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Composition Fun Master [Rhetoric Chapter]
Rhetoric is a means to beautify articles. As the saying goes, "People need clothes, Buddha needs gold", and the same is true for writing. With various rhetoric, in addition to making the ordinary article more interesting, we can also appreciate the creator's ingenuity from the wonderful sentences. Below, let’s understand the mystery of rhetoric from some knowing jokes and short stories! ★The important of rhetoric
●A successful salesman was interviewed by a reporter: "Can you tell us the reason for success?"
salesman said: "Of course, I have a secret. Whenever a woman opens the door, I often say this: 'Miss, is mom at home'?" ◆Xiao Xiao Gui: This joke points out that the success of a salesman is to say complimentary words to customers. Similarly, if you just narrate it straightforwardly and understate it in the article, it will be difficult to resonate with readers. Therefore, it is necessary to use rhetorical techniques moderately to add color to the article.
●Girlfriend's rhetoric
The boy cut a cool head shape one day and asked his girlfriend: "Dear, with your rhetorical skills, you will definitely find a suitable word to describe my head shape." The girl thought for a while and said, "I thought of it!" "What?" The boy asked. "Toilet brush!" ◆Xiaoshu: Use rhetorical skills to be properly grasped. Inappropriate rhetoric will only make the article worse.
★Metaphorical rhetoric◆Little reminder: Metaphorical rhetoric is a rhetoric technique that uses concrete things and objects to illustrate abstract truths.
●Sa Mengwu is humorous by nature. In 1944, he made a speech in Chongqing. He advised young people not to rush to get married with a biological point of view. He said: "A person's movements are completely free before getting married, which is an "animal"; after getting married, his movements are restricted and he becomes a "plant"; when he has children and his movements are not free, he becomes a "mineral."
◆Xiaoshu: This story uses vivid metaphors to achieve interest. When using metaphor, you should pay attention to: metaphor should be reasonable and appropriate, and the purpose is to visualize things so that people can easily understand and understand.
●In the bar, a young man told an elder that he was looking for a marriage partner. The elder smiled and said, "I happened to have a daughter waiting to marry. Her eyes were like a female deer, her lips were like a rose bud, her ears were like a swan, her neck was like a nightingale, and her voice was like a nightingale. She was very compatible with you." The young man said, "It's hard to say, she doesn't seem to be very human."
◆Little reminder: The use of metaphors should be appropriate, otherwise, just like the elder in the text, describe his daughter as a four-dimensional one.
●John's composition
John's article is well written and is often praised by teachers in class. However, his compositions sometimes have the problem of piled up adjectives. For example, the teacher read an essay describing the portrait of a character in the composition class. John wrote this:
Her brown hair is like chocolate, her pink face is embedded with sesame-colored eyes, a round nose, like a small butter cake, a small cherry mouth, and a white lotus-like arms??
As a result, after reading his essay, the teacher criticized: "It seems that your essay should be placed after dinner."
◆Little reminder: In the article, John used food to describe his appearance. Although the characters were vivid, it was too monotonous to use food to describe it. It made the character look vivid, and he had a pile of problems.
◆Study world: In "The Book of Songs? Wei Feng", a beautiful woman is described as "hands are like tender croakers, skin is like cream, collars are like croakers, teeth are like gourds. Her head is full of eyebrows, her smile is beautiful, and her eyes are long-lasting." The metaphor uses various specific objects to describe facial features, emphasizing the visual beauty of female images: "The fingers are as slender as tender croakers, her skin is as white as cream, her beautiful neck is like croakers, her teeth are as white as gourd seeds, her forehead is square and thin, her eyebrows are square and curved. A slightly smile makes the dimples, and her beautiful eyes are pretty."
●The disobedient child kept arguing during dinner: "I want to eat the turtle in the soup, I want to eat the turtle in the soup, I want to eat the turtle in the soup..." The guests were shocked.I only saw his mother calmly picking out one complete small mushroom after another from the soup.
◆Little reminder: Using turtles to describe mushrooms is amazing, it is amazing!
●Child prodigy and Bishan
Northern Song poet Wang Yuwei . He was smart and intelligent since childhood, and was able to write poetry when he was young, and was well-known.
Once, he sent flour to the state capital on behalf of his father. At that time, Bi Shi'an was working as a professor in front of the yamen. When he saw Wang Yuxi's rustic appearance, he was very suspicious that this was the famous prodigy, so he deliberately tried him, and then read out a first couplet: "The parrot can be said to be like a phoenix."
When Wang Yuxi heard this, he knew that Bi Shi'an was ridiculing him for being a humble man, and was very angry. He thought to himself: What other men like you who are pampered and respected are better than good at reciting poems and writing counterfeits? So, he unceremoniously wrote the second couplet: "Although spiders are not as good as silkworms." Bi Shi'an was shocked and quickly praised: "It is really well-known. You will definitely make a difference in the future."
