanges. "It can be seen that Chaoshan people have a long history of being good at doing business."
It is worth mentioning that in order to adapt to the development of trade and large-scale trading of , the Exchange Exchange Office also issued local currencies in Chaoshan area - Seven Silver and Seven Notes.
Seven Silver is silver dollar . Due to inconvenience and false silver, it was replaced by general banknote Seven Redemption notes soon; Seven Redemption notes can not only be exchanged locally, but also can be settled simultaneously with Hong Kong, Singapore and other places. The birth of these two currencies is conducive to market exchange settlement and large-scale OCBC distribution, and is convenient for trading and settlement with the outside world.
"The emergence of seven redemption not only witnessed the stage of Shantou's financial industry moving from irregular to gradual standardization, but also meant that the financial market at that time entered the new credit currency era." In Zhang Yaohui's view, seven redemption notes have the characteristics of high credit, and also established the integrity system in Chaoshan area at that time, reflecting the honest and trustworthy commodity nature of the Chaozhou people.
It was driven by these credit currencies that the money-making industry in Chaoshan area has since entered a period of rapid development.
Digging stories
Revitalized cultural relics show the characteristics of overseas Chinese
Looking back on the past, the economic development of Chaoshan area is due to the power of overseas Chinese. Overseas Chinese are everywhere in the development of Chaoshan Money House and even the financial industry. In this process, overseas Chinese have helped their hometown development through finance, capital, etc., and have also shown overseas Chinese's patriotic feelings for their hometown.
In the Chaoshan Money House exhibition hall, the story of , one of the founders of , , Lin Bingyan, , was recorded and displayed. Lin Bingyan is a 3-member html. When he was a child, he dropped out of school due to family difficulties. He first went to a small money house in Guangzhou as an apprentice. Later, he was appreciated by the close friends of the money house owner and recommended to work as a clerk at Shantou money house, responsible for going out to collect and deliver exchange orders and coins.
Later, after Lin Bingyan mastered the process and financial rules of the money shop, he went to Shanghai to establish Dachang Money Shopping, and in 1933, he founded the Hang Seng Bank on Central Ring Road, Hong Kong, becoming a famous patriotic financier.
Coincidentally, a "reply" letter from Lianfengzhuang Yinzhuang, Shantou District, returned to Malacca, Malaysia in 1949, also witnessed the family and country feelings of overseas Chinese and their hometown families.
11 In December 1948, in order to protect people's property, the Chaoshan Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish Yumin Bank in Nanshanwei by the Chaojiefeng Bank Committee, and quickly designed, processed and printed the "Yumin circulation vouchers" for the circulating currency in the liberated area.
11949, the South China Branch of the CPC Central Committee asked the Party Central Committee for instructions in response to the situation where financial chaos in South China and the fact that currency became a serious problem, and planned to establish South China Bank and issue circulation coupons. With the approval of the Party Central Committee, the South China Branch decided in April to establish the Southern People's Bank of China and issue the Southern People's Bank of China's Bank of China's circulating vouchers.
htmlOn July 8, the Southern People's Bank of China was officially established in Hepo, Jieyang. On the 23rd, Yumin Bank was rebuilt into the Chaoshan Branch of the People's Bank of China, and the equivalent value of Yumin circulation coupons was replaced with Southern circulation coupons.This "reply" clearly records that after July 1949, the Yumin bond in Shantou is equivalent to the Southern People's Bank of China circulating coupons, and each Hong Kong dollar can be exchanged for Southern People's Bank of China 16 yuan in that month.
"From the ‘return criticism’, we can see that overseas Chinese is excited to share the development of our hometown with our relatives. And we have also discovered a lot of such touching stories in the process of preparing for the exhibition hall."
