The current administrative divisions in my country are 22 provinces, five autonomous regions and three municipalities at the provincial level, totaling 30 units.
provincial system began in the Yuan Dynasty and the autonomous region was founded in Inner Mongolia in 1947. The names of most provinces and all autonomous regions are named before the establishment of the province and the region. Here we trace the beginning of their name as much as possible and explain their original meaning of naming.
The names of twenty-seven provinces and autonomous regions can be divided into three categories:
1. Twelve named after mountains and rivers: Hebei Henan Hunan Hubei Zhejiang Jiangxi Shaanxi Shandong Shanxi Heilongjiang Qinghai Liaoning.
2. Seven named after the city: Guizhou, Jilin, Taiwan, Fujian, Gansu, Anhui, Jiangsu.
3. The other eight: Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Ningxia, Tibet, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia.
Let’s describe it one by one in this order below.
Although municipalities directly under the central government are at the same level as provincial level, their names belong to city names, which are different from those of provinces and autonomous regions that belong to political district names. Therefore, we will not include them within the scope of this article for the time being.
01, Hebei Province
During the Warring States Period, Hebei refers to Qidi, north of the Yellow River at that time, about the area around Jingxian, Hebei and cangxian, . During the Han and Tang Dynasties, there was Hebei County , which is about the current Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province. The Tang Dynasty took Hebei Road to the north of the Yellow River and east of the Taihang Mountains at that time, which was the beginning of Hebei as the name of a major political district. In the Song Dynasty, it was divided into two roads in Hebei, and the Baigou River (the former road is in Hebei, the present Qing Dynasty) and the Nanjing Road in Liao. In the Jin Dynasty, Damingfu Road was established in the south of Hebei East Road.
Yuan Dynasty was directly affiliated with the Secretariat of the Central Secretariat in Hebei Province. Hongwu, the Ming Dynasty, was initially established as the Beiping General Secretary. At the beginning of Yongle, the governor of the State Administration was dismissed, and the capital was called the capital; also called Zhili; also called Beizhili, which was different from Nanjing's Nanzhili. It was first called Zhili Province in the Qing Dynasty. It was renamed Hebei Province in 1928. The province is located in the territory of "Yu Gong" in Jizhou , so it is referred to as Ji for short.
02, Henan Province
As a regional name, Henan Province was used to refer to the south of the Yellow River in the Warring States Period, and in the west of Henan Province, it started from the Yellow River in the west and ended in the Shangqiu area to the east; in the Qin and Han Dynasties it was used to refer to the south of the Yellow River in the north of the capital, and in the current Hetao area (including the front and back); in the Southern and Northern Dynasties it was used to refer to the area south of the Yellow River in the present Qinghai Province, which was located in Tuyuhun.
During the Warring States Period, it was renamed the royal city of Luoyi since the Western Zhou Dynasty to Henan (the former site is on the east bank of Jianshui, the western suburbs of Luoyang City). Qin established Henan County, and Henan was first used as the name of the political district; in the early Han Dynasty, Qin Sanchuan County was changed to Henan County. Henan County was inherited until the Jin Dynasty before it was incorporated into Luoyang. Henan County was inherited from the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and was changed to Henan Prefecture in Kaiyuan, Yuan Dynasty, Henan Road, and the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it was still Henan Prefecture, with more than a dozen counties near Luoyang as the center. It was abolished after the Xinhai Revolution.
"Zhou Li·Zhi Fang" and "Er Ya Shi Di" divide the nine provinces, and they all say "Henan is called Yuzhou ". It can be seen that pre-Qin geography scholars already have the concept of a large area of Henan. The Tang Dynasty divided the country into ten roads, with the area south of the Yellow River and north of the Huai River as Henan Road at that time, which was the beginning of Henan as the name of a major political region. During the Yuan Dynasty, a province south of the Yellow River and north of the Yangtze River was built together, and it was called the Henan Jiangbei Province. In the early Ming Dynasty, the provinces and regions were changed to the provinces. The jurisdiction of Henan Province was roughly equivalent to the current province. The three prefectures north of the Yellow River and east of the Taihang Mountains were captured by Henan troops and were not far from Kaifeng Prefecture, the capital of Henan Province, so they were assigned to the jurisdiction of Henan Province. The province is located in Yugong, so it is called Yu.
03, Hunan Province, Hubei Province
Tang Anshi Rebellion was appointed as the Hunan Observer Envoy, which was under the jurisdiction of the seven prefectures in the Hunan-Zi Second Water Basin south of Dongting Lake. The name of Hunan began here. In the early Song Dynasty, Jinghu South Road was established with Hunan, referred to as Hunan Road, and Jinghu North Road was established with the land from north of Lake to Jingshan and the two rivers of Yuan and Li in the west, known as Hubei Road, referred to as Hubei Road, originating from the name of Hubei.