◆Little reminder: Bi Shi'an ridiculed Wang Yuxi with a parrot; the little prodigy used color to mock Bi Shi'an with a spider. The metaphor is appropriate and the parallelism is skillful.
●Hiddenly Liu Ling , after getting drunk, sometimes takes off all your clothes at home and sings loudly. When someone saw it, he laughed at him. Liu Ling said lightly: "I use the world as the house and the house as the underwear. Why do you guys come into my underwear?" ◆Xiao Xiao Gui: This story comes from "The New Words of the World? Ren Dan 23". Liu Lingmiao used houses and underwear as metaphors to mock those who ridicule him.
★Wuqu rhetoric ●Visiting
Family family members repeatedly reminded the visitor: "The doctor said he has not lived long, so please be more optimistic when facing the patient, don't reveal it?" The visitor said: "Don't worry, I know what to do?" When he walked into the ward, the first sentence said: "Wow! You look much better, and you don't look like a person about to die??"
◆Little reminder: "Wu Qu rhetoric" is a rhetoric method that uses tactful and implicit words to hint or highlight the original meaning. In other words, people usually say things that are not good-sounding, so that people can not feel uncomfortable when listening. Therefore, the words of visiting the patient in this joke seem to be not tactful enough!
●My son took the entrance examination and returned home. The father said, "How did you do in the exam? Child. If you can get into middle school, I will definitely invite you and your teacher to have a meal." The son: "Dad, you will definitely be very happy. I have saved you this money." ◆Xiao Xiao Gui: The son in this story deliberately took a turn when answering, instead of saying directly, "I definitely can't get into the exam." It is to deliberately change it to another statement, blurring the original meaning of the skills and express the meaning more tactfully and tortuously, intriguing. ●A young playwright said dissatisfied with the critics who criticized his script: "Dear Mr. Expert, you actually don't know my script at all, because you fell asleep during the performance. This is what I saw with my own eyes." The critics of
answered him and said: "Dear Mr. Writer, sometimes sleeping is also a expression of opinions."
◆Little reminder: The drama critics in the story use sleeping to express criticism of the script, which is also a way of expressing the graceful song. ●Wife: "If I become ugly in the future, will you still love me?" Husband: "Of course it will! I have always been the most sympathetic."
◆Little reminder: This joke, my husband responded to his wife's demands, and on the other hand, he also praised his compassion. But, does he really love his wife? Or is it because of compassion?
●A senior high school student wanted to take the recommendation test, so he asked the teacher to write a recommendation letter for him. After this teacher got the order, he was very troubled. Because this student usually dozed off in class, he liked to chat with classmates when he woke up. Finally, he wrote on the recommendation list: "This student likes to think and has the courage to speak."
◆Little reminder: After reading this joke, we have to admire the teacher's tactful words!
★ Borrowing rhetoric ●Congratulations
Peking A large slum, lived in three families including Zhang San, Li Si, Guan Wu. It happened that Mrs. Zhang and Mrs. Li were pregnant at the same time and gave birth on the same day. Guan Wu first went to Zhang San's house and asked: "Whether to have a boy or a girl?" "Birth of a boy. "It's great, congratulations! Congratulations! "
Guan Wu went to Li Si's family and asked: "Whether to have a boy or a girl?" "It's a girl. "That's fine too! Good too! "
Mrs. Li felt very uncomfortable when she saw Guan Wu favoring boys over girls. Just as the yard was beaten by drums and drums, someone was welcomed to carry the sedan chair by. Guan Wu looked at the sedan chair curiously. Mrs. Li said angrily: "There is nothing good to look at! That was just four "congratulations" and one "is good" to pass by. ”
◆Little reminder: "Borrowing rhetoric" is a rhetoric method in which you give up the usual name or sentence in speech or writing, and find other names or sentences to replace it. For example, in this story, Mrs. Li used Guan Wu's words to borrow the boy as "congratulations" and girls as "ordinary".
●A and B are arguing. A: For everything related to the emperor, the word "dragon" must be added, such as dragon robe and dragon crown------B: Oh! So what about the emperor's eyes? A: Longan.
◆Xiao Xiaoying: This joke points out that the word "dragon" is used to borrow things related to ancient emperors. For example, if the emperor's health is not good, it can be expressed as "the dragon body is not safe". However, some words have other meanings, which will create a "pun" humorous, and the "longyan" in the joke is.
●The teacher teaches students to write a letter: "Your company is your company, your school is your school, [Nuo] is a respectful title, which is what you mean." The teacher asked the classmates to write a letter to the boss of a certain company for an interview. A classmate wrote: "Su Yanggui's company has excellent products, and I want to make an appointment with a noble person to have an interview."
