Among them, malignant nodules only account for a small part, so there is no need to "discuss the nodules with slurredness". The cause of thyroid nodules is not very clear, and it is generally believed to be related to the following factors: 1) Iodine deficiency or excessive iodin

Author: Wang Jianhua Chief Physician Diabetes Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Jinan Hospital in Shandong Province

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Introduction: Nowadays, with the popularity of physical examinations, thyroid nodules is becoming more and more common, and people pay attention to it degrees. At the same time, there are also many questions and doubts. Below, we will choose some representative questions to answer them, hoping to relieve everyone's confusion.

What is a thyroid nodule?

thyroid nodules are a general term for intrathyroid lumps. They can be divided into cystic nodules, proliferative nodules, inflammatory nodules and tumor nodules. Among tumor nodules, they are divided into benign adenomas and malignant tumors (including papillary carcinoma , follicular cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, etc.). Among them, malignant nodules only account for a small part (about 5%), so there is no need to "talk about nodules". Why does

grow thyroid nodules? The cause of

thyroid nodules is not very clear, and it is generally believed to be related to the following factors: 1) Iodine deficiency or excessive iodine intake. 2) Autoimmune function disorders. 3) Family gene inheritance. 4) The head and neck were radiation during childhood. 5) Inflammatory lesions caused by viral or bacterial infection. 6) Emotional anxiety and depression. All of these factors may affect the development of thyroid nodules.

Is thyroid nodules harmful to the body?

Whether the thyroid nodule is harmful to the body depends mainly on the benign and malignant nature, size and state of the nodule.

1. Benevolent and malignant: benign nodules are basically harmless to the body. They only need to be reviewed once every 6 to 12 months; malignant nodules (i.e. thyroid cancer ) can threaten life and health and require timely and reasonable treatment. In fact, most thyroid cancers have a good prognosis and patients can survive for a long time.

2. Size: small nodules generally have no discomfort symptoms. Large nodules will compress surrounding tissues and organs, resulting in hoarseness, difficulty breathing, difficulty swallowing, etc.

3. Physiodynamic status: Most nodules are non-functional nodules, but a few nodules can secrete thyroid hormones independently, leading to hyperthyroidism. Patients are afraid of heat, sweating, palpitations, hand tremors, insomnia, weight loss, diarrhea, menstrual disorders, etc. What are the characteristics of

B ultrasound examination highly suggestive of malignant nodules? Ultrasound characteristics of malignant nodules of

: 1) Hypoecho. 2) Irregular shape. 3) The boundaries are unclear. 4) There are multiple microcalcifications inside the nodules. 5) The aspect ratio of the nodule is greater than 1. 6) The blood flow inside the nodule is abundant.

Note: Grout-like fine calcification is the manifestation of malignant nodules, but malignant nodules may not have calcification, and benign nodules can also have calcification, and circular or bulky calcification is basically benign.

Will the aspiration of fine needles of thyroid nodules cause cancer metastasis?

Thyroid nodule fine needle aspiration is the most reliable diagnostic method for judging the properties of thyroid nodules. Its safety is unquestionable. At present, there are no reports of fine needle aspiration at home and abroad that lead to tumor transplantation and metastasis. Patients can rest assured.

Is there any way to narrow the nodules?

The methods for reducing the nodules are: 1) TSH inhibitory therapy, but the effect is not good and has certain side effects. 2) Ablation: including thermal ablation, anhydrous ethanol injection, etc. 3) Surgical resection, but may recur, and generally no recommendation is made.

It should be emphasized that for benign thyroid nodules, unless the nodules are large in size or have repeated bleeding, they generally do not need to be treated, and patients can have regular follow-up.

What kind of nodules require surgical treatment?

needs to consider surgical treatment if the following conditions are: 1) puncture biopsy proves to be a malignant nodule. 2) Rapid growth and highly suspected to be malignant nodules. 3) Nodules with large size and compression symptoms. 4) Nodules with hyperthyroidism (can be treated with surgery or iodine 131). 5) Nodules that have repeated bleeding.

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How often should thyroid nodules be reviewed

Because the accuracy of B-ultrasound on the diagnosis of benign and malignant nodules is affected by many factors such as the size of the nodules and the level of the examiner, patients who first diagnose thyroid nodules should be followed up regularly, generally once every 3 to 6 months, and then once every 6 to 12 months according to actual conditions. For those with high suspicion of malignant nodules, ultrasound-guided downward thyroid fine needle aspiration can be used for diagnosis.

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Do patients with thyroid nodules need iodine limit?

In addition to patients with hyperthyroidism or iodine 131 before treatment, simple non-functional thyroid nodules do not need to avoid iodine, and they can eat a normal diet. In addition, if Hashimoto thyroiditis is combined, although there is no need to strictly limit iodine, a high-iodine diet should also be avoided.

Can patients with thyroid nodules exercise normally?

If it is a simple benign nodule, you can exercise normally; but if it is combined with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, it is best to wait until the thyroid function returns to normal before performing normal exercise.

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