Yuan and Ming dynasties only have Huguang provinces, and the road level is still known as Hunan and Hubei.
The Huguang Province in the Yuan Dynasty was named after the jurisdiction of the Song Dynasty Hubei (the part south of the Yangtze River), Hunan and Guangxi.Guangxi was established as a province independently in the Ming Dynasty. The jurisdiction of Huguang Province has been changed to two provinces today, Hunan and Hubei. It no longer has a "Guang" area, but the name of the province still follows the name of Huguang.
In the third year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (1664 AD), Huguang Province was divided into two departments of the left and right; in the sixth year (1667 AD), Huguang Zuosi was renamed Hubei and the Right Secretary was renamed Hunan, which has been passed down to this day.
Hi Guang was divided into two provinces in the Qing Dynasty. Although the former name of Hunan and Hubei in the Song Dynasty was adopted, Dongting Lake is no longer divided into two provinces in the north and south. The dividing line is northward to the north of Dongting Lake, which is now the boundary of Hunan and Hubei provinces.
Hunan is called Hunan because the Xiangjiang River runs across the province. Hubei was called "E" because Wuchang, the capital of the Qing Dynasty, was the capital of Ezhou after the Sui Dynasty.
04, Zhejiang Province
Zhejiang The name has appeared at the latest in the Warring States Period, referring to today's Fuchun River and Qiantang River , with Xin'an River as its upper source. It is said that it is named after the twists and turns of the river flow. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the place where , western Zhejiang was divided into Wujun, and the place where , eastern Zhejiang was Kuaiji County. The name of eastern Zhejiang was first recorded.
In the first year of Qianyuan (758 AD), the governor of Zhejiang West Road , was established, and the ten prefectures west of Zhejiang (south of the Yangtze River) were governed; the governor of Zhejiang East Road was established, and the eight prefectures east of Zhejiang were governed, which was the beginning of the name of eastern Zhejiang and western Zhejiang as a political region. During the Northern Song Dynasty, it was merged into Liangzhe Road, and during the Southern Song Dynasty, it was divided into Liangzhe East and West Roads.
At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the three roads of Zhejiang, the western Zhejiang and Jiangdong of the Southern Song Dynasty were merged into Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces (later, Fujian Road was incorporated). In the early Ming Dynasty, the former Jiangdong Road and part of Zhejiang Province (now Anhui, Jiangsu and Shanghai) were directly under Nanjing, and the rest of the former Zhejiang West Road and Zhejiang East Road were built into Zhejiang Province. It is referred to as Zhejiang for short.
05, Jiangxi Province
Yangtze River flows southwest and northeast between Wuhu and Nanjing. Before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was the main ferry crossing between north and south. It is customary to call the south bank of the Yangtze River below the Yangtze River as Jiangdong, and the areas north of the Yangtze River and south of the Huai River as Jiangxi. In the 21st year of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty (733 AD), Jiangnan Road was divided into Jiangnan East and West Roads. The former was abbreviated as Jiangdong Road, and the latter was abbreviated as Jiangxi Road. Jiangxi was the first name of the political district. After the Anshi Rebellion, the Jiedushi of Jiangnan West Road was appointed as the Jiedushi of Jiangxi, which was abbreviated as the Jiedushi of Jiangxi, and its jurisdiction was equivalent to that of Jiangxi Province today.
Song was renamed Jiangnan West Road, referred to as Jiangxi Road, and the area east of Poyang Lake was transferred to Jiangnan East Road. The Yangtze River Province was established in the Yuan Dynasty, and it also has two roads in Song, Jiangxi and Guangdong. The Ming Dynasty Jiangxi Province cut off the Guangdong area and included it into the Hudong area, restoring the jurisdiction of Jiangxi Road after the Anshi Rebellion of the Tang Dynasty. Because Ganjiang runs across the province, it is called Gan.
06, Shaanxi Province
Shaanxi refers to the southwest Shaanxi Mo in Shaanxi County, Henan Province. During the reign of King Cheng of Zhou, the land of the king's capital was divided into two parts with Shaanxi and West and East, with Shaanxi and Duke as the boundary. The Shaanxi and Duke were governed by Zhou to the east, and the Zhao Duke was governed by the west, which was the so-called "Zhou and Zhao Duke were governed by the two centimeters of Shaanxi." Later generations called the east of Shaanxi as the east of Shaanxi and the west of Shaanxi.