◆Xiao Xiao Gui: In this joke, the classmate used "noble person" to borrow "boss", so he made a joke when writing a letter. Therefore, when using borrowing rhetoric, you should pay attention to not overuse it to affect the literal meaning.
●Minister thief
There is a censor named Qian Liangchen, who is taboo to others call him by his name directly. When his son was studying, he changed all the words "good minister" in the poems to the word "father". One day, he read "Mencius" and said: "Today's so-called good ministers were thieves in ancient times." His son changed this sentence to: "Today's so-called fathers were thieves in ancient times."
◆Little reminder: This joke can remind us to be cautious about the opportunity of using rhetoric in other ways.
★Reflection rhetoric
● Both shoe manufacturers sent personnel to Africa to investigate the local market. The two saw the same in Africa. One of them took a telegram and reported to the company authorities: "There is no hope, and people here don't wear shoes at all." But the telegram taken back by another investigator was very interesting. He said: "There is great potential, and people here haven't worn shoes yet." (Wang Dingjun's "Open Life")
◆Little reminder: "Reflection rhetoric" is a rhetoric method that compares two different, especially opposite ideas or facts in Chinese, thereby enhancing the tone and making the meaning clear. It is called "Reflection". This story uses the "double contrast" in "contrast", that is, the same person, thing, and thing are described with two different views. "Double lining" can usually achieve both positive and negative effects, increasing the confidence of the article.
◆Learning world: "Contrast rhetoric" has two types: "Contrast" and "Contrast".
⊙"Contrast": For the same thing, use adverbs or adjectives that are exactly opposite to the phenomenon or essence of this thing. For example: "I have nothing to do" or "I help you better" are all contrasting.
⊙"Condition": Two different people, things, and things are described with two different views.For example: "Planning depends on people, and success depends on heaven", "The rich family smells of wine and meat, and there are frozen bones on the road", all of which are contrasting.
●A and B each hunted two rabbits. After seeing this, A said coldly, "You just beat two." But when B saw it, he said, "You beat two, it's so amazing."
◆Xiao Xiao Gui: This short article also uses the "double-sticking" technique. A and B also hunted two rabbits, but the evaluations received were very different.
●Birthday poem
Once Ji Xiaolan was invited by a wealthy gentry to attend the house to celebrate the 70th birthday of the old lady. The hall was very lively and everyone toasted. When alcohol started to cause trouble, everyone quarreled to put Ji Caizi on the desk and asked him to raise his pen and write poems to celebrate the old lady's birthday. Ji Xiaolan raised his pen in front of everyone, dipped it in thick ink and waved it: "This woman is not a human being." Drinking this~ As soon as this word came out, everyone was scared back three steps! Just as he was worried that Ji Caizi would pick it out for his master in the next minute, Ji Xiaolan continued to write, "The Nine Heavens Fairy comes down to earth!" When everyone saw it, they turned their worries into joy. The old lady added a few smile patterns! Ji Xiaolan was calm and then wrote the third sentence: "All children and grandchildren are thieves." Now the old lady's children and grandchildren all surrounded her and were furious. When she was preparing to finish the fourth sentence, she grabbed Ji Xiaolan's collar~~~~~~! I saw Ji Caizi write the final sentence in a hurry: "Steal the peach to serve the supreme." When everyone saw it, they had to calm down and laughed dryly at Ji Caizi who made people love and hate.
◆Little reminder: Ji Xiaolan’s wonderful use of “contrast” techniques is impressive. However, don’t use this method to celebrate someone’s birthday!
★Parallel rhetoric ●Zhang Wuxiong lives in Badouzi, Keelung, and makes a living by fishing. He made specimens of several big fish that he had caught from all over the world over the years and hung them on the walls of the living room. At the same time, a small sign was hung below each specimen, which stated on it: "Ghana fish, Zhang Wuxiong caught in the sea outside Keelung in 1985." "Comb the teeth, Zhang Wuxiong caught in the sea on the Diaoyutai in 1990." "Sand fish, Zhang Wuxiong caught in the sea on the sea on Guishan Island in 1992." Soon, Zhang Wuxiong got married. His wife Lin Xiuqin enlarged his photo and hung it next to the specimen. A small sign was hung below, which read: "Zhang Wuxiong, Lin Xiuqin was captured in Yilantoucheng in 1996."
◆Xiao Xiaoting: Use syntax with similar structures to express meanings or phenomena of the same range and nature one after another, so that the meaning expressed is clear and thorough, the content is lively and fresh, and the meaning is timeless and powerful. It is called the "parallelism" rhetoric method. This joke lays out a series of similar syntaxes, and the ending is arousing.