The origin of this letter is very tortuous. According to Zhang Yaohui, in order to enrich the exhibition hall's collection, the Shantou Municipal CPPCC Culture and Cultural and Historical Materials Committee mobilized resources from all parties to jointly search. Last month, they saw the "return to the "Silver Bank + Red + Overseas Chinese Approval" online about to be auctioned, so they contacted the seller to hope to trade privately, but the seller disagreed. In desperation, members of the Shantou Municipal CPPCC Culture and Cultural and Historical Materials Committee took turns to the auction for two consecutive weeks, and finally entered the museum as they wished.
Zhang Yaohui said that Shantou is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese, and in different periods of urban development, overseas Chinese play an irreplaceable role. Whether it is overseas Chinese approval, silver notes, or money houses, these precious elements not only witness the difficult entrepreneurial history of the older generation of overseas Chinese and the strong sense of family and country, but also an important manifestation of the Chinese nation's credibility and commitment. The construction of the Chaoshan Money House Exhibition Hall is to promote the culture Revitalize and utilize objects, reproduce the financial history of Chaoshan, highlight the characteristics of overseas Chinese hometowns, build cultural bridges, effectively transform the advantages of overseas Chinese into Shantou's development advantages, and make good articles on "overseas Chinese" in the new era with heart and emotion.
■On-site exploration
6 Hundreds of exhibits reproduce the financial history of Chaoshan
天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天天� The Chinese capital... Walking into the Chaoshan Money House Exhibition Hall located in the Shantou Museum, the brand new exhibition hall displays hundreds of precious exhibits, including silver dollars, silver notes, abacus and other physical objects, as well as historical images such as old photos.
These items comprehensively and systematically tell the relationship between Chaoshan Money House, finance and overseas Chinese capital through the careful arrangement of the organizer, and create an immersive experience scene with new vision and new technology. It is understood that during the National Day holiday, the Chaoshan Money House Exhibition Hall is open normally, waiting for citizens and tourists to visit and "check in".
Silver House Tickets incorporate Chinese and Western elements
As a newly established exhibition hall, Chaoshan Money House Exhibition Hall will use the history of Chaoshan Money House Development, Shantou Port History, Overseas Chinese Culture and other contents to create an exhibition hall that is both in line with objective history, and is local, humanistic, unique, professional, knowledgeable, educational and artistic. Among them, a large number of silver house tickets exhibited on site have become the most distinctive art exhibits in the museum.
reporter visited and saw that because of the influence of Chinese and Western culture, Chaoshan Yin House Tickets are both rich in Western artistic characteristics and incorporating Chaoshan traditional colors. Silver house tickets with similar sizes and different styles contain the characteristics of the elements of the times. At the same time, it also presents its own unique artistic wisdom.
On a silver bank note named Yuanchangzhuang, there is a similar anti-counterfeiting seal on the left, which reads "Piece, Crack Cropped Seal" on it. According to the exhibition hall tour guide, in the era when silver bank note was circulated, verification and proofreading can be performed here.
And the other side of most silver bank note is also equipped with anti-counterfeiting seals, mostly finely carved ox horn seals, and the border is engraved in the cold. Three friends "pine, bamboo, plum", or four gentlemen "plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum", or the eight-digit or dark-Eight Immortals pattern, etc. Chinese traditional culture style. Not only does it indicate the release time, but it also carved auspicious words, such as wealth, long-standing history, gathering of thousands of merchants, Xinyi Tongshang, Wan Fang came to the court, etc.
" These silver banknotes used the steel gravure engraving and printing with the most exquisite technology and the highest anti-counterfeiting accuracy at that time. "The exhibition hall tour guide told reporters that the format of the silver banknotes issued by money houses in Chaoshan area follows traditional customs and basic government requirements. First there are vertical tickets, and then horizontal tickets are more common. Vertical tickets are printed in extremely exquisitely, and the paper is made of high-end, durable, watermarked banknotes. The content of the silver banknote is also very particular, with obvious Chaoshan characteristics. On a silver banknote called Chen Honglizhan, it can be seen that the words "shao" and "she" are written in the name column. The exhibition hall tour guide said that this is exactly the Chaoshan common saying and title. In the past, middle-aged and elderly people in Chaoshan dialect , middle-aged and elderly people often called young men "shao", while the princes of powerful families were called "she", which means praising the good life and high money.