Because of Shaanxi as the political district, it began with the Shaanxi Jiedushi established after the Anshi Rebellion in Tang Dynasty. However, the period was short and the scope was small. It only led the three prefectures of Shaanxi, Guo and Hua, which is generally the area west of Shaanxi County, Henan and east of Shaanxi Hua County. The Shaanxi Road was established in Song Dynasty, including the areas north of Qinling and west of Shaanxi. In the fifth year of Xining (1072 AD), it was divided into the Yongxing Army and Qinfeng Road, which was still commonly known as Shaanxi Road. The Jin Dynasty was divided into five roads: Jingzhao Prefecture, Fengxiang, Fuyan, Qingyuan and Lintao, which were still collectively called Shaanxi Fifth Road. However, the eastern boundary of Jingzhao Prefecture Road no longer includes Shaanxi, but was changed to Tongguan as the boundary. Since then, the so-called Shaanxi is actually Guanxi. The first year was established as the Shaanxi Xingzhong Secretariat. It is referred to as Shaanxi, and it is also known as Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
07, Shandong Province, Shanxi Province
Shandong and Shanxi were originally regional names. "Shandong", "Shanxi" in the Warring States Period, Qin and Han Dynasties is synonymous with "Guandong" and "Guanxi". Mountain refers to Gushan, Pass refers to Hangu Pass . At that time, it was generally referred to as the territory of the six countries outside Qin during the Warring States Period east of Wushan and Hangu Pass as Shandong or Guandong, and the territory of the Qin countries west of Wushan and Hangu Pass was called Shanxi or Guanxi.In addition, the Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Northern Wei bases in the early Northern and Southern Dynasties were west of the Taihang Mountains, and the so-called Shandong might refer specifically to the east of the Taihang Mountains. The so-called Shandong in the Tang Dynasty generally refers to this meaning.
The Northern Song Dynasty established Kaifeng's capital, so Jingdong East and West Roads were set up in the area east of Kaifeng. The Jin Dynasty followed the Song system, but because of the establishment of the capital Zhongdu (now Beijing), Kaifeng was no longer Kyoto. Because Jingdong East and West Road were changed to Shandong East and West Road, the jurisdiction was approximately equivalent to that of Shandong Province and Jiangsu Huaibei region. This was the beginning of Shandong as the name of the political region. In the Yuan Dynasty, the Shandong East-West Dao Xuanwei Department was reorganized and belonged to the Secretariat. It was changed to Shandong Province in the early Ming Dynasty and has been passed down to this day. The province was the land of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period, so it was simply called Lu.
Chang'an , which was built in Guanzhong during the Tang Dynasty, so it is called east of the Yellow River and west of the Taihang Mountains as the east of the Hedong Road, and set up Hedong Road. During the Yuan Dynasty, the capital was established in Beijing, so it is also called Shanxi to the west of Taihang Mountain. It was established in the Shanxi Road, Hedong, and belongs to the Secretariat. This is the beginning of Shanxi as the name of the political district. It was renamed Shanxi Province in the early Ming Dynasty and has been passed down to this day. The province was the territory of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period, so it is simply called Jin.
08, Heilongjiang Province
The name Heilongjiang was first seen in "History of Liao". It is said that the river water is black and winding like a dragon, so it is named. In the tenth year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1671 AD), Heilongjiang City (now the old city of Nan Aihui County) was built along the Heilongjiang River as a military stronghold to defend against Tsarist Russian invasion in the east. In the 22nd year (1683 AD), the Heilongjiang General was added to part of the jurisdiction of General Ningguta. It was named after its garrison in Heilongjiang City and governed the Heilongjiang River basin above the Songhua River. At that time, the territory of our country was north of Heilongjiang and south of the Greater Xing'anling. Heilongjiang City had a moderate status within the jurisdiction of the Heilongjiang General, and became the administrative center of the Qing government ruled this area. In the 29th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi (1690 AD), the general of Heilongjiang moved to Melgen (now Nenjiang City ), and in the 38th year (1699 AD), he moved to Qiqihar . Although the general's garrison has been moved repeatedly, the name of the Heilongjiang General has not changed. In the late Qing Dynasty, the 33rd year of Guangxu (1907 AD), the Heilongjiang General was abolished and Heilongjiang Province was renamed. Black for short.
09, Qinghai Province
Qinghai Lake is the largest saltwater lake in my country. It has the names of Xihai , Xihai, Xianshuihai, Beihe Qianghai, Xianlinghai and other names. The name of Qinghai was first seen in the "Shui Jing Zhu" quoted Kan Qiong (a man from the early fifth century) in the "Thirteen Prefectures". After the Tang Dynasty, Qinghai was often used as the correct name, and sometimes it was called the West Sea, so other names were rarely seen. The surrounding Qinghai Lake was occupied by the Qiang people during the Han and Wei dynasties. Later, Tuyuhun and Tubo occupied this area. In the first half of the 16th century (during the Zhengde and Jiajing periods of the Ming Dynasty), the Mongolians occupied Qinghai area twice.