●One day, the Chinese teacher asked everyone to write a poem about "birds", so Benmarti wrote: "Birds, birds fly, birds fly, birds fly, birds really fly, birds really fly." The comment given by the teacher was: "Fuck, you fuck, you really fuck, you really know how to fuck."
◆Little reminder: Although students in the middle school use parallel syntax, the content is repeated and empty. Therefore, when using parallelism rhetoric, you must pay attention to expressing the same concepts and make the meaning more clear.
★Authorized rhetoric ●Talking dog
There is a family, and the whole family is very lazy. My father asked my mother to do housework, but my mother didn't want to call her eldest sister, and she asked her sister to do it, but my sister didn't want to do it, so she asked her puppy to do it. One day, a guest came to his house and found that the puppy was doing housework. He was surprised and asked the puppy, "You can do housework?" The puppy said, "If they don't do it, just ask me to do it!" The guest was even more surprised: "You can speak?" "Puppy: "Shhh! Speak softly! Otherwise they knew I would talk and asked me to answer the phone! ”
◆Little reminder: "Authorization" is a kind of "transformation" rhetoric. The so-called "transformation" is a rhetorical method that describes a narrative when describing a thing, transforms its original nature and turns it into another thing that is completely different from its essence. The "personification method" is to imitate things as human beings, that is, to describe things as human beings. If this is the case, the puppy in the joke will speak human words, which is the case. ◆Learn from the world: "transformation rhetoric" has two types: "imitation" and "imitation and virtuality to real".
⊙"Similar object" means to describe people as objects, such as: My happiness has become a wisp of smoke, disappearing without a trace. ⊙"Virtual virtuality is real": visualizes things and makes abstract things concrete and sensible. For example: Your sigh should be strangled by happiness and sing towards tomorrow. ( Yang Huan Poem Collection: Short chapter); Cut love into pieces and blow to the sea with the wind. ( Zhang Huimei : Cut love) ● Carrot
One day, a rabbit jumped into the pharmacy and asked, "Boss, have you sold carrots?" The boss smiled and replied, "No." The next day, the rabbit jumped in and asked, "Boss, do you sell carrots?" The boss said, "No." The third time the rabbit jumped in and asked, "We didn't sell it! Come in and ask me to cut off your ears!" The fourth time, the rabbit jumped in and asked, "Boss, do you sell scissors?" The boss said, "No!" The rabbit said, "Very good, do you sell carrots?"
◆Little reminder: The rabbit’s wise conversation makes people smile. If you can use "personalization rhetoric" appropriately in writing, you can make the sentences lively.
★Layered rhetoric ●Once four earthworms gathered together and boasted about their abilities. The first earthworm said, "I can cut myself in half so that I will not be afraid of no one accompanying me when I go out shopping." The second earthworm said, "What's so great? I can cut it into three sections. I can play three-on-three bullfights at any time in the future." The third earthworm said, "Oh! You are so embarrassed. I have a way to cut myself into four sections, so that I can play mahjong at any time." Later, they found it strange why the fourth earthworm didn't speak. Everyone ran to see that he also cut himself in half, but others cut back and forth, and he cut left and right, so he died.
◆Little reminder: Anything that there are more than two things to be said, these things have different sizes, severity, and the proportions are in a certain order. When writing, progressing layer by layer is called "layer delivery". This joke changes the boasts between earthworms in an incremental way, and ends with people making fun of them!
●Whose shoes are smelly
Xiaowen, Xiaoming and Xiaoyu want to compete for whose shoes are smelly?.
Xiaowen ran to the church with his shoes, but the church fainted. Xiao Ming entered the church, but all the cockroaches in the church died. When Xiaoyu entered, the church did not change much, but even Jesus covered his mouth.
◆Xiao Xiaoting: This joke has exaggerated elements, and it is also a layered delivery method that gradually increases to a certain extent.
●Fast than
There are three children comparing whose dad is faster. The first child said, "My father is the fastest. The coffee cup on the table falls. He can catch the cup before the cup falls to the ground." The second child said, "My father is fast. He goes hunting and shoots a deer 200 feet away. Before the deer falls to the ground, he can rush up and hold the deer." The third child said, "My father is a civil servant. He gets home at 5:00 every afternoon. He gets home at 4:30."
◆Little reminder: This joke is also an exaggerated element, which is a layered delivery method that is gradually increased to a certain extent and is a sarcasm.
★Classic rhetoric ●Yanke
Zhang San is good at dancing, versatile, and never offends others.
One day, he was having a banquet at every family and invited a total of six VIP guests. He greeted them at the door and asked one by one: "How did you come?"
The first person said, "I came by Mercedes-Benz." "Oh! Majestic."