In terms of numbers, silver banknotes have a unique symbol of the times.The reporter saw that the Chaoshan Huiduizhuang part is numbered using " Thousand Character Text ", and the number writing of the money bank is very different from the Arabic numerals that are used to writing at present. Traditional Chinese numbers are mostly capitalized in Chinese characters such as one, two, three, or one, two, and three. However, commercial numbers evolve the writing of traditional numbers and use cursive codes (commonly known as Suzhou codes). In this way, enough numbers can be written in a limited space.
Immersive History Pavilion shows the prosperity of a century
In addition to physical display, Chaoshan Money House Pavilion also has interactive experience areas.
"Just enter relevant information on the screen to customize a unique 'yinzhuang ticket' for Chaoshan Money House." The exhibition hall tour guide told reporters that in the Yinzhuang ticket experience area, visitors can fill in the name, address, time and other information on the Yinzhuang ticket according to their own preferences, and print the Yinzhuang ticket in real time as a souvenir.
Another abacus experience area in the exhibition hall, traditional numerical calculations using abacus as a tool have also been given new vitality.
is a national intangible cultural heritage. Abacus is a calculation technology that uses abacus as a tool, based on arithmetics and algorithms, and uses formulas to move beads through fingers to perform mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and square calculation. Today, this calculation method rarely appears in daily life. In the exhibition hall, visitors can experience the fun of abacus calculation at zero distance and feel the sound of Chaoshan Money House's calculation sounds more than a hundred years ago.
"Through film and television, interaction and experience these new expression methods, we hope to restore the original appearance of Chaoshan Money House more richly and truly." According to relevant personnel from the Shantou Museum, the Chaoshan Money House Exhibition Hall has focused on using digital elements such as technology, cloud data since its inception, to create an immersive, interactive and experiential historical exhibition hall, and strive to open a display window for citizens to tell the history and culture of Chaoshan.
In the exhibition hall, banknotes, letters, instruments, and interactive functions are like tour guides traveling through history, leading visitors to gain an in-depth understanding of the spiritual wealth, cultural precipitation and civilized achievements of the vast number of overseas Chinese and overseas Chinese hometowns to build their homes and pursue a better life.
According to data, Chaoshan Money House, which appeared since the end of the 19th century, has experienced different development periods such as growth, prosperity, and decline, and has come to an end at the end of 1950.
"Chaoshan Money House is not only an important part of China's financial industry in modern times, but also plays an active role in the changes in the modern financial system." Relevant personnel from Shantou Museum said that the Chaoshan Money House Exhibition Hall comprehensively, systematically and multi-dimensionally displays the complete lifeline of Chaoshan Money House and the rules of Chaozhou people's business, recreates the glory of a hundred years of commercial ports, reflects the patriotic and loves the hometown of overseas Chinese, continues the positive and enterprising spirit of Chaozhou people, and inspires people from all walks of life to live up to their youth, never forget their original aspirations, and move forward bravely and set out again to create new glory in Shantou.
■Reading
Chaoshan Money House Development Record
1900, there were 12 Shantou Money Houses
1903-1904, there were 19 Shantou Money Houses with a total capital of 2.24 million taels
1922, there were 139 Shantou Money Houses with a capital of 3.884 million yuan. Yuan, the issuance of banknotes was 2.349 million yuan
1925, Shantou money houses reached 168
1929, Shantou money houses had 182 till the heyday of Chaoshan money houses. In
1950, the Chaoshan money house era ended
Source: Southern Daily
Shan Xiaobu: Please help Xiaobu forward this article!
official account/ Sina Weibo /Nanfang+/Today's headline
@Shantou Government Affairs Release