In the early Qing Dynasty, the Mongolian Erlut tribe entered from the northwest to the northern part of Qinghai, and was called the Erlut tribe in Qinghai, which is equivalent to the northern part of Qinghai Province today. After pacifying Luobuzangdanjin during the Yongzheng period, he established the Minister of Office of Xining (because he was in charge of Qinghai area, he was also known as the Minister of Office of Qinghai) in Xining Prefecture (at the time of Gansu Province, and is under the jurisdiction of Xining City), and was in charge of the chieftains of the Forty-nine tribes of Yushu, which lived in the southern part of Qinghai Province. After the Revolution of 1911, the Minister of Service of Xining was abolished and the Chief Secretary of the Qinghai Office was changed. In 1915, the Gansu-Border Ninghai Guardian was renamed to manage the entire Qinghai area. In 1926, the Qinghai Guardian was renamed. In 1928, the Kuomintang government rebuilt Qinghai Province and established seven counties including Xining, Gansu Province to be under Qinghai Province, with Xining as the provincial governing. Abbreviated as Qing.
10, Liaoning Province
The Liaohe River Basin originated very early. During the Warring States Period, Qin, Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, Liaodong counties were set up east of the Liaohe River, and western Liaohe River was set up west of the Liaohe River. Liaoyang Prefecture was established in the Liaojin Prefecture, Liaoyang Province was established in the Yuan Dynasty, and Liaodong Dusi was established in the Ming Dynasty. Although the jurisdiction was different in size, they were all centered on the Liaohe River Basin. The Liaodong General was established in the early Qing Dynasty. In the fourth year of Kangxi (1665 AD), it was renamed General Fengtian because the Liaohe River Basin was the birthplace of the Qing Dynasty, which means "Fengtian Chengyun". In the 33rd year of the Guangxu period (1907 AD), General Fengtian was changed to Fengtian Province, and it continued until the Beiyang era. In 1929, the Kuomintang government was overthrown because the Qing Dynasty had been overthrown, so it was not appropriate to use the name "Fengtian" and changed its name to Liaoning with the meaning of permanent peace in the Liaohe River Basin. It is referred to as Liao for short.
11, Guizhou Province
in the fourth year of Wude in the Tang Dynasty (621 AD), Juzhou was established and followed the Song Dynasty. The local pronunciation fish mold and fat are insignificant, so there are also records in the Song Dynasty that wrote Juzhou as Guizhou. In the early Yuan Dynasty (late thirteenth century), it was officially renamed Guizhou. At that time, a state in the southwest ethnic minority area was only equivalent to a county in the Central Plains, and Guizhou's jurisdiction was limited to today's Guiyang City and its suburbs. Soon (early the 14th century), it was changed to the lawsuit of the directors of Guizhou and other departments, and it was the seat of Xuanwei Office of the eighth century Shunyuan.
0 yuan at the end of the year Xuanwei Department changed its name to the word "Guizhou" where the capital is located. Xuanwei Office was a political district between the provincial level and the road and the prefecture level in the Yuan Dynasty. The jurisdiction of Xuanwei Office in Guizhou included Wujiang from the north, Panjiang from the south, Bijie waters from the west, Danzhai and Sandu in the east, and more than 20 counties are now. In the 11th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1413 AD), the three governing departments of Huguang, Sichuan and Yunnan were divided into three governing departments, and Guizhou was established as the provincial government. Because the provincial capital was located in the Xuanweisi District, Guizhou, it was named Guizhou. However, the provinces in the Ming Dynasty were much narrower than today, and the provinces were originally scheduled to be held in the seventh year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1729 AD). The province was located in the Tang Dynasty and belonged to Qianzhong Road, so it was abbreviated as Qian.
12, Jilin Province
In the 12th year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1673 AD), Jilin Wula City (now Jilin City) was built along the Songhua River. "Jilin Wula" is a Manchu word, Jilin means "along", Wula means "dachuan", and Jilin Wula is the city "along the Songhua River". It is referred to as Jilin for short. In the 15th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi (1676 AD), General Ningguta, who was originally stationed in Ning'an County, Heilongjiang Province, was moved here and renamed General Jilin. In the 33rd year of Guangxu (1907 AD), the jurisdiction of General Jilin was converted into Jilin Province. Abbreviated as Ji.
13, Taiwan Province
From the Han Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, Taiwan is called "Yizhou" or "Liuqiu". It was also called "Dongfan" or "Beigang" in the Ming Dynasty. It was known as "master" since the 16th century. It originally refers to the area near Anping Town, Tainan, and is the transliteration of the local high-mountain tribe name. The "master" entered the 17th century and was rewritten as "Taiwan". At that time, the city of Zeelandia built by the Dutch invaders was called Taiwan City by the Chinese. After Zheng Chenggong expelled Dutch invaders in 1662, he regained the entire island, the "Taiwan" refers to the area including the Zheng family's ruling center now Tainan City. In the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1683), the Zheng family was pacified. The following year, the Taiwan Prefecture was established in Tainan City. The entire island was under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province. From then on, a region referred to in Taiwan has been expanded to include the entire island. In the 11th year of Guangxu (1876), it was rebuilt into Taiwan Province. It was occupied by Japan in 1895 and recovered in 1945. Abbreviated as Taiwan.
14, Fujian Province
In the first year of Shangyuan (760 AD), Fujian Jiedushi was established to govern the five prefectures of Fu, Jian, Quan, Zhang and Ting. Fujian was named after the first two states in the five states. The Song Dynasty was Fujian Road, and the Fujian Road Xuanwei Envoy was established in the Yuan Dynasty, which belonged to the Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province (the Fujian Province was established twice at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty and the end of the Yuan Dynasty). Fujian Province was established in the Ming Dynasty. Fujian was the residence of the Minyue people in ancient times, so it was abbreviated as Min.
15, Gansu Province
Gansu is one. It began in the 11th century, when the Xixia Dynasty divided the twelve military supervisors in its territory. Gansu is one of them, governing Ganzhou (now Zhangye County ), and governing the two prefectures of Gansu and Su (now Jiuquan County).
yuan in the 18th year of Zhiyuan (1281 AD), Hexi Province was changed to Gansu Province, and Gansu was named as the province. Because it is governed by Ganzhou Road, it is also called Ganzhou Province. In the first year of Yuanzhenyuan (1295 AD), Ningxia Province was abolished and merged into Gansu Province. Gansu then had all the land of Hexi and also the land of Hedong under Ningxia Road.
In the Ming Dynasty, Gansu Province was terminated and entered Shaanxi Province, and the governor of Gansu was appointed, one of the four governors of Shaanxi; Ganzhou Town was also established, one of the Jiubian Towns; the governor and general were stationed in Ganzhou Guards, and their jurisdiction was limited to the Hexi area.
In the second year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (1663 AD), Shaanxi was divided into two left and right governing officials. The right governing officials moved to Gongchang Prefecture (now Longxi counties) for six years and changed its name to Gongchang Prefecture; in the eighth year, it was renamed Gansu Prefecture and moved to Lanzhou (now city). When the first division of the department was divided, the Right Department still followed the Ming system and divided the second governors of Gansu and Ningxia. In the fourth year, Ningxia was sacked and merged into Gansu. The governor of Gansu, Shunzhi, was stationed in Ganzhou in the early Ming Dynasty, and later moved to Lanzhou.In the sixth year of Kangxi, he moved to Gongchang and in the 19th year, he also managed Lanzhou.
Gansu Province is abbreviated as Gansu Province. Because the province is located west of Longshan, it was also called "Longxi" or "Longyou" in the past, and was abbreviated as Long.
16, Anhui Province and Jiangsu Province
In the early Qing Dynasty, Jiangnan Province was divided into two provinces: Jiangsu and Anhui Province. Jiangsu Province was named after the first words of the Governor General of Liangjiang (government in today's Nanjing City) and the Governor General of Suzhou Prefecture (government in today's Suzhou City). Anhui Province is named after the first name of the governor's headquarters in Anqing Prefecture (in today's Anqing City) and the Huizhou Prefecture (in today's She County ).
In the third year of Shunzhi (1646 AD), the governor of Anlu was changed to the governor of Anhui, and the name of Anhui began to be the one. At this time, the system since the late Ming Dynasty was still followed, and there were three governors in Jiangnan Province. In the fourth year of Kangxi (1665 AD), the governor of Fengyang was sacked and his jurisdiction was divided into two governors, Jiangning and Anhui. Since then, the governor of Jiangning is roughly equivalent to today's Jiangsu Province and Shanghai City, and the governor of Anhui is equivalent to today's Anhui Province.
In the Ming Dynasty and early Qing dynasties, the official name of the province was the General Administration and the Provincial Department was the common name. In the 18th year of Shunzhi (1661 AD), the Jiangnan Administration Commission was divided into two left and right departments: the Left Department was stationed in Jiangning Prefecture, which was under the jurisdiction of the two governors of Anhui and Fengyang, and the Right Department was stationed in Suzhou Prefecture, which was under the jurisdiction of Jiangning Prefecture. In the fourth year of Kangxi (1665 AD), the governor of Fengyang was terminated and his jurisdiction was divided into two jurisdictions, Jiangning and Anhui, and the left and right officials were then changed to the jurisdiction of the same second governor. In the sixth year, the Left Department was changed to the Anhui Administrator's Office and the Right Department was changed to the Jiangsu Administrator's Office. This was the name of Jiangsu. In the 26th year (1687 AD), the governor of Jiangning was also renamed Jiangsu.
Jiangnan Zuogongs and Anhui Gongshuogongs began to be in charge of Jiangning Prefecture in the Yousi and Jiangsu Province. In the 25th year of Qianlong (1760 AD), the governor of this province was moved to Anqing Prefecture.
Jiangsu Province is referred to as Su or Jiang.
Anhui Province is referred to as Anhui. Anhui was originally an alias of Anqing Prefecture, and was named after the Fuzhi (now the Qianshan County ) and the former site of Anhui County in the Spring and Autumn Period and Anhui County in the Han Dynasty. The relocation of the prefecture to Anqing City at the end of the Song Dynasty, and the court is still used as an alias. After the Qing Dynasty established the province, the provincial capital was in Anqing Prefecture, so Anhui was used as the abbreviation of the province.
17, Yunnan Province
Yunnan was originally just a county name in the Han Dynasty, and its county seat was located in the current Xiangyun County. According to legend, during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, "Caiyun" was seen in Baiya (now Fengyi area), and sent people to track "Caiyun" to this point. Because the county was set up south of "Caiyun", it was named Yunnan. This is obviously a statement that later generations hope to write a message. During the Three Kingdoms period, the Shu Han established Yunnan County, and was named after the county was dominated by Yunnan County. The jurisdiction is comparable to the current counties and counties such as Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Dayao , Yao'an , Lijiang, Yongsheng , Yonglang and other counties. Nanzhao emerged in the eighth century, and soon, with the support of the Tang Dynasty, unified the Six Divines. Because it occupied it as an ancient Yunnan county, the Tang Dynasty conferred the title of Nanzhao King Meng Guiyi as the King of Yunnan. Since the Later Tang Dynasty, the so-called "Yunnan" was the synonym for Nanzhao. As the territory of Nanzhao gradually expanded, the area referred to in Yunnan also expanded. Although Nanzhao was changed to the Duan Dali Kingdom during the Five Dynasties and Song Dynasties, the name of Yunnan was still used. In the third year of Emperor Xianzong of Yuan Dynasty (1253 AD), Dali was destroyed and then changed to Yunnan Province.
Yunnan is referred to as Yun or Dian. Dian is named because the area near the provincial capital Kunming was the place where Dian was before the Warring States Period to Emperor Wu of Han.
18, Sichuan Province
was established in the early Tang Dynasty, and it has the area west of the Jialing River in Sichuan Province and east of the Dadu River. It is named after it is located south of Jiange. In the second year of Zhide (751 AD), it was divided into two military governors: Jiannan Xichuan and Jiannan Dongchuan , which were abbreviated as Xichuan and Dongchuan. Chuan means Hiraki Hiroo. Minjiang basin belongs to Xichuan, and Tuojiang basin belongs to Dongchuan.
In the early Song Dynasty, the former land of Hou Shu during the Five Dynasties (equivalent to the northeast of the Dadu River in Sichuan and the Hanzhong region in Shaanxi) was divided into Xichuan and Xia Roads. In the fourth year of Xianping (1001 AD), it was divided into four roads: Yizhou (later renamed Chengdu Prefecture), Zizhou (later renamed Tongchuan Prefecture), Lizhou and Kuizhou, collectively known as "Chuanxia Fourth Road", and later also referred to as Sichuan Road. In the Yuan Dynasty, the Fourth Road established Sichuan Province and divided the Hanzhong area into Shaanxi Province. It is called Sichuan for short. It is also called Shu because the western part of the province was the land of Shu during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, so it is also abbreviated as Shu.
Some books say that Sichuan is named after four major rivers: Yangtze River, Minjiang River, Tuojiang River and Jialing River, which is wrong.
19, Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
0 During the Five Dynasties, it was called Guangdong and Guangxi as Guangnan. It was named after its place in the Sun Wu and Jin dynasties of the Three Kingdoms and the South of the Central Plains. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, it was divided into several roads in the country, namely Guangnan as the second road. In the first year of Duangong (988 AD), Guangnan Road was divided into East and West Roads. In the Song Dynasty, Guangnan East Road was abbreviated as Guangdong Road and Guangnan West Road was Guangxi Road. The Guangdong Road Xuanwei Department was established in the Yuan Dynasty with the Guangdong Road in the Song Dynasty, which was affiliated to the Jiangxi Province; the Guangxi Road was divided into Liangjiang, Guangxi, and Hainan Second Road, which was affiliated to the Huguang Province, which means that Guangnan East and Guangnan West are no longer known as Guangnan East and Guangnan West. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Guangxi Province was built with Liangjiang Road in Guangxi, and Guangdong Province was jointly built with the second roads in Guangdong and Haibei and Hainan. In 1958, Guangxi Province was changed to Zhuang Autonomous Region.