The second person said, "I came by a private plane." "Wow! Majestic."
The third person said, "I came by a bicycle." "Oh! Pure and simple."
The fourth person said, "I came by running." "Oh! Healthy."
The fifth person said, "I came by walking." "Well! It's leisurely." The sixth guest of
said, "I came here with me."
Zhang said without changing his expression on three sides: "Ha! It's rare.”
◆Little reminder: The so-called "rhetorical rhetoric" refers to the rhetoric method that is used repeatedly to strengthen the tone and make the speech and writing rhythm. In the story, Zhang San uses a variety of rhetoric to welcome different guests, which can be said to be fully utilized.
◆Learning world: "Synthetic rhetoric" includes four types: "Synthetic word", "Synthetic word", "Synthetic word", and "Synthetic word".
⊙"Synonyms": Used in isolation with the same word. For example: "How many watermelons are so many round hopes." ( Yu Guangzhong "Che Zhui Fangliao") ⊙"Sentence": Used in isolation and use of the same sentence. For example: "Give me a scoop of Yangtze River water, Yangtze River water - the wine-like Yangtze River water. The taste of drunkenness is the taste of homesickness. Give me a scoop of Yangtze River water, Yangtze River water." (Yu Guangzhong's "Four Rhymes of Homesickness")
⊙"Die": Used in connection with the same word. For example: "Jiji and Jiji, Mulan is weaving in the same household." (Anonymous "Mulan Poems") ⊙"Sentences": Used in conjunction with the same sentence. For example: "Looking, looking forward to it, the east wind is coming, and the pace of spring is approaching." ●The Ming Dynasty Jinshi Yuan Zhonglang , the most taboo thing for writing is to imitate ancient people. Once he went to West Lake to travel and wrote a poem like this to describe: "One day he walked up the lake, one day he sat on the lake, one day he stood on the lake, and one day he lay on the lake." Although this poem is as clear as words, it is still a masterpiece. ◆Little reminder: Good use of various rhetoric can make the article vivid and vivid, such as the poem "There can be picked in the south of the Yangtze River, and the lotus leaves can be in the fields. Fish play among the lotus leaves: fish play in the east, fish play in the west, fish play in the south, and fish play in the north." The author uses different directions from southeast, west, and north to express the dynamic beauty of fish and shrimp playing in the lotus fields. This poem is similar to Yuan Hongdao's works. ★Dual Rhetoric ●Dual neatness
In ancient times, there was a man named Li Yanyan who wrote a hundred rhyme poem dedicated to his boss to show his talent and knowledge. There are two sentences in Zhong Zhong: My younger brother was gone in the south of the Yangtze River, and my brother died in the north.
After reading it, the boss expressed deep sympathy and said to him: "I didn't expect that your family would encounter such misfortunes one after another. I just passed away and my brother died again. It's really a disaster! I would like to express my grief to you and your family!"
Li Yanyan hurriedly stood up and explained: "Report to the chief, this is not such a unfortunate thing happened in my family. My brothers are alive. The poem says that the brother died, just to write the poem in a neat way!"
◆Little reminder: The two sentences (or more than two sentences) in Chinese are equal in the number of words, and the syntax is consistent. Sometimes it is also important to have a relative level and tone, which is called "dual". However, the use of dual rhetoric should also pay attention to the authenticity of the content. For example, in the story, Li Yanyan wants the content to adapt to the form. In order to make the dual neatness, he would rather let the brother die early. It’s like the shoes I bought are too small and I just cut off some of my feet, which is really stupid. This phenomenon of abusing words without regard to the need to express the content will not be able to correctly express the actual situation and ideological content.
★Exaggeration and Rhetoric ●Stingy Guy
Once upon a time, there was a very stingy person who happened to rain and the stream surged. He refused to spend money to rent a ferry, so he jumped out of the stream and drifted over. Who knew that when he arrived in the middle of the river and stream, he was washed down by the torrent and drifted for more than half a mile. His son wanted to find a boat to save him on the shore. The boat was mainly priced at a copper coin. His son bargained for five cents. He bargained for a long time, but he didn't talk about the price. The stingy man had been soaked in the stream that he was half dead. When he heard his son bargaining, he turned around and shouted to his son: "My son, I will save him if he is five cents, but he will not save him."
◆Little reminder: This stingy man would rather live than live for five cents. He really loved money as his life. This is a "exaggeration" rhetoric, which is to deliberately exaggerate the characteristics of things to make them strong. But if the exaggeration lacks the authenticity of reality, it will become a bragging and lying out of reality, which is not advisable.
★ imitation rhetoric ● "Take weight loss as your responsibility, put personal cultivation outside of your consideration" I would like to ask: How many people spend the same time, money and energy as maintaining their figure to enrich their inner self? Ku Ling "The Earth will turn backwards? A beautiful lady, a gentleman is a good match" ● Having a constant basis for success → Laziness is the basis for invention
● Searching and searching, cold and deserted, miserable and miserable, how could this exam be a word of miserable?
● If the position is not high, honesty will make you famous; if the power is not big, if you are public, you will make you strong. This is a public servant who serves the people. Stepping on the grassroots level, people's sentiments are deeply rooted in our minds. There are people who talk and laugh, and they are selfless in their relationship. You can understand the reality and observe the true feelings; there is no lies to cause trouble, and there is no biased love. Lankao Jiao Yulu won the imperial examination of all people. Everyone said: The spirit of a public servant. ("Public Servant Inscription")
● I sleep in spring without feeling dawn, mosquitoes bite everywhere, and applause at night, how many mosquitoes die.
●The cannon is open and he will blow his mother, and the power will be in the country and return to his hometown. How can you get a giant whale and swallow Fusang? ( Zhang Zongchang "Xiaokun Poetry Collection")
◆Xiaoshou: "Imitation" rhetoric refers to imitation of the established language form. The above few uses imitation rhetoric to create the interestingness of some words. The first is Ku Ling's article imitated from Chiang Kai-shek's "Take the rise and fall of the country as one's own responsibility, and puts personal life and death outside the precepts"; the second is imitated from the youth code; the third is imitated from the "Inscription on the Humble Room" by Liu Yuxi in the Tang Dynasty; the fourth is imitated from the poem "Spring Dawn" by Meng Haoran in the Tang Dynasty; the fifth is imitated from the "Song of the Great Wind" by Liu Bang, the warlord Zhang Zongchang of the early Republic of China.
★Transformation rhetoric●When in Chinese class, the teacher saw that the students were drowsy, so he came out to tell everyone the riddle to attract everyone's attention: "Stuttering - guessing the Analects of Confucius." When everyone was confused, the teacher said in a humorous tone: "Jun-jun, minister-just, father-father, son-son."
◆Little reminder: A word that changes its original part of speech and appears in Chinese is called "Transformation". The first word in the Analects of Confucius is used as a noun, while the second word is transformed into a verb.
◆Learn from the world: "The king, the king, the minister, the father, the son" comes from "The Analects of Confucius? Yan Yuan Chapter 12". It means:? A monarch must fulfill his responsibilities as a monarch, his subordinates must fulfill his duties as a minister, his father must fulfill his responsibilities as a father, and his son must fulfill his duties as a son. ”
★On the rhetoric ●The owner of the cigarette company loudly promoted in the street: "The new brand cigarette has a fragrant and delicious aroma, and it can prevent tooth decay, eliminate all diseases, and there is also... " Suddenly an old man came out of the crowd and said, "The thief dare not enter the house, the dog will not bite people, and the person will always be young." When the boss heard this, he was happy and asked the audience to explain his words. "Smokers cough all night long, do thieves dare to enter the house? Smokers are weak and use crutches to walk, do dogs dare to bite them? Smokers are prone to cancer, can they live until old age?"
◆Xiao Xiao Gui: "Reverse Method" is the meaning mentioned earlier, which is exactly the opposite of the inner meaning. It is because of the situation that the opposite words are used to force others. In this short article, if we talked about the various harms of smoking with great sincerity, young people have always disagreed. In order to shake the hearts of young people, the elderly use the charm of "opposite rhetoric" to talk some "irons" to stimulate young people, so as to shock them and improve their bad habits. The effect is often better than positively speaking.
★Pastoral rhetoric●
Su Dongpo and Qin Shaoyou were good friends in the Song Dynasty. Once, Qin Shaoyou went out and had not come back for a long time. Su Dongpo wrote a letter to ask about his recent situation. When Qin Shaoyou replied, he only wrote fourteen words and arranged them in a circle to drag people to Dongbo. It turned out that he wrote a poem about a round-robin poem. The poem he made after the sentence was:
Appreciating the flowers and returning home, leaving the horse is like flying, leaving the horse is like flying, drinking is light, and drinking is already dusk when it wakes up, and watching the flowers return when it wakes up.
◆Xiao Xiao Gui: The so-called "palindrome" rhetoric refers to the word pattern with the upper and lower sentences, most of which are the same vocabulary and the word order is exactly the opposite. Chinese literati often use the characteristics of palindrome to create palindrome poems, and Qin Guan's works are an example.