Two Guang is the ancient land of Nanyue, and "yue" is called "Guangdong". Later generations called Zhejiang by "Yue", so Guangdong and Guangxi were called Guangdong, Guangdong and western Guangdong. Guangdong is referred to as Guangdong. Guangxi is called Guizhou (Song Dynasty), which is the Guilin Prefecture (Ming and Qing Dynasties), so it is called Gui.
20, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
At the beginning of the fifth century AD, the Huns noble Helian Bobo thought he was a descendant of the Xia Hou clan, so he established the separatist regime he established in the current Hetao region and named the country Xia. After the fall of Xia, the Northern Wei Dynasty established Xiazhou in Tongwancheng (now Baichengzi, Hongjie Commune, Jingbian County, Shaanxi Province). At the end of the ninth century, the Tang Dynasty was awarded the title of Xia, Sui and Yin Jiedu for the contribution of the Xia, Sui and Yin Jiedu, and was granted the title of Duke of Xia. The descendants of the descendants occupied their land for generations. It was passed down to the beginning of the 11th century and established a separatist regime that started from Hetao in the east and Hexi in the west. The country was named Daxia and established its capital. Xingqing Prefecture (later renamed Zhongxing Prefecture, now Yinchuan City). The Song people were called the Western Xia because they were in western China.
In the middle of the 13th century, the Yuan Dynasty established the Xixia Zhongxing Province (hereinafter referred to as Xixia or Zhongxing Province), which was established in the former place of Xixia. It was then used to refer to the peace of Xia and was renamed Ningxia Province. Ningxia was named this. Soon, the province was abolished and Zhongxing Prefecture was changed to Ningxia Prefecture Road, which was under the jurisdiction of Gansu Province.
Ming appointed the governor of Ningxia, one of the four governors of Shaanxi; and also established the Ningxia Town, , one of the Jiubian Towns. The governor and general were stationed in Ningxia Acropolis (now Yinchuan City). In the early Qing Dynasty, the governor of Ningxia was sacked, and Ningxia Wei was changed into a prefecture (in Ningxia County), which belonged to Gansu Province; Ningxia General was appointed, and the two banners of the Western Mongolian Alxa and Ejina were governed.
1913, Ningxia Prefecture was renamed, Ningxia General was changed to the envoy of the Army Guardian, and in 1921, the envoy of the Army Guardian was changed to the envoy of the Army Guardian. In 1928, Ningxia Road (changed from Shuofang Road in 1914) was relocated to Ningxia Province by the Xitao Second Banner under the jurisdiction of Gansu Province. In 1954, it was abolished and merged into Gansu Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In 1958, the Yinchuan Special Zone of Gansu Province and nearby Hui settlement areas were cut off to establish the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Ning for short.
21, Tibet Autonomous Region
At the beginning of the seventh century, the Tubo, which unified the Tibetan Plateau, and the Tang Dynasty in the Central Plains, had established close political relations. During the Yuan Dynasty, the Tibetan area was called Uszang (Si Yizuo), and there was a Marshal's Office of the Wuszang Xuanwei Envoy, which was affiliated with the Xuanzhengyuan of the Central Committee. "Us" means "central" in Tibetan. "Hide" means "holy".
During the Ming Dynasty, the commander commanders of Wusizang and Duogan were set up in Tibet. In the Qing Dynasty, the area in the eastern Chamuduo (Lingchangdu) was called Kang (Kamu), the area in the central Lhasa was Wei (i.e. Us's cheyin), and the area in the western Shigatse was called Tibetan ( Ali included). In the late Kangxi period, it was invaded by Junggar. In the 59th year (1720 AD), the troops were pacified. Because its land is in western China, it is called Tibet. Yongzheng initially established the realms of Sichuan, Tibet and Qinghai-Tibet. In the fifth year (1728 AD), the Qing government sent ministers to Tibet to Lhasa to directly supervise the Tibetan local government. In the 18th year of Qianlong (1793 AD), the Qing government promulgated the famous "Imperial Tibet Charter", and Tibet officially became the name of the political region.
After the Xinhai Revolution, it was called the Tibet place. The autonomous region was established in 1956. Abbreviated as Tibetan.
22, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
Since the first century BC, the Western Han government has set up the Western Regions Protectorate in Xinjiang today, which governs the vast areas north and south of the Tianshan Mountains and south of the Balkashgar Lake; the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasties changed the Protectorate to the Chief Historian, and after the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Gaochang and other counties were set up. In the 7th and 8th century, the Tang Dynasty set up three states of Yi, Xi and Ting and two Protectorate Palaces of Anxi and Beiting here. The jurisdiction of the two Protectorate Palaces once arrived in the west of Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea.
After the mid-17th century, the Junggar tribe of Eruth Mongolian nomadly lived on the North Tianshan Road; at the same time, it controlled the Uyghur people on the South Tianshan Road and often sent troops to compete with the Qing Dynasty for Mongolia, Tibet and other places. It was a powerful separatist regime in my country at that time that confronted the Qing Dynasty. In 1755 (the second year of Qianlong), the Qing Dynasty pacified the Junggar tribe of Tianshan North Road, and in 1759, Tianshan South Road was included in the territory. In 1762, the Yili General was set up to station in Yili City, and governed the Tianshan North and South Road. Although the jurisdiction of General Yili was China's territory for a long time before this, it was a newly opened territory for the Qing Dynasty, so it was commonly called "Xinjiang". In 1884 (the tenth year of Guangxu), the jurisdiction of General Yili was converted into a Xinjiang province, and Xinjiang became the official political district. It was rebuilt into the Uyghur Autonomous Region in 1955. New for short.
23, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Mongolia was originally a tribal name. It was first recorded in the Tang Dynasty and was part of the Shiwei tribe. It was named "Mengwu" and also called "Mengwa". In the Song, Liao and Jin dynasties, they were translated as "Meng Gu", "Meng Gu", "Hidden Bone", "Blind Bone", and "Mongolli". At the beginning of the 13th century, the Mongolian tribe Genghis Khan unified the northern and southern tribes of the desert and established the Mongolian Khanate. Since then, all ethnic groups with the same linguistic system as the Mongolian tribe are collectively called Mongolia. After the overthrow of the Yuan Dynasty in the early Ming Dynasty, people in the Central Plains called the Mongolians who retreated to the north of the Frontier as Tatars or Oirats, while the Mongols still called themselves Mongolia.
Entered the Qing Dynasty. Except for the Briatt Mongolia occupied by Tsarist Russia, the rest of the Mongolian tribes were formed into alliances and flags within the Qing Dynasty's territory, which belonged to the central Lifanyuan, and were supervised or governed by the garrison generals, chief commanders or ministers near the alliance flags. At that time, it was customary to be known as inner and outer Mongolia. The so-called Inner Mongolia generally refers to Zhelim, Zhuosotu, Zhaowuda, Xilingol, Ulanqab, Ikzhaonezhasak Six Alliances, Twenty-four ministries, Forty-nine Banners and the second banners of Guihua City Tumote ("Qing Huidian", "Qing Tongkao", "Shengwu Records", etc.), and some refer specifically to the six alliances of Neizazak that do not include Guihua City Tumote ("Mongol Nomad Records" and "Draft History of Qing Dynasty". The Eight Banners of Chahar form a zone; Hulunbuir belongs to Heilongjiang; the pastoral factories outside the mouth belong to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Taipu Temple; the two banners of Tausi Lute are sometimes included in Outer Mongolia, and sometimes are themselves one zone; they are not within the scope of Inner Mongolia. After the late Qing Dynasty, the word Inner Mongolia was used to refer to all the alliance flag ranches south of the desert, north of the Great Wall, starting from the Zhelim League in the east, and ending at Tausierut in the west.
From the Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China, the Zhelimu League was assigned to the three provinces of Feng, Jilin and Hei respectively. The other five alliances, the Eight Banners of Chahar and the various maids established three special areas of Rehe, Chahar, and Suiyuan , and the two Taxi Banners were assigned to Gansu. In the Kuomintang era, the three special areas of Re, Cha and Suizhou were converted into provinces and transferred to the newly built Ningxia Province in the west. From the early Qing Dynasty to this point, Inner Mongolia has always been a regional name.
In 1947, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was established by the liberated Hulunbuir and Zhelim in the Northeast at that time, and "Inner Mongolia" officially became the name of the political region. After the national liberation, the Mongolian areas in the former provinces of Re, Cha, Sui, Ning and other provinces were successively incorporated into the district.
Original published丨"Journal of Fudan (Social Science Edition)" 1980 S1 issue
Author丨Tan Qixiang, Wang Tianliang, Zou Yilin, Zheng Baoheng, Hu Juxing
Original title丨"Source of the name of our province and region"
Shaanxi Legal Network Editor: Zheng Libo