◆Learning the world: Su Shi’s second rhyme palindrome poems, one of which is written about a woman weaving a palindrome that is ready to send to her lover on the border. Regardless of reading it or reading it backwards, the melancholy and gloomy feelings in her heart remain unchanged. This shows Su Shi’s superb poetry writing skills. Original poem: "The spring machine weaves the meadow of the pastoral text, and the pink tears waving the dew of the well. The love letter sent by people far away is small, and the willow paper is empty in the evening." Try to break up the sentences and arrange new poems!
★Pun rhetoric●
One day, three senior officials, the Minister of State, and the Censor, were walking on the road and saw a dog running past the three of them. The Censor took the opportunity to ask the Minister, "Is it a wolf or a dog?" (The Minister is a dog) The Minister's face turned green: "It's a dog."
The Secretary of Shang and the Censor both laughed: "How do you know it's a dog?" The Minister of Shang: "Look at the tail hair, the sagging is a wolf, and the upper comb is a dog (The Secretary of Shang is a dog)." The Secretary of Shang's face sank. The Minister: "It can also be seen from the nature of food. Wolves are meat-eating, dogs are meat-eating, and they eat shit when they encounter meat (the Censor eats shit)"
◆Little reminder: The so-called "pun" refers to the rhetorical method of using one word to consider two different things at the same time. In the above story, the censor uses a homophone to mock the minister, and the minister is not willing to be outdone, but instead takes the Shangshu and the censor. ◆Learning the world: Pun rhetoric can be divided into three types: "homophone pun", "word meaning pun", and "sentence meaning pun".
⊙Hound Pun: In addition to the meaning contained in itself, a word also contains another word that is homophone or similar to the word, which is called homophone pun. For example: "The sun rises in the east and rains in the west, and the saying goes, there is no sunshine and there is sunshine." (Liu Yuxi: Zhuzhi Ci) Sunshine and love are puns, on the one hand, refer to the sunshine of sunshine, and on the other hand, it refers to the love of emotions.
⊙Pun: A word that contains two meanings in a sentence is called "pun". For example: "When you first want to know your husband, your mind will be the same; if you make a silk thread into the broken mechanism, why can't you realize it?" (Midnight Song) "Pi" pun "cloth" and "Pi Piao".
⊙Sentence meaning pun: a sentence or a paragraph of text, pun to two things or two layers of meaning is called "sentence meaning pun". For example: "I feel uncomfortable in the evening, so I drive to the ancient land; the sunset is extremely beautiful, but it is just near dusk." (Li Shangyin - climbing the Leiyouyuan) describes the scenery you see in front of you, and also describes the feelings in your heart.
●In ancient times, there was a scholar who took the exam many times, but he was unable to pass the exam; one year, he went to Beijing to take the exam, and only his servant was with him. On the way, a strong wind blew off the scholar's hat, so the serious old servant said: Young Master, the hat has fallen to the ground again! So the scholar said angrily: "Do not say "falling to the ground" in the future, and the clever old servant put his hat on again, tied his hat tightly and said: I guarantee that I will not get to the ground again this time! Scholar: @#$...
◆Xiao Xiaoting: This joke also uses homophonic puns. The old servant said something that made people smile.
●Emperor Daoguang summoned the top ten candidates who came to Beijing for the imperial examination and went to Jinluan Hall to hold the palace examination and selected the Jinshi. The singer sang the examiner's name, and the first one sang: "Wan Ming Qiong". When Daoguang heard this, he frowned and said, "The people are poor, it's so unlucky. Keep going home and let him go home and go alone!"
◆Little reminder: From this story, we can see that you must be cautious when naming a name!
● According to legend, Li Hongzhang has a distant relative who is ignorant of learning. This year, he went to Beijing to take the exam. He got the paper and didn't even know how to solve the questions, let alone write an article. Anxiously, he thought, I am a relative of the Zhongtang Master, why not raise this relationship and see if the examiner will be admitted? So he quickly wrote the words "I am a relative of the dynasty's Zhongtang" on the test paper. I couldn't write the word Qi, but I actually wrote it "I am the wife of Master Zhongtang." After the examiner reviewed the paper, he criticized: "Because you are the wife of the Lord Zhongtang, I dare not marry (take it)."
◆Xiaoxiaoyin: In addition to the misunderstanding of homophones and different characters, there are also homophone pun rhetoric in this joke. ●Once, two scholars visited Ouyang Xiu and . On the way, they happened to be on the same boat as Ouyang Xiu but didn't know.They understood a little about poetry, but they recognized it as experts from
. Suddenly they saw a white goose jumping into the water. They couldn't help but be excited. One chanted, "A goose on the shore," and the other continued, "jumped down the river." The two of them muttered something, but they couldn't make up a poem. Ouyang Xiu chanted, "White hair floated in the green water, and red palms were clear." They were extremely surprised. They were obviously very impressed, but they pretended to say, "It's not good, it's hard to say." Soon, they got on the shore and saw a pile of ashes on the shore. One chanted, "Looking from a distance, a pile of ashes," the other chanted, "Looking from a distance, a pile of ashes." The two still couldn't hold on, and Ouyang chanted, "A strong wind blew, and snow flew all over the sky." They still pretended to say, "It's not good, it's just a matter of being able to get through." Seeing that the two were ignorant, Ouyang Xiu was about to scold them, and then he heard the two chant, "The two of them were in the same boat, and they went to visit Ouyang Xiu." Ouyang Xiu immediately followed the chant and said, "Xiu didn't know you, and you didn't know Xiu [Shame]." ◆Xiao Xiao reminder: This also uses homophonic puns.
●Married person: In fact, having a girlfriend does not have to be handsome, it depends on your skills.
Baldman A: (I seriously put my wrist in front of the married person) How do you look at my wrist?
B: (To married people) Fortunately, you didn’t say that you have to rely on means to have a girlfriend (break it)!
◆Xiao Xiaoting: This is also a joke of using homophonic puns.
●Female donkey gave birth to a calf
A scholar rode a donkey into Beijing to take the exam. On the way, I asked an old man who was putting animals: "Hey, old man! How many roads are there to go from the capital?" Seeing his strange dressing show, the old man just couldn't ask for the way and was rude to speak. What kind of scholar is he? He ignored him and wanted to teach him a lesson. He replied, "The capital is one hundred and eighty acres away from this."
The scholar was amused: "Feed animals! The journey is all about the inside, but how can one talk about the inside?" The old man sneered, "We the older generation talk about the inside (ritual), but now the young children are not trained, so they don't talk about the inside (ritual)!" The scholar's face collapsed and said, "Why do you, old guy, curse people with clever words?" The old man said, "The old guy who feeds animals doesn't scold people. But today I feel unhappy. I fed a female donkey. It didn't give birth to a donkey, but it lays a calf."
The scholar was whispering: "You are so stupid. You should be born to feed animals. How can you make a calf in the world make a calf?"
The old man patiently guided the scholar and said, "Yes, this animal really doesn't understand the truth. Who knows why he refuses to get a donkey?" The shameful scholar blushed and ran away on the donkey.
◆Xiao Xiao Gui: In this story, the old man used homophonic puns to teach the scholar a lesson.
●There was a man who was good at telling jokes in the Ming Dynasty, named Chen Quan. One day, he accidentally broke into the forbidden area of the palace and was caught by a eunuch. Chen Quan said, "Liar Chen Quan, please spare my life." The eunuch said, "I heard you are good at telling jokes. If you only say one word and can make me laugh, I will let you go." Chen Quan thought for a while and said, "Fuck." The eunuch said, "I didn't understand." Chen Quan explained, "It's up to my father-in-law to let go, and it's up to my father-in-law to let go." This pun made the eunuch laugh and immediately released him.
◆Xiao Xiao Gui: This joke uses "pun" to "sentence meaning", on the one hand, it says "far" and on the other hand, it "releases people", which is wonderful! . ●Lao Zhang ran for the National Congress representative, running around canvassing votes, exhausted, and snored loudly when he came to sleep at night. The next day, his wife said to him, "Honey, I think you will be elected this time." "How do you know?" "Because you have the highest voice.
◆Little reminder: This is a "pun of the meaning". The "voice" in the article can refer to fame and prestige on the one hand, and on the other hand, it also involves the sound of a husband snoring.
●One day, two underworld friends went to the noodle shop for midnight snacks. Because they looked a little similar, the boss asked, "Are you two 'brothers'?" The two said nervously, "No... No... We are businessmen..."
◆Little reminder: This is also a pun in the use of the meaning.
●Huang Banchuo is a servant of the Tang Xuanzong . He treats Tang Xuanzong like Dongfang Shuo against Emperor Wu of Han. He relies entirely on wit and eloquence to win the emperor's favor and favor.One year, after Emperor Xuanzong of Tang successfully held the Taishan Fengshan Ceremony (using a luxurious and grand show to show the civil and military power), the dragon was very happy, and all civil and military officials were promoted to first or second grade. The minister in charge of the Fengshan ceremony was Zhang Shuo. Zhang Shuo's son-in-law Zheng Yi was a ninth rank official before Fengshan, but suddenly became a fifth rank after Fengshan. When Emperor Xuanzong of Tang knew about this, he said, "Is Zheng Yi's promotion too fast?" Zheng Yi's face turned red and had no words to answer. Huang Fanchuo said, "This is all the credit of "Shan Tai!" With a pun, the ministers burst into laughter.
◆Xiao Xiaoting: This story also uses a pun of meaning, which refers to both the name of the mountain and the relationship between the father-in-law.
